Fecal-indicator bacteria and Escherichia coli pathogen data collected near a novel sub-irrigation water-treatment system in Lenawee County, Michigan, June-November 2007

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph W. Duris ◽  
Stephanie Beeler
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Fecal Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Water Treatment System

scholarly journals Poikilothermic Animals as a Previously Unrecognized Source of Fecal Indicator Bacteria in a Backwater Ecosystem of a Large River

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Frick ◽  
Julia Vierheilig ◽  
Rita Linke ◽  
Domenico Savio ◽  
Horst Zornig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Fecal Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Intestinal Enterococci

ABSTRACTQuantitative information regarding the presence ofEscherichia coli, intestinal enterococci, andClostridium perfringensin poikilotherms is notably scarce. Therefore, this study was designed to allow a systematic comparison of the occurrence of these standard fecal indicator bacteria (SFIB) in the excreta of wild homeothermic (ruminants, boars, carnivores, and birds) and poikilothermic (earthworms, gastropods, frogs, and fish) animals inhabiting an alluvial backwater area in eastern Austria. With the exception of earthworms, the average concentrations ofE. coliand enterococci in the excreta of poikilotherms were equal to or only slightly lower than those observed in homeothermic excreta and were 1 to 4 orders of magnitude higher than the levels observed in the ambient soils and sediments. Enterococci reached extraordinarily high concentrations in gastropods. Additional estimates of the daily excreted SFIB (E. coliand enterococcus) loads (DESL) further supported the importance of poikilotherms as potential pollution sources. The newly established DESL metric also allowed comparison to the standing stock of SFIB in the sediment and soil of the investigated area. In agreement with its biological characteristics, the highest concentrations ofC. perfringenswere observed in carnivores. In conclusion, the long-standing hypothesis that only humans and homeothermic animals are primary sources of SFIB is challenged by the results of this study. It may be necessary to extend the fecal indicator concept by additionally considering poikilotherms as potential important primary habitats of SFIB. Further studies in other geographical areas are needed to evaluate the general significance of our results. We hypothesize that the importance of poikilotherms as sources of SFIB is strongly correlated with the ambient temperature and would therefore be of increased significance in subtropical and tropical habitats and water resources.IMPORTANCEThe current fecal indicator concept is based on the assumption that the standard fecal indicator bacteria (SFIB)Escherichia coli, intestinal enterococci, andClostridium perfringensmultiply significantly only in the guts of humans and other homeothermic animals and can therefore indicate fecal pollution and the potential presence of pathogens from those groups. The findings of the present study showed that SFIB can also occur in high concentrations in poikilothermic animals (i.e., animals with body temperatures that vary with the ambient environmental temperature, such as fish, frogs, and snails) in an alluvial backwater area in a temperate region, indicating that a reconsideration of this long-standing indicator paradigm is needed. This study suggests that poikilotherms must be considered to be potential primary sources of SFIB in future studies.

The Experimental Study on the UV Ballast Water Treatment System

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 704-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Ming Dong ◽  
Shao Long Yang ◽  
Jin Yang Sun ◽  
Xin Xiang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Water Treatment System ◽  
Ballast Water Treatment ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Circulation Volume

A UV ballast water treatment system was built in this paper. Nitzschiaclosteriumminutissima, Dunaliellasalina and Escherichia coli were selected as the test organisms to run the tests. The test results show that the inactivation ratio for the Escherichia colican close to 100%, when using 5UV lamps and the circulation volume was 5m3/h. While the inactivation ratio for the Nitzschiaclosteriumminutissima and Dunaliellasalina were 86.67% and 82.10%respectively. The investigation provides a better understanding of the UV ballast water treatment further.

scholarly journals Differential Decay of Enterococci and Escherichia coli Originating from Two Fecal Pollution Sources

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 2488-2492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asja Korajkic ◽  
Brian R. McMinn ◽  
Valerie J. Harwood ◽  
Orin C. Shanks ◽  
G. Shay Fout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fecal Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Aquatic Mesocosms

ABSTRACTUsingin situsubtropical aquatic mesocosms, fecal source (cattle manure versus sewage) was shown to be the most important contributor to differential loss in viability of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), specifically enterococci in freshwater andEscherichia coliin marine habitats. In this study, sunlight exposure and indigenous aquatic microbiota were also important contributors, whose effects on FIB also differed between water types.

scholarly journals Assessing the Importance of Sand as a Source of Fecal Indicator Bacteria (Escherichia coli and Enterococcus)

Oceanography ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Knee ◽  
Rose Leopold ◽  
Ella Madsen ◽  
Adina Paytan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fecal Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Indicator

scholarly journals Monitoring Waterborne Pathogens in Surface and Drinking Waters. Are Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) Simultaneously Efficient in the Elimination of Enteric Viruses and Fecal Indicator Bacteria (FIB)?

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2824
Author(s):  
Daniel Salvador ◽  
Maria Filomena Caeiro ◽  
Fátima Serejo ◽  
Paulo Nogueira ◽  
Rui Neves Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Fecal Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Monitoring the quality of water is a requisite to prevent outbreaks related to waterborne diseases, predominantly caused by pathogens like enteric viruses, usually transmitted via the fecal-oral route. This study aimed to survey a group of enteric viruses (Enterovirus, Norovirus genogroups I and II, and hepatitis A virus) in two surface water sources of drinking water, also intending to evaluate the extent of their elimination in the two water treatment plants (WTPs) involved in drinking water production. Correlations between these viruses and fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) were also evaluated. Positive samples for viral RNA were recurrently found by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and quantified, in genomic copies per liter (gc/L) of sampled water. Viral RNAs were detected in 14 out of 27 samples of surface water, and 21 out of 36 samples of drinking water, NoV II having been the most frequently detected in both (0–78.6 gc/L and 0–12.5 gc/L, respectively). Both WTPs showed variable efficacies in the elimination of viral RNA. Only one correlation was found with FIB, between NoV II and intestinal enterococci. These results recommend the monitoring of enteric viruses over time and their inclusion in the mandatory analysis of water quality.

scholarly journals Lack of Direct Effects of Agrochemicals on Zoonotic Pathogens and Fecal Indicator Bacteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (22) ◽  
pp. 8146-8150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachery R. Staley ◽  
Jacob K. Senkbeil ◽  
Jason R. Rohr ◽  
Valerie J. Harwood
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Fecal Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogens ◽  
Human Polyomaviruses

ABSTRACTAgrochemicals, fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), and pathogens frequently contaminate water simultaneously. No significant direct effects of fertilizer, atrazine, malathion, and chlorothalonil on the survival ofEscherichia coli,Enterococcus faecalis,Salmonella enterica, human polyomaviruses, and adenovirus were detected, supporting the assertion that previously observed effects of agrochemicals on FIB were indirect.

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