CSGR-1: A Computer Simulator of Groundnut Rust1

Abstract A computer simulator of groundnut rust (Puccinia arachidis Speg.), CSGR-1, was constructed based on four mathematical submodels describing environmental effects on (1) the increase rate of disease severity and daily multiplication factor of diseased leaflets, (2) the relationship between host growth and the effective accumulated temperatures, and (3) the relationships between infectious tissue and disease severity. The simulator was validated using independent data sets. With CSGR-1, disease development of groundnut rust can be predicted eleven days in advance given appropriate climatic data.

Download Full-text

The visual arrays task…visual storage capacity or attention control?

10.31234/osf.io/u92cm ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jessie Martin ◽

Jason S. Tsukahara ◽

Christopher Draheim ◽

Zach Shipstead ◽

Cody Mashburn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Storage Capacity ◽

Working Memory Capacity ◽

Memory Capacity ◽

Attention Control ◽

Data Sets ◽

Independent Data ◽

Visual Storage ◽

Design Selection ◽

The Relationship

**The uploaded manuscript is still in preparation** In this study, we tested the relationship between visual arrays tasks and working memory capacity and attention control. Specifically, we tested whether task design (selection or non-selection demands) impacted the relationship between visual arrays measures and constructs of working memory capacity and attention control. Using analyses from 4 independent data sets we showed that the degree to which visual arrays measures rely on selection influences the degree to which they reflect domain-general attention control.

Download Full-text

Incidence-Severity Relationships in the Pathosystem Coffea arabica-Hemileia vastatrix

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1999.83.2.186 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 186-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

R. Silva-Acuña ◽

L. A. Maffia ◽

L. Zambolim ◽

R. D. Berger

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Host Resistance ◽

Coffea Arabica ◽

Data Sets ◽

Independent Data ◽

Hemileia Vastatrix ◽

Fungicide Treatment ◽

Coffee Rust

Incidence-severity relationships for coffee rust were studied to determine if the easily assessed incidence could be used to evaluate host resistance and fungicide treatment. At two locations in each of 3 years, the incidence of rust on 300 leaves was compared with two assessments of severity: (i) the average number of sporulating pustules per leaf, and (ii) the estimated leaf area with rust. For nine or 10 assessments in time at one location and pooled over 3 years, the average number of sporulating pustules per leaf (Y sp) was well related with the incidence of leaves with rust (X) as Y sp = 0.02982+ 0.017035X +0.000573X 2; R 2 = 0.87. The leaf area with rust (Y la) was also well related with incidence of leaves with rust as Y la = 0.001 − 0.01076X +0.008376X 2; R 2 = 0.92. For two independent data sets from a second location obtained over two seasons, the above models satisfactorily fit the relationships for the average sporulating pustules per leaf (R 2 = 0.97 and 0.96) and for the estimated leaf area with rust (R 2 = 0.95 and 0.98). Therefore, the readily determined incidence can be used to estimate both measures of disease severity of coffee rust.

Download Full-text

Epidemiological Evidence that Maternal Influenza Contributes to the Aetiology of Schizophrenia

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.163.4.522 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 163 (4) ◽

pp. 522-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 124

Author(s):

W. Adams ◽

R. E. Kendell ◽

E. H. Hare ◽

P. Munk-Jørgensen

Keyword(s):

Data Sets ◽

Time Lags ◽

Epidemiological Evidence ◽

Intrauterine Development ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

The Relationship ◽

Monthly Incidence ◽

Maternal Influenza

The epidemiological evidence that the offspring of women exposed to influenza in pregnancy are at increased risk of schizophrenia is conflicting. In an attempt to clarify the issue we explored the relationship between the monthly incidence of influenza (and measles) in the general population and the distribution of birth dates of three large series of schizophrenic patients - 16 960 Scottish patients born in 1932–60; 22 021 English patients born in 1921–60; and 18 723 Danish patients born in 1911–65. Exposure to the 1957 epidemic of A2 influenza in midpregnancy was associated with an increased incidence of schizophrenia, at least in females, in all three data sets. We also confirmed the previous report of a statistically significant long-term relationship between patients' birth dates and outbreaks of influenza in the English series, with time lags of - 2 and - 3 months (the sixth and seventh months of pregnancy). Despite several other negative studies by ourselves and others we conclude that these relationships are probably both genuine and causal; and that maternal influenza during the middle third of intrauterine development, or something closely associated with it, is implicated in the aetiology of some cases of schizophrenia.

Download Full-text

PSVI-8 Meta-regression Analysis to Determine the Relationship Between Growing Pig Body Weight and Variation

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.357 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 218-219

Author(s):

Andres Fernando T Russi ◽

Mike D Tokach ◽

Jason C Woodworth ◽

Joel M DeRouchey ◽

Robert D Goodband ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Sample Size ◽

Polynomial Regression ◽

Data Sets ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Prediction Equations ◽

Data Set ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

The Relationship

Abstract The swine industry has been constantly evolving to select animals with improved performance traits and to minimize variation in body weight (BW) in order to meet packer specifications. Therefore, understanding variation presents an opportunity for producers to find strategies that could help reduce, manage, or deal with variation of pigs in a barn. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by collecting data from multiple studies and available data sets in order to develop prediction equations for coefficient of variation (CV) and standard deviation (SD) as a function of BW. Information regarding BW variation from 16 papers was recorded to provide approximately 204 data points. Together, these data included 117,268 individually weighed pigs with a sample size that ranged from 104 to 4,108 pigs. A random-effects model with study used as a random effect was developed. Observations were weighted using sample size as an estimate for precision on the analysis, where larger data sets accounted for increased accuracy in the model. Regression equations were developed using the nlme package of R to determine the relationship between BW and its variation. Polynomial regression analysis was conducted separately for each variation measurement. When CV was reported in the data set, SD was calculated and vice versa. The resulting prediction equations were: CV (%) = 20.04 – 0.135 × (BW) + 0.00043 × (BW)2, R2=0.79; SD = 0.41 + 0.150 × (BW) - 0.00041 × (BW)2, R2 = 0.95. These equations suggest that there is evidence for a decreasing quadratic relationship between mean CV of a population and BW of pigs whereby the rate of decrease is smaller as mean pig BW increases from birth to market. Conversely, the rate of increase of SD of a population of pigs is smaller as mean pig BW increases from birth to market.

Download Full-text

Dampness and student-reported social climate: two multilevel mediation models

Environmental Health ◽

10.1186/s12940-021-00710-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Eerika Finell ◽

Asko Tolvanen ◽

Juha Pekkanen ◽

Timo Ståhl ◽

Pauliina Luopa

Keyword(s):

Indoor Air ◽

Social Climate ◽

School Level ◽

Data Sets ◽

Student Relationships ◽

Teacher Student Relationships ◽

Teacher Student ◽

Mediational Models ◽

The Relationship ◽

Perceptions Of School

Abstract Background Little previous research has analysed the relationship between schools’ indoor air problems and schools’ social climate. In this study, we analysed a) whether observed mould and dampness in a school building relates to students’ perceptions of school climate (i.e. teacher-student relationships and class spirit) and b) whether reported subjective indoor air quality (IAQ) at the school level mediates this relationship. Methods The data analysed was created by merging two nationwide data sets: survey data from students, including information on subjective IAQ (N = 25,101 students), and data from schools, including information on mould and dampness in school buildings (N = 222). The data was analysed using multilevel mediational models. Results After the background variables were adjusted, schools’ observed mould and dampness was not significantly related to neither student-perceived teacher-student relationships nor class spirit. However, our mediational models showed that there were significant indirect effects from schools’ observed mould and dampness to outcome variables via school-level subjective IAQ: a) in schools with mould and dampness, students reported significantly poorer subjective IAQ (standardised β = 0.34, p < 0.001) than in schools without; b) the worse the subjective IAQ at school level, the worse the student-reported teacher-student relationships (β = 0.31, p = 0.001) and class spirit (β = 0.25, p = 0.006). Conclusions Problems in a school’s indoor environment may impair the school’s social climate to the degree that such problems decrease the school’s perceived IAQ.

Download Full-text

Sicker and Poorer—The Consequences of Being Uninsured: A Review of the Research on the Relationship between Health Insurance, Medical Care Use, Health, Work, and Income

Medical Care Research and Review ◽

10.1177/1077558703254101 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 60 (2_suppl) ◽

pp. 3S-75S ◽

Cited By ~ 262

Author(s):

Jack Hadley

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Medical Care ◽

Data Sets ◽

Work Effort ◽

Services Research ◽

The Past ◽

Medical Care Use ◽

Process Studies ◽

Annual Earnings ◽

The Relationship

Health services research conducted over the past 25 years makes a compelling case that having health insurance or using more medical care would improve the health of the uninsured. The literature's broad range of conditions, populations, and methods makes it difficult to derive a precise quantitative estimate of the effect of having health insurance on the uninsured's health. Some mortality studies imply that a 4% to 5% reduction in the uninsured's mortality is a lower bound; other studies suggest that the reductions could be as high as 20% to 25%. Although all of the studies reviewed suffer from methodological flaws of varying degrees, there is substantial qualitative consistency across studies of different medical conditions conducted at different times and using different data sets and statistical methods. Corroborating process studies find that the uninsured receive fewer preventive and diagnostic services, tend to be more severely ill when diagnosed, and receive less therapeutic care. Other literature suggests that improving health status from fair or poor to very good or excellent would increase both work effort and annual earnings by approximately 15% to 20%.

Download Full-text

CT pulmonary angiography in COVID-19 pneumonia: relationship between pulmonary embolism and disease severity

Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine ◽

10.1186/s43055-020-00389-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aya Yassin ◽

Maryam Ali Abdelkader ◽

Rehab M. Mohammed ◽

Ahmed M. Osman

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Embolism ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Pulmonary Angiography ◽

Significant Relation ◽

Ct Pulmonary Angiography ◽

Laboratory Results ◽

Severity Of The Disease ◽

The Relationship ◽

D Dimer

Abstract Background Pulmonary embolism (PE) is one of the known sequels of COVID-19 infection. We aimed to assess the incidence of PE in patients with COVID-19 infection and to evaluate the relationship between the CT severity of the disease and the laboratory indicators. This was a retrospective study conducted on 96 patients with COVID-19 infection proved by positive PCR who underwent CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) with a calculation of the CT severity of COVID-19 infection. Available patients’ complaint and laboratory data at the time of CTPA were correlated with PE presence and disease severity. Results Forty patients (41.7%) showed positive PE with the median time for the incidence of PE which was 12 days after onset of the disease. No significant correlation was found between the incidence of PE and the patients’ age, sex, laboratory results, and the CT severity of COVID-19. A statistically significant relation was found between the incidence of PE and the patients’ desaturation, hemoptysis, and chest pain. A highly significant correlation was found between the incidence of PE and the rising in the D-dimer level as well as the progressive CT findings when compared to the previous one. Conclusion CT progression and the rising in D-dimer level are considered the most important parameters suggesting underlying PE in patients with positive COVID-19 infection which is commonly seen during the second week of infection and alert the use of CT pulmonary angiography to exclude or confirm PE. This is may help in improving the management of COVID-19 infection.

Download Full-text