6. Constructing Early Childhood Education and Care Policy Shifts in the United States

2017 ◽  
pp. 171-200
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Policy ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
Policy Shifts

scholarly journals Estimating the Consequences of Norway’s National Scale-Up of Early Childhood Education and Care (Beginning in Infancy) for Early Language Skills

AERA Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 233285841875659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Dearing ◽  
Henrik Daae Zachrisson ◽  
Arnstein Mykletun ◽  
Claudio O. Toppelberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Language ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
Early Language Skills

While most early childhood education and care (ECEC) programs taken to scale in the United States have served socially disadvantaged 3- to 5-years-olds, Norway scaled up universal ECEC from age 1. We investigated the consequences of Norway’s universal ECEC scale-up for children’s early language skills, exploiting variation in ECEC coverage across birth cohorts and municipalities in a population-based sample (n = 63,350). Estimates from two-stage least squares (i.e., instrumental variable) regression and generalized difference-in-differences models indicated the scale-up of universal ECEC led to improved language outcomes, particularly for low-income children. As preschool programs at scale become increasingly common in the United States, our results from Norway help inform debate about the merits of universal versus targeted policies and should provoke discussion about the benefits of beginning ECEC programs as early as infancy.

scholarly journals Struggling to maintain diversity: The marginalisation of Playcentre in government early childhood education and care policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Suzanne Manning
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
National Government ◽  
Care Policy ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
Service Policy ◽  
Mainstream Service

 Playcentre is a parent cooperative early childhood service where parents are trained and supported as the educators in the service. Once considered a ‘mainstream’ service, policy has increasingly marginalised Playcentres in favour of supporting teacher-led services. This article gives a background of parent cooperative services, and then reviews policies of the fifth National government from 2008, with an emphasis on how these policies have accommodated or excluded Playcentre. This review is presented as an argument for maintaining diversity in the early childhood education and care sector by developing policy which accommodates parent cooperative services.

Child Care Services

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Lein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Child Care ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Custodial Care ◽  
Child Care Services

Child care services, enabling parents to commit themselves to paid employment while providing a supervised environment for their children, have a long and complex history in the United States. Child care services can provide children with educational and other advantages, as well as custodial care. In fact, the United States has multiple kinds of services providing child care and early childhood education. Publicly funded services have concentrated on care for impoverished children and those facing other risks or disadvantages, but many of these children and their families remain unserved because of gaps in programs and lack of support for subsidies, while other families purchase the services they need.

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