scholarly journals PROBLEMATIKA INTEGRASI KOMPETENSI SPIRITUAL DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPA (STUDI PEMBELAJARAN IPA MADRASAH ALIYAH DI LINGKUNGAN PONDOK PESANTREN JOMBANG JAWA TIMUR)

Penamas ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Moh _ Sodiq
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Science Lesson ◽  
Teacher Competence ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The World ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Research Questions

Abstrak: Ajaran Islam membimbing umat manusia agar sukses dunia dan selamat di akhirat, seimbang antara keduanya. Karenanya, dibutuhkan pembekalan integratif agar peserta didik menguasai ilmu keduanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola dan kendala integrasi kompetensi spiritual dalam pembelajaran IPA yang dihadapi guru IPA di lingkungan Madrasah Aliyah. Penelitian difokuskan pada upaya  integrasi ayat-ayat Kauniyah ke dalam mata pelajaran IPA (Biologi, Fisika dan Kimia) di Madrasah Aliyah di lingkungan Pondok Pesantren-Jombang-Jawa Timur. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menjawab permasalahan: Problematika apa yang dihadapi Madrasah Aliyah di lingkungan Pondok Pesantren dalam melaksanakan integrasi kompetensi spiritual dalam pembelajaran IPA? Serta bagaimana pola integrasi kompetensi spiritual dilakukan oleh guru dalam pembelajaran IPA di Madrasah Aliyah?. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, angket, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunujukan bahwa dalam pemahaman ayat-ayat kauniyah dan IPA saling membutuhkan, sehingga perlu dilakukan sintesis simbiotik. Di sisi lain terdapat kendala yang dihadapi guru dan Madrasah Aliyah, berupa kompetensi guru, sistem regulasi, metodologi pembelajaran, dan bahan ajar yang tersedia.  Kata Kunci: Integrasi, Kompetensi Spiritual, Pembelajaran IPA   Abstract: Islamic teachings guide mankind to the success of the world and salvation in the afterlife, in a balance. Therefore, it requires the students to have an integrative debriefing to master both. This study aims to determine the patterns and constraints of the integration of spiritual competence to the teaching and learning of science subjects in the Madrasah Aliyah. The research focused on the integration of Kauniyah passages into science subjects (Biology, Physics and Chemistry) at Madrasah Aliyah in Pondok Pesantren -Jombang-East Java. This research questions are; first, what are the problems of Madrasah Aliyah in Pondok Pesantren in integrating spiritual competence and since subjects? Second, how is the integration format of spiritual competence and science subject at Madrasah Madrasah Aliyah?. The research was conducted with a qualitative descriptive approach, in which the data were collected through in-depth interview, questionnaires, observation, and documentations method. The research shows thatthe two, the Kauniyah passages and Natural Science are understood as a mutual need, or a symbiotic synthesis. There are constraints faced by teachers and educational institutions, in integrating both. These constraints come fromthe teacher competence, the regulation system, the learning methodology, and the available teaching materials. Keywords: Integration, Spiritual Competence, Science Lesson

scholarly journals Strategi Meningkatkan Kecerdasan Emosional dan Spiritual Siswa

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Abdul Qadir Jaelani
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
School Administration ◽  
Spiritual Intelligence ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
National Education ◽  
Religious Tourism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Approach

Based on eight educational standards in the national education law and based on the tendency of educational institutions to be more oriented towards increasing intellectual intelligence of students while increasing emotional and spiritual intelligence is relatively not a priority, even though these aspects are important parts that must be improved in students. The study was conducted to find out the counseling strategies of the BK in improving the emotional and spiritual intelligence (ESQ) of MTs Negeri 3 Mataram students. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive approach, the data collection techniques in the form of observation, interview, and documentation. The research subjects are the BK teacher, homeroom teacher, and school administration teacher (TU). Field results indicate that the strategies used by counselors in improving the emotional and spiritual intelligence (ESQ) of MTs Negeri 3 Mataram students with three program qualifications, including: 1) Teaching and Learning Activities, they are: (a) Addition of religious subjects, (b) addition of lessons in moral aqeedah, (c) recitation of prayers before and after learning; 2) Ubudiyah's activities include: (a) duha prayer in congregation, (b) short surah readings, (c) religious tourism; 3) Sosial Activities, including: (a) compensation for orphans, (b) sharing with the poor, (c) sosial services. Berdasarkan delapan standar pendidikan dalam undang-undang pendidikan nasional serta berdasarkan kecenderungan lembaga pendidikan yang lebih berorientasi pada peningkatan kecerdasan intelektual siswa sementara peningkatan kecerdasan emosional dan spiritual relatif tidak menjadi prioritas, padahal aspek tersebut merupakan bagian penting yang mesti ditingkatkan dalam diri siswa. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui strategi guru BK dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan emosional dan spiritual (ESQ) siswa MTs. Negeri 3 Mataram. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatifhttpdeskriptif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitiannaya adalah guru BK, wali kelas, dan guru bidang tata usaha (TU) sekolah. Hasil lapangan menunjukkan bahwa strategi yang digunakan guru BK dalam meningkatkan kecerdasar emosional dan spiritual (ESQ) siswa MTs. Negeri 3 Mataram dengan tiga kualifikasi program, antara lain: 1) Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar, terdapat: (a) Penambahan mata pelajaran agama, (b) penambahan pelajaran aqidah akhlak, (c) pembacaan doa setiap sebelum dan setelah pembelajaran; 2) Kegiatan Ubudiyah, terdapat: (a) sholat duha berjamaah, (b) pembacaan sutrat-surat pendek, (c) wisata religi; 3) Kegiatan Sosial, meliputi: (a) santunan anak yatim, (b) berbagi kepada kaum miskin, (c) bakti sosial.

Peranan Bimbingan Keagamaan dalam Meningkatkan Kecerdasan Spiritual Remaja

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-252
Author(s):  
Risna Dewi Kinanti ◽  
Dudy Imanudin Effendi ◽  
Abdul Mujib
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Supportive Role ◽  
Subject And Object ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Research Questions

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui proses bimbingan keagamaan, fungsi bimbingan keagamaan serta hasil bimbingan keagamaan dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual remaja di Boarding School SMK PPN Tanjungsari. Dengan pertanyaan penelitian 1) Bagaimana proses bimbingan keagamaan di Boarding School SMK PPN Tanjungsari?, 2) Bagaiamana fungsi bimbingan keagamaan di Boarding School SMK PPN Tanjungsari?, 3) Bagaimana hasil bimbingan keagamaan dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual remaja di Boarding School SMK PPN Tanjungsari?. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan datanya dilakukan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi, dikarenakan masalah yang diteliti perlu dilukiskan secara sistematis dan faktual dengan menggambarkan keadaan atau status fenomena. Hasil bimbingan keagamaan di Boarding School SMK PPN adalah munculnya aspek-aspek kecerdasan spiritual pada remaja seperti kesadaran untuk menghayati proses ibadah bukan sebagai pengguguran kewajiban, terbiasa berperilaku baik, memiliki prinsip keadilan, memiliki prinsip kebenaran, mampu mengambil hikmah dari musibah yang dihadapinya, bersikap fleksibel, bersikap kritis dan merenungkan penyebab serta alasan segala sesuatu terjadi. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa bimbingan keagamaan di Boarding Schoool SMK PPN memiliki peranan yang sangat menunjang dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual remaja. The purpose of this study is to find out how the proccess of islamic guidance, function of islamic guidance, and result of islamic guidance to increase SpritualQuetiont in adolescence. With research questions 1) How the proccess of islamic guidance to increase spiritual quetiont on adolescence ?, 2) What is the function of islamic guidance to increase Spiritual Quetiont on adolescence?, 3) How are the results of islamic guidance to increase Spiritual Quetiont on adolescence?. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive approach with subject and object of research is guidancer. While the data collection tool in this study through observation, direct interview and written interviews. From the results of research conducted at Boarding School SMK PPN Tanjungsari, it appears of Spiritual Quetiont in adolescents. Such as the behavior of living the worship process, get used to behave well, be fair, be wise, able to take lessons from the difficulties they experienced, be flexible, be critical. So, we can conclude that islamic Guidance has a very supportive role in increasing adolescent Spiritual Quetiont.

scholarly journals همة الطلاب في الأنشطة اللغوية يوم الأربعاء في قسم تدريس اللغة العربية بالجامعة الإسلامية الحكومية بنجكولو

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Fadhila Suskha
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Student Interest ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Faculty Of Education ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Collection Methods

AbstractTo uncover the causes that give rise to a lack of student interest in participating in language activities. To uncover strategies to increase student interest in participating in language activities in Arabic Language Study Program Faculty of Education and Teaching in IAIN Bengkul5.In this study, researchers used a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection methods for this study by observation, interviews and documents. Language activities include teaching and learning activities every Wednesday, Weekly Arabic activities, vocabulary sharing activities, lectures, dramas. Lack of a clear curriculum led to the failure to achieve the objectives of this activity, the lack of relationship between teachers and students, the relationship between students and the students because many students does not make affect other students, the lack of discipline in the MLA, no media to learn.Key Word: Enthusiasm of students; Language activity; Teaching Arabic

OPTIMALISASI PEMBINAAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GURU DI SMK CITEUREUP

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-184
Author(s):  
Sopian Mansur ◽  
Imam Tholkhah ◽  
Mohamad Jaenudin
Keyword(s):  
School Principals ◽  
Educational Innovation ◽  
Teacher Competence ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Teacher Competency ◽  
Teacher Responsibility ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Approach

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to find a portrait of optimizing the development of principals, including: Teacher competence; Teacher discipline; and Responsibility of teachers at Vocational High School PGRI Citeureup Bogor. Next is to find out the form of strategy undertaken by the principal in improving teacher competence. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach through interviews, observation and documentation. The subjects of this study were the principal, teachers and all staff at SMK PGRI Citeureup Bogor. To reflect the results of the study found: a portrait of optimizing the development of school principals in improving teacher competence is very harmonious. All teachers greatly increase competence when seen in implementing the rules, discipline, and responsibility towards their profession as a teacher. As for the form of the principal's strategy in increasing teacher competency in SMK PGRI Citeureup using formal and informal strategies, namely: involving teachers in seminars, training, conducting supervision, promoting discipline and motivating teachers from the principal to motivate teachers to improve improvements in educational innovation as tangible form of developing teacher competence. It is expected that principals can provide encouragement and coaching in teacher performance regarding competence, discipline and teacher responsibility in an effective and efficient manner so as to improve performance both professionally or by teacher competence in schools.Keywords: Optimization, Coaching, School Principals, And Teacher Competencies.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS PROYEK PADA MATA DIKLAT PRODUKTIF ADMINISTRASI PERKANTORAN DI SMK KOTA MEDAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 468
Author(s):  
Sri Mutmainnah ◽  
Rotua Sahat P. Simanullang ◽  
Rika Rika
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Teacher Competence ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
The World ◽  
Innovative Learning ◽  
Open Class

AbstrakSekolah tempat siswa Administrasi Perkantoran belajar untuk dapat menguasai kompetensi Administrasi Perkantoran yang dibutuhkan di dunia kerja. Namun guru SMK Administrai Perkantoran yang harusnya menguasai materi kearsipan ternyata belum dapat menguasai kompetensi kearsipan sebagai mana mestinya, demikian juga dengan pengimplementasian model pembelajaran yang memungkinkan siswa aktif dalam proses pembelajaran. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah membantu Guru-guru Produktif Administrasi Perkantoran dalam penguasaan materi Kearsipan dan melaksanakan pembelajaran yang Inovatif, Kreatif, Efektiv dan Menyenangkan dalam setiap pembelajaran yang dilakukan. Selain itu juga dilakukan pendampingan dalam penyusunan Rencana Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar (RKBM) dengan benar, dimana RKBM yang di susun akan digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran Kearsipan. Adapun target khusus dari kegiatan pengabdian ini, adalah; 1) Menigkatnya kompetensi guru dalam mengajarkan materi kearsipan; 2) tersusunnya Rencana Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar (RKBM) Kearsipan yang sudah terstandar; 3) Adanya dokumentasi pelaksanaan Open Class dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek. Hasil dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat diketahui bahwa ada kenaikan hasil belajar Kearsipan guru-guru dengan rata-rata pretest sebesar 68.5 mengalami kenaikan pada posttest menjadi 77.92 atau dengan ada kenaikan hasil belajar sebesar 9.42%. Selain itu kegiatan pengabdian ini menghasilkan RKBM dan video pembelajaran.Kata Kunci: Kompetensi, Pembelajaran berbasis proyek, KearsipanAbstractSchool where students of Office Administration learn to be able to master the competence of Office Administration needed in the world of work. However, teachers of SMK Administration Office who should master the archival material was not able to master archival competence as it should be, as well as the implementation of learning models that enable students to be active in the learning process. The purpose of this dedication is to help teachers Productive Office Administration in the mastery of archival materials and implement innovative learning, Creative, Effective and Exciting in every lesson learned. In addition, also provided assistance in the preparation of Teaching and Learning Activities Plans (RKBM) correctly, where RKBM is prepared will be used in archival learning activities. The specific targets of this devotional activity, are; 1) Increased teacher competence in teaching archival materials; 2) the compilation of Teaching and Learning Activities Plans (RKBM) which has been standardized; 3) The existence of Open Class implementation documentation by applying project-based learning model. The result of the dedication to the community is known that there is an increase in learning outcomes. Archival teachers with an average pretest of 68.5 experienced an increase in posttest to 77.92 or with an increase in learning outcomes by 9.42%. In addition, this dedication activity resulted RKBM and learning videos.Keywords: Competence, Project-based Learning, archives

scholarly journals Al-Kafa'ah Al-Inhirafiyyah Li Mudarris Al-Lughah Al-Arabiyah fi Al-Madrasah Al-'Aliyah Al-Hukumiyyah bi Kalimantan Asy-Syarqiyah

DINAMIKA ILMU ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-164
Author(s):  
Mustamin Fattah
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Teacher Competence ◽  
Evaluation Of Teaching ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

This research was conducted to determine the professional competence level of Arabic language teachers who are in Islamic educational institutions, especially in senior high schools (MAN) East Borneo. In addition, other important cases in this study are about teaching Arabic, including strategies to improve the quality of professional teacher competence and Arabic learning. The research design is quantitative descriptive. The population is all of MAN in East Borneo, and the type of sample is cluster random sampling. Data collection techniques are observation, questionnaires, and documentation, while data analysis is a Likert scale and Mean formula to show the general results obtained. The results are based on an assessment of Arabic language skills, evaluation of teaching and learning implementation, professional awareness and teacher performance, and professional consistency that showed the successful of professional competence in Arabic language teachers by using the supported strategies of entire academic community in MAN East Borneo.

scholarly journals STUDY OF INSTRUCTIONAL MODEL ON BLENDED LEARNING IN POLYTECHNIC

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadek Cahya Dewi ◽  
Putu Indah Ciptayani ◽  
Herman Dwi Surjono ◽  
Priyanto Priyanto
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Blended Learning ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Instructional Model ◽  
Educational Model ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Model Technique

Abstract: Polytechnic has characteristic which prioritizes the application of practical aspects supported by appropriate theory. Blended learning can be applied in Polytechnic, but a scheme is needed to formulate the correct instructional model. The study objectives were to examine the type of instructional model on blended learning that suits with Polytechnic. The research was conducted by qualitative descriptive approach by Miles and Huberman through observation, in-depth interview, Focus Group Discussion and literature review. The research validity was done by transferability, confirmability, credibility and dependability test. It can be concluded that the instructional model is appropriately determined by the suitability of educational model, technique and method of learning, and also facilities and infrastructure readiness. The instructional model on Blended Learning in Polytechnic is the Rotation Instructional Model. The study had implications on the learning process in Polytechnic. The lecturers could use the schema to determine the suit instructional model for their courses.Keywords: Instructional Model, Blended Learning, Polytechnic, Vocational STUDI MODEL INSTRUKSIONAL PADA PEMBELAJARAN KOMBINASI DI POLITEKNIK Abstrak: Politeknik memiliki ciri khas pendidikan yang mengutamakan penerapan aspek-aspek praktis yang didukung oleh teori yang tepat. Blended learning dapat diterapkan di Politeknik, namun diperlukan sebuah skema untuk merumuskan instructional model yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengkaji jenis instructional model pada Blended Learning yang sesuai dengan karakteristik pendidikan Politeknik. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif model Miles dan Huberman, teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara, Focus Group Discussion dan kajian pustaka. Keabsahan data dengan uji transferability, confirmability, credibility dan dependability. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa instructional model yang tepat ditentukan dengan mempertimbangkan kesesuaian antara model pendidikan yang diselenggarakan, teknik dan metode pembelajaran mata kuliah, serta ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana pembelajaran. Sesuai dengan pertimbangan tersebut maka instructional model pada Blended Learning di Politeknik adalah Rotation Instructional Model. Implikasi penelitian terjadi pada proses pembelajaran di Politeknik. Para dosen dapat memanfaatkan instructional model skema untuk menentukan instructional model yang tepat untuk mata kuliah yang diampu.Kata Kunci: Instructional Model, Blended Learning, Politeknik, Vokasi

scholarly journals Digital Public Relations: Trend and Required Skills

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Alfelia Nugky Permatasari ◽  
Endang Soelistiyowati ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Putu Puji Suastami ◽  
Riski Apriliani Johan
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Public Relations Practitioners ◽  
Analytical Thinking ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Research Questions

Public Relations have evolved adjusting its practices to fulfill the needs of its users. In this case, technology possesses a great influence on how PR operates and interacts within society. Various institutions move to digital Public Relations, relying heavily on digital platforms, forcing Public Relations practitioners to master a new set of skills. This research aimed to map digital public relations trends and investigate the digital public relations competencies needed. A number of public relations practitioners from various institutions were interviewed to meet the objectives. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to answer the research questions. The research found that today traditional and digital public relations work synergically and are still needed by organizations. Apart from having good communication, interpersonal, writing, analytical thinking, and soft skills, a public relations practitioner is expected to be familiar with the digital platform and have the ability to design digital content.

Learning Arabic writing skill at Ningxia University China: Analysis study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-169
Author(s):  
Ma Ruo Nan ◽  
Suo Yan Mei
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Digital Analysis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Learning Skill ◽  
The World ◽  
Writing Skill ◽  
Descriptive Approach

Abstract This research focuses on the analysis of the in Arabic writing skill at Ningxia University of China. The research focuses on two main questions: how do students are proficient in writing skill, and how can teachers have a good command of the skills of writing. The aim of this research is teaching and learning skill for writing in Arabic lessons. The researchers explained the reasons for error in writing to students. This research was based on the collection of information for world scholars and their theories. This research was used by observation and questionnaire for digital analysis, according to the observations of writing skill and by the data analysis, the researcher will benefit from the teaching and learning skill of writing in Arabic in this university. During the case of correct analytical study, the research followed the inductive approach, the descriptive approach and the analytical approach. This research was based on the inductive and descriptive approach for collecting information of the world scholars and their theories. The research analyzes the data to use analytical approach. The research sample consisted of 100 male and female students from this university. It collected 100 copies of the questionnaire for students. The researchers used the spss tool to perform the number analysis. At the end of the research results, in view of the fact that students specializing in Arabic obtained good results in the written tests conducted in this research. The researchers found that students tend to textbooks to acquire the skill of writing in Arabic.

VOCATIONAL SCHOOL-INDUSTRY PARTNERSHIP IN IMPROVING GRADUATE COMPETENCY

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murniati AR ◽  
Nasir Usman ◽  
Azizah Azizah
Keyword(s):  
Educational Reform ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Vocational School ◽  
Working Mechanism ◽  
Business World ◽  
The World ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
General Guide ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Banda Aceh

A wide variety of educational reform on vocational education in accordance with the policy of link and match requires the schools to do the partnership to encourage the improvement of graduate competency and the demands of the relevance of education to the job needs. The purpose of this research is to illustrate and analyze the partnership strategy of vocational schools with the business world in its efforts to improve the graduate competency. This research has been held at SMK 3 Banda Aceh using qualitative descriptive approach. The instrument in this research is a researcher itself. This is because in qualitative approach, the researchers are essential instruments. As key instruments, researchers have to create their own set of the guidelines, observation, interview and documentary of appraisal guidelines that is used as a general guide in the process of recording. The results of the study show that the strategies adopted by SMK in forge cooperation with the world of business and industry are through the establishment of the cooperation program, working mechanism and analysis of factors that affect the holding of cooperation between the two parties.

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