scholarly journals The effect of testosterone on the bile acid and bile lipid composition in rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Lupaina ◽  
◽  
A. M. Liashevych ◽  
Y. M. Reshetnik ◽  
S. P. Veselsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Taurocholic Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Glycocholic Acid ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Free Bile Acids

The study of sexual differences in the regulation of exocrine liver function is one of the topical areas in hepatology. After all, the liver serves as a mediator in a number of systemic effects of sex hormones on the body and is a key organ of their metabolism. In particular, the correlation between the concentration of steroid hormones can determine the direction of physiological processes and their possible distortions. Methods: physiological, biochemical, methods of mathematical statistics. Cholesecretion increased in female rats under the influence of testosterone. Testosterone raised the concentration of taurocholic acid and at the end of the acute experiment the level of taurohenodeoxycholic and taurodeoxycholic acids significantly increased. By comparison, the content of glycocholates decreased significantly immediately after the administration of the hormone but at the end of the experiment, the content of glycocholic acid increased significantly. The level of free bile acids increased under the testosterone. Testosterone affected the bile lipid composition, in particular, it raised the concentrations of phospholipids, cholesterol and its ethers, while the content of free fatty acids decreased under the studied hormone. Testosterone when administered intraperitoneally to female rats significantly affects the concentration of conjugated and free cholate, which may indicate its involvement in metabolic transformations and transport of bile acids to the primary bile ducts. The studied hormone raised the concentration of phospholipids, cholesterol and its ethers, but reduced the content of free fatty acids in the liver secretion of the studied animals.

scholarly journals The metabolism and role of free fatty acids in key physiological processes in insects of medical, veterinary and forensic importance

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12563
Author(s):  
Agata Kaczmarek ◽  
Mieczysława Boguś
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Maggot Therapy ◽  
Insect Reproduction

Insects are the most widespread group of organisms and more than one million species have been described. These animals have significant ecological functions, for example they are pollinators of many types of plants. However, they also have direct influence on human life in different manners. They have high medical and veterinary significance, stemming from their role as vectors of disease and infection of wounds and necrotic tissue; they are also plant pests, parasitoids and predators whose activities can influence agriculture. In addition, their use in medical treatments, such as maggot therapy of gangrene and wounds, has grown considerably. They also have many uses in forensic science to determine the minimum post-mortem interval and provide valuable information about the movement of the body, cause of the death, drug use, or poisoning. It has also been proposed that they may be used as model organisms to replace mammal systems in research. The present review describes the role of free fatty acids (FFAs) in key physiological processes in insects. By focusing on insects of medical, veterinary significance, we have limited our description of the physiological processes to those most important from the point of view of insect control; the study examines their effects on insect reproduction and resistance to the adverse effects of abiotic (low temperature) and biotic (pathogens) factors.

Composition of Lipids of Piqui (Caryocar coriaceum Wittm.) Seed and Pulp Oil

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 739-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidrun Dresen ◽  
R. B. N. Prasad ◽  
Paul-Gerhard Gülz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Sterol Fraction

Abstract The lipid composition of Piqui (Caryocar coriaceum) seed oil and pulp oil was analyzed and found to contain triacylglycerols (95.1/95.3%) as major components followed by free fatty acids (1.7/1.6%), diacylglycerols (1.6/1.5%), squalene (0.3/0.3%) and monoacylglycerols (0.1/0.1%). Phospholipids were found only in seed oil (0.2%). They were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. The sterol fraction (0.1/0.1%) contained stigmasterol and β-sito-sterol. In seed oil triacylglycerols the C-53 molecular species were dominated (52.8%) follow ed by C-55 (37.7%), C-57 (6.9%) and C-51 (2.6%) in minor quantities. In pulp oil triacylglycerols C-55 (51.7%) was predominant followed by C-53 (30.6%) and C-57 (17.7%). Palmitic (16:0) and oleic (18:1) acids were always the major fatty acids in both oils. In seed oil their quantities were nearly the same, whereas in pulp oil oleic acid was predominant. Composition of Lipids of Piqui (Caryocar coriaceum Wittm.)

39 LIPID FINGERPRINTING OF INDIVIDUAL BOVINE BLASTOCYSTS BY DESORPTION IONIZATION ELECTROSPRAY MASS SPECTROMETRY

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Ferreira ◽  
L. S. Eberlin ◽  
J. E. Hallett ◽  
R. G. Cooks
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Desi Ms ◽  
Complex Lipids

Mass spectrometry (MS) allows the detection and structural characterisation of intact molecules such as fatty acids and complex lipids. Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) is an ambient ionization technique used for MS analysis and profiling and imaging of drugs, metabolites and lipids directly from biological samples with no sample preparation. With the recent introduction of morphologically friendly DESI-MS solvent systems, it is also possible to acquire DESI-MS data non-destructively. Due to the extractive nature of these solvent combinations, enough ion intensity can be generated to chemically profile samples of microscopic dimensions. The objective of this work was to perform chemical profiling on intact bovine blastocysts by DESI-MS, focusing on lipid distributions. Blastocysts produced in vitro were washed 3 times in PBS + 0.1% polyvinyl alcohol to remove lipids present in the culture medium, were placed in PBS/methanol 50% and stored under –20°C for 1 week. For DESI-MS analysis, the embryos were simply placed in glass slides and allowed to dry at room temperature. Mass spectra were acquired in the negative ion mode at the mass/charge range from m/z 150 to 1000, using as solvents a combination of 1:1 (vol/vol) ethanol:dimethylformamide (DMF) or acetonitrile:DMF. The mass spectrometer used was a LTQ linear ion trap mass spectrometer controlled by Xcalibur 2.0 software (Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, CA, USA). The lipid species detected included deprotonated free fatty acids such as palmitic acid (m/z 255.2), stearic acid (m/z 283.2), arachidonic acid (m/z 311.2) and docosanoic acid (m/z 339.3). Free fatty acid dimers appear in the region from m/z 500 to 650 and complex lipids represented mainly by glycerophospholipid classes appear in the region from m/z 700 to 1000 and include phosphatidylinositols (PI 38:1; m/z 788.7), phosphatidylserines (PS 36:1, m/z 885.7) and also the chlorinated phosphatidylcholines (PC 36:1; m/z 794.7). After recording the mass spectra, embryos could still be observed in the glass slide with evident dehydration due to the action of the organic solvent. Since lipid composition of bovine embryos is closely related to cryosensitivity and due to the limited amount of analytes (each embryo is estimated to have a mass of 15 pg of total lipids) lipid analysis usually involves the pooling of individuals to have a large enough amount of analytes. Traditionally, gas chromatography is used for fatty acid residue analysis in oocytes and embryos pooled are submitted to lipid extraction and derivatization. Mass spectrometry by DESI, however, allows direct analysis of intact and single embryos and the profiling of not only free fatty acids but also complex lipids, represented mainly by 3 glycerophospholipid classes (PC, PI and PS). We envisage that DESI-MS will likely become a routine tool for the analysis of lipid composition in mammalian embryos and will contribute significantly to the development of culture systems that produce embryos with higher cryoresistance. Support from the Purdue University Center for Cancer Research Small Grants Program is gratefully acknowledged.

scholarly journals Phospholipids are A Potentially Important Source of Tissue Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Results of a Pilot Study Involving Targeted Metabolomics

Diagnostics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Erin B. Evangelista ◽  
Sandi A. Kwee ◽  
Miles M. Sato ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Christoph Rettenmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Random Forests ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Tissue Biomarkers

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pathogenesis involves the alteration of multiple liver-specific metabolic pathways. We systematically profiled cancer- and liver-related classes of metabolites in HCC and adjacent liver tissues and applied supervised machine learning to compare their potential yield for HCC biomarkers. Methods: Tumor and corresponding liver tissue samples were profiled as follows: Bile acids by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS), phospholipids by LC-MS/MS, and other small molecules including free fatty acids by gas chromatography—time of flight MS. The overall classification performance of metabolomic signatures derived by support vector machine (SVM) and random forests machine learning algorithms was then compared across classes of metabolite. Results: For each metabolite class, there was a plateau in classification performance with signatures of 10 metabolites. Phospholipid signatures consistently showed the highest discrimination for HCC followed by signatures derived from small molecules, free fatty acids, and bile acids with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values of 0.963, 0.934, 0.895, 0.695, respectively, for SVM-generated signatures comprised of 10 metabolites. Similar classification performance patterns were observed with signatures derived by random forests. Conclusion: Membrane phospholipids are a promising source of tissue biomarkers for discriminating between HCC tumor and liver tissue.

Hepatic Extraction of Free Fatty Acids in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Female Rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 1230-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby C. Chou ◽  
Ulf W. Wiegand ◽  
David M. Soda ◽  
Gerhard Levy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Hepatic Extraction

Effect of External Lipids on the Process of Wool Yellowing

1992 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 580-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Wojciechowska ◽  
Anna Pielesz ◽  
Andrzej Wlochowicz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Ester Fraction

We have made an analysis of the lipids deposited on the surface of wool staple fibers divided into tip and base sections prior to investigation. The analysis is limited to a determination of free fatty acids and the ester fraction by gas chromatography and mass spectrography. The findings show that the changes in lipid composition, both quantitative and qualitative, depend on the location from which the lipids have been sampled.

scholarly journals MILK LIPIDS AND SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Danchuk ◽  
V. Ushkalov ◽  
S. Midyk ◽  
L. Vigovska ◽  
O. Danchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
The Body

This article deals with the process of obtaining quality raw milk by analyzing its lipid composition. The lipid composition of raw milk depends on many factors, among which, first of all, is the species, the composition of the diet and the physiological state of the breast. In recent years, a large amount of data has accumulated on the fluctuations of certain lipid parameters of milk depending on the type, age, lactation, diet, time of year, exercise, animal husbandry technology, physiological state of the lactating organism in general and breast status in particular. Factors of regulation of fatty acid composition of raw milk: genetically determined parameters of quality and safety; fatty acid composition of the diet; synthesis of fatty acids by microorganisms of the digestive tract; synthesis of fatty acids in the breast; physiological state of the breast. The milk of each species of productive animals has its own specific lipid profile and is used in the formulation of certain dairy products to obtain the planned technological and nutritional parameters. Diagnosis of productive animals for subclinical mastitis involves the use of auxiliary (thermometry, thermography, electrical conductivity) and laboratory research methods: counting the number of somatic cells; use of specialized tests; microbiological studies of milk; biochemical studies of milk. The biochemical component in the diagnosis of subclinical forms of mastitis is underestimated. An increase in body temperature implies an increase in the intensity of heat release during the oxidation of substrates, sometimes due to a decrease in the intensity of synthesis of energy-intensive compounds. There are simply no other sources of energy in the body. The situation is the same with certain parts of the metabolism, which are aimed at the development of protective reactions to the etiological factor aimed at the defeat of the breast. That is why the biochemical composition of breast secretions in the absence of clinical signs of mastitis undergoes biochemical changes and the task of scientists is to develop mechanisms for clear tracking of such changes, identification of animals with subclinical forms of mastitis and effective treatment.

scholarly journals The Role of Lipid Composition in the Sensory Attributes and Acceptability of the Salted and Dried Mullet Roes (Bottarga): A Study in Human and Animal Models

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3454
Author(s):  
Antonella Rosa ◽  
Raffaella Isola ◽  
Mariella Nieddu ◽  
Carla Masala
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Fatty Food

A taste component is implicated in the oro-sensory detection of dietary lipids and free fatty acids seem to be involved in fatty food recognition. Bottarga, the salted and semi-dried ovary product of mullet (Mugil spp.), is a rich-fat food. A comparative sensory assessment of different commercial bottarga samples was performed in insect and human models in relation to their lipid composition. The bottarga attractant effect to Ceratitis capitata was assessed by behavioral tests. The subjective odor and taste perception of bottarga samples was investigated in human determining the rate of pleasantness, familiarity, and intensity dimensions using the 7-points Likert-type scale. Bottarga samples showed similar lipid profiles, but differences emerged in total and free fatty acid levels. Significant differences were observed in the attractant effect/acceptability of samples to medflies, negatively correlated to their total and free fatty acids. Insect female exhibited the ability to select among bottarga samples based on their visual and olfactory properties. In the human model, a potential contribution of free fatty acid amount in the pleasantness and familiarity dimensions of taste of bottarga samples was evidenced. Women exhibited a greater ability than men to select bottarga samples based on their better olfactory perception. Our results increase the knowledge about this outstanding product with nutritional and nutraceutical properties.

Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 averts Free Fatty acids deposition in the hearts of oral estrogen-progestin contraceptive-induced hyperinsulinemic female rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tolulope Eniola Omolekulo ◽  
Isaiah Woru Sabinari ◽  
Emmanuel Damilare Areola ◽  
Folasade O Ajao ◽  
Olayinka Olawale Asafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Adenosine Deaminase ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4

Free fatty acids deposition in non-adipose tissues such as the heart is a characteristic of insulin resistant states which features hyperinsulinemia and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) activation. Estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives (OC) treatment reportedly increased DPP-4 activity in rat tissue and DPP-4 inhibitors have anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to investigate the effects of DPP-4 inhibition on cardiac free fatty acid (FFA) deposition in estrogen-progestin treated female rats.From our data, estrogen-progestin OC exposure in female rats led to elevated plasma insulin, cardiac DPP-4 activity, FFA and triglyceride (TG) accumulation, Triglyceride/high density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) ratio, adenosine deaminase/xanthine oxidase/uric acid pathway, lipid peroxidation, glycogen synthase activity and alanine phosphatase whereas cardiac glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Na/K-ATPase and nitric oxide (NO) were decreased. However, DPP-4 inhibition resulted in decreased plasma insulin, cardiac DPP-4 activity, FFA, TG and TG/HDL-C ratio and alkaline phosphatase. These were accompanied by reduced adenosine deaminase/xanthine oxidase/uric acid (ADA/XO/UA) pathway, lipid peroxidation and augmented NO and Na/K-ATPase in estrogen-progestin OC-treated rats.DPP-4 inhibition attenuated cardiac lipid deposition accompanied by reduced activity in the ADA/XO/UA pathway in estrogen-progestin OC-treated female rats. DPP-4 is therefore a plausible therapeutic target in cardiometabolic disorders

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