Peculiarities of regeneration of representatives of the genus Amelanchier medik. in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
E. N. Raeva-Bogoslovskaya ◽  
O. I. Molkanova
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Amelanchier Alnifolia ◽  
Lateral Buds

The article presents the results of a study of the organogenesis of representatives of the genus Amelanchier Medik. at the stage of micropropagation. Serviceberry is a promising culture for Russia, characterized by resistance to various abiotic factors and possessing valuable fruit qualities. The purpose of this work was to identify the peculiarirties of regeneration and optimization the stage of micropropagation of varieties of serviceberry. Varieties belonging to different species of the genus Amelanchier Medik were used as objects of study: Krasnoyarskaya, Mandan (Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. Ex M. Roem.); Prince William (Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medik.); Ballerina (Amelanchier×grandiflora Rehder); ×Amelasorbus Rehder. The influence of the genotype, the source of cytokinin and its concentration on the height of microshoots, count of microshoots and the multiplication rate of varieties of serviceberry has been established. 6-benzylaminopurn induced the formation of adventive explants microshoots, and 2-isopentyl-adenine had a weak stimulating effect on the growth of lateral buds. The use of 6-benzylaminopurine at a concentration of 1.0 mg/l leads to a significant increase in count of microshoots in all studied genotypes. In varieties of Prince William (A. canadensis) and Ballerina (A.×grandiflora), the maximum height of microshoots was achieved in a nutrient medium with 1.0 mg/l of 6-BAP and 18.8 and 19.1 mm. The highest microshoots height in varieties A. alnifolia (Krasnoyarskaya, Mandan) and × Amelasorbus was obtained on a medium with 0.2 mg/l 6-BAP (19.0 and 16.4 mm). The maximum count of microshoots was characterized by the Krasnoyarskaya variety (4.8), the minimum by Prince William variety (1.9).

ASSESSMENT OF SOME ABIOTIC FACTORS ON MICROBIAL BIOPRODUCTS USEFUL IN BIOCONTROL OF PHYTOPATHOGENS

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 799-803
Author(s):  
Sergiu Fendrihan ◽  
Sorina Dinu ◽  
Oana Alina Sicuia ◽  
Florica Constantinescu
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Antifungal Metabolites ◽  
Ph Conditions

The environmental factors may influence the growth of microorganisms, by favoring their growth or slowing their multiplication rate and the synthesis of different metabolites. Parameters such as temperature, aeration, nutrients, pH or tolerance to NaCl can become limiting factors for microorganisms survival. Bacillus subtilis and related species can grow in variable pH conditions, maintaining the cytoplasmically pH in a relatively close range, stable to the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids.The aim of this work was to assess the influence of some abiotic factors on the biocontrol activity of microbial bioproducts, based on beneficial strains from Bacillus sp.. The bioproducts were tested in vitro against soil borne fungi at different temperatures and pH conditions. The results showed that the antagonistic activity of the biopreparates, tested at 27°C and 25°C, against phytopathogenic fungi released antifungal metabolites which inhibited the fungal growth. Also, when different pH values were analyzed, the results reflected that at pH 5.5 and pH 8.5 the bioproducts maintained the same antagonistic effect as in the control variant (pH 7.0).

scholarly journals Shoot Regeneration and Plantlet Formation by Cascade Huckleberry, Mountain Huckleberry, and Oval-leaf Bilberry on a Zeatin-containing Nutrient Medium

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir C. Debnath ◽  
Danny L. Barney
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Adventitious Bud ◽  
Stem Segment ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Explant Type ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Long Shoots

A plant regeneration protocol was developed for cascade huckleberry (Vaccinium deliciosum), mountain huckleberry (V. membranaceum), and oval-leaf bilberry (V. ovalifolium) clones. The effects of zeatin concentrations (0, 4.6, 9.1, and 13.7 μM) and explant type (leaf or stem segment) on adventitious shoot regeneration were studied on a nutrient medium of low ionic concentration. Adventitious bud and shoot regeneration was greatly influenced by clone, explant type, and zeatin concentration. Zeatin at 9.1 to 13.7 μM supported the best bud and shoot regeneration. At low concentrations (2.3 to 4.6 μM), zeatin enhanced shoot elongation and produced usable shoots after one additional subculture. The three clones differed significantly with respect to multiplication rate of adventitious shoots. Oval-leaf bilberry and mountain huckleberry clones produced six to seven 5-cm-long shoots per explant and cascade huckleberry clone produced five 3-cm-long shoots per explant, when 2.3 μM zeatin was used in the medium. Increasing the concentration of zeatin in the culture medium increased shoot number per explant, but decreased shoot height, leaf number per shoot, and shoot vigor. Proliferated shoots were rooted on the same medium but without any plant growth regulators (PGRs). Rooted plantlets were transferred to a 2 peat:1 perlite (v/v) medium for acclimatization and eventually established in the greenhouse with 75% to 90% survival rate. This in vitro protocol will be useful for micropropagation, in vitro selection, and genetic manipulation of Vaccinium species.

scholarly journals Light Source and Cytokinin Type Affect Multiplication Rate, Chlorophyll Content and Stomata Formation of Amelanchier alnifolia Shoots in Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 826-838
Author(s):  
Anita Bošnjak Mihovilović ◽  
Ivanka Habuš Jerčić ◽  
Tatjana Prebeg ◽  
Ivana Tomaz ◽  
Antonio Pavičić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Amelanchier Alnifolia

scholarly journals Propagation of three Blue Honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) cultivars in in vitro culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Ines Mihaljević ◽  
Vesna Tomaš ◽  
Dominik Vuković ◽  
Krunoslav Dugalić
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Lonicera Caerulea ◽  
Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽  
Blue Honeysuckle

The aim of this study was to micropropagate three blue honeysuckle cultivars "Kalinka", "Polar Jewell" and "Balalaika". Driver and Kuniyuki medium (DKW) with different type and concentrations of plant hormones for in vitro shoot multiplication. For in vitro rooting was used Driver and Kuniyuki medium (DKW) and Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) with different concentrations of indol-3-butyric acid (IBA). The highest multiplication rate was obtained on DKW medium supplemented with 4 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 1 mg L-1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for cultivars "Balalaika" and "Polar Jewell", while of cultivar "Kalinka" with DKW medium and 2 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 0.5 mg L-1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The best microshoot rooting rates were obtained on DKW basal nutrient medium with 1 mg L-1 indol-3-butyric acid (IBA).

Comparative Investigation on Formation and Accumulation of Rare Phenylpropanoids in Plants and in vitro Cultures of Pimpinella major

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 602-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Merkel ◽  
J. Reichling
Keyword(s):  
Callus Culture ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Liquid Nutrient Medium ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Plant Seedlings

Abstract Unorganized callus and leaf/root-differentiating callus cultures of Pimpinella major have been established in liquid nutrient medium. Their capacity to accumulate rare phenylpropanoids such as epoxy-pseudoisoeugenol tiglate, epoxy-anol tiglate and anol tiglate was compared with that of seedlings and whole plants. The unorganized callus cultures were not able to accumulate any phenylpropanoids. In comparison, the leaf/root-differentiating callus culture promoted the accumulation of epoxy-pseudoisoeugenol tiglate (up to 90 mg/100 g fr.wt.) but not that of anol-derivatives. The accumulated amount of EPT in PMD-SH was comparable with that in plant seedlings.

scholarly journals Impacts of Climate Change Interacting Abiotic Factors on Growth, aflD and aflR Gene Expression and Aflatoxin B1 Production by Aspergillus flavus Strains In Vitro and on Pistachio Nuts

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Alaa Baazeem ◽  
Alicia Rodriguez ◽  
Angel Medina ◽  
Naresh Magan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Pistachio Nuts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spoilage Fungi

Pistachio nuts are an important economic tree nut crop which is used directly or processed for many food-related activities. They can become colonized by mycotoxigenic spoilage fungi, especially Aspergillus flavus, mainly resulting in contamination with aflatoxins (AFs), especially aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The prevailing climate in which these crops are grown changes as temperature and atmospheric CO2 levels increase, and episodes of extreme wet/dry cycles occur due to human industrial activity. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of interacting Climate Change (CC)-related abiotic factors of temperature (35 vs. 37 °C), CO2 (400 vs. 1000 ppm), and water stress (0.98–0.93 water activity, aw) on (a) growth (b) aflD and aflR biosynthetic gene expression and (c) AFB1 production by two strains A. flavus (AB3, AB10) in vitro on milled pistachio-based media and when colonizing layers of shelled raw pistachio nuts. The A. flavus strains were resilient in terms of growth on pistachio-based media and the colonisation of pistachio nuts with no significant difference when exposed to the interacting three-way climate-related abiotic factors. However, in vitro studies showed that AFB1 production was significantly stimulated (p < 0.05), especially when exposed to 1000 ppm CO2 at 0.98–0.95 aw and 35 °C, and sometimes in the 37 °C treatment group at 0.98 aw. The relative expression of the structural aflD gene involved in AFB1 biosynthesis was decreased or only slightly increased, relative to the control conditions at elevated CO, regardless of the aw level examined. For the regulatory aflR gene expression, there was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in 1000 ppm CO2 and 37 °C for both strains, especially at 0.95 aw. The in situ colonization of pistachio nuts resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) stimulation of AFB1 production at 35 °C and 1000 ppm CO2 for both strains, especially at 0.98 aw. At 37 °C, AFB1 production was either decreased, in strain AB3, or remained similar, as in strain AB10, when exposed to 1000 ppm CO2. This suggests that CC factors may have a differential effect, depending on the interacting conditions of temperature, exposure to CO2 and the level of water stress on AFB1 production.

A STUDY OF THE INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF CHICK WHOLE EYE EXTRACT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LENS OF THE CHICK EMBRYO IN VITRO

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Reactive System ◽  
Vesicle Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Muscle Extract ◽  
Lens Vesicle ◽  
And Control

To demonstrate the phenomenon of homologous inhibition by clearly interpretable results in a readily reactive system, experiments were carried out to study the effect of chick whole eye extract on the development of the vesicular lens of the chick embryo in vitro. The heads of embryos of 11 through 13 somites were explanted onto nutrient medium diluted with varying amounts of the extract, and cultured for 30 hours. A total of 35 embryos exposed to concentrations of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 (extract to medium) showed complete inhibition of lens vesicle formation. Of a total of 53 embryos on concentrations of 1:8, 1:16, 1:32, and 1:64, more than 50% showed inhibition of vesicle formation. The inhibitory effect disappeared at a concentration of 1:128. Control material exposed to some equivalent concentrations of nutrient medium – saline mixtures showed inhibition of vesicle formation in only 15% of 33 embryos. Of a total of 27 control embryos exposed to ventricular muscle extract, approximately one-third showed inhibition of vesicle formation at concentrations of 1:8 and 1:16, with the inhibitory effect disappearing at 1:32. The implications of this result are discussed. Other factors and control experiments are described and their value is assessed.

Modified Technique for Measuring Platelet Aggregation

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kaplan ◽  
Svetlana Kaplan ◽  
Karen F. Marcoe ◽  
Lester R. Sauvage ◽  
William P. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Modified Technique ◽  
Aggregation Pattern

The turbidimetric method of Bom is the current approach for assessing the aggregation behavior of platelets. It has been of modest practical value, due to difficulty in standardizing laboratory techniques for plasma preparation and inadequate quantification of the aggregation process. We report a new technique of sedimented platelet rich plasma (SPRP) preparation that reduces the irregularities caused by factors associated with procuring and preparing blood samples and permits a more flexible protocol for laboratory practice. We quantified results with a platelet aggregation score, which is calculated by multiplying the ratio of the height of the initial wave of aggregation to the maximum height of the aggregation pattern by the total area under the aggregation curve and by the ratio of the whole blood platelet count and the number of platelets in the sample. Comparative analysis of platelet aggregation scores (n = 95) obtained with both plasma preparation techniques using a paired t test demonstrated no statistical differences ( t = 1.368, p = 0.174). To demonstrate the application of this modified method to evaluation of antiplatelet agents, the effects of aspirin and aspirin combined with citric acid on platelet aggregation were studied in vitro. The antiaggregatory effect of aspirin combined with citric acid was dependent on the pH and on their molar ratio, and was greater than the effect of aspirin alone. The SPRP protocol with platelet aggregation scoring methodology could be a valid alternative for measurement of the platelets' propensity to aggregate and the effect of antithrombotic treatments. Key Words: Platelet aggregation— Aspirin—Citric acid.

scholarly journals In vitro propagation of Rosa ‘Konstancin’ (R. rugosa × R. beggeriana), a plant with high nutritional and pro-health value

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wojtania ◽  
Bożena Matysiak
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Shoot Culture ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Health Value

Abstract The aim of the study was to develop an efficient micropropagation system for Rosa ‘Konstancin’, an interspecific hybrid between R. rugosa and R. beggeriana, whose fruits have high pro-health value. Shoot cultures were initiated from shoot buds collected in May and August from 15-year-old field-grown Rosa ‘Konstancin’ shrubs. The effect and interaction of different concentrations of phytohormones, sucrose and iron sources on in vitro initiation, multiplication and rooting of shoots were studied. The time of collecting explants from donor plants significantly affected the initiation of shoot culture of Rosa ‘Konstancin’. Considerably higher frequency of bud break (100%) was obtained in explants isolated in August as compared to those collected at the end of May (30%). All buds developed into single shoots after 2-4 weeks of growing on the basal Murashige and Skoog medium containing 2.2 µM BAP, 0.3 µM GA3 and 88 mM of sucrose. The highest multiplication rate (4.8 shoots/explant) in a 5-week period was obtained on MS medium containing 50% of nitrogen salts, 3.1 µM BAP, 0.9 µM GA3 and 58 mM sucrose. High rooting frequency (100%) and quality of rooted plantlets was obtained on a medium containing 0.5 µM IBA, 138 µM Fe-EDDHA and 88 mM sucrose. Fe-EDDHA had a beneficial effect on the growth and photosynthetic activity of Rosa ‘Konstancin’ plantlets, which were successfully acclimatized ex vitro, with a more than 90% survival rate.

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