scholarly journals Indus Water Treaty: Threats of Abrogation, Plans for Revision and Prospects of Survivability

2017 ◽  
Vol II (I) ◽  
pp. 375-388
Author(s):  
Manzoor Ahmad ◽  
Naveeda Yousaf ◽  
Muhammad Zubair
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Water Treaty ◽  
Water Issues

Indus Basin Treaty which was brokered by the World Bank for resolving water issues between Pakistan and India. Despite persistent hostilities and wars between the two arch-rivals, the treaty has functioned well and is still crucial for Pakistans water security and peace of the region. However, owing to increasing tension of water shortage in both Pakistan and India strains arise over the treaty. Growing Pakistani demands for water and sustained Indian construction of hydropower projects, as well as other dams on western rivers, have raised threats regarding the survivability of the treaty. Presently the treaty has come under intense threats after Uri attacks. Due to this incident some Indian commentators recommended abrogation, while some circles proposed revision of the treaty. However, questions arise whether revision of the treaty suit Pakistans interests? Will the treaty survive in the face of current crisis? What is Pakistans current stand on the issue?

scholarly journals Indus Water Treaty: Past Present and Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-86
Author(s):  
Shahnawaz Mantoo
Keyword(s):  
Historical Background ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Water Treaty ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
Indus Waters Treaty ◽  
Irrigation Waters

Natural resources are fundamental and imperative for the existence and evolution of human civilizations. Water being most important scarce natural resource has become a contentious political issue in the world. South Asia being a less connected and conflict ridden region, Water related conflicts have been a dominant area of concern. At the time of independence, the boundary line between the two newly created independent countries, i.e. Pakistan and India was drawn right across the Indus Basin, leaving Pakistan as the lower riparian. Dispute thus arose between the two countries regarding the utilization of irrigation waters from existing facilities. The negotiations held under the World Bank, culminated in the signing of Indus Waters Treaty in 1960. The paper will examine the historical background of the treaty; the contentious developments which have arose over the years and will also discuss the Kashmir perspective on the treaty. The paper will also evaluate the present disagreeing arguments of both states over the treaty.

Pipeline Politics in Chad

2000 ◽  
Vol 99 (637) ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
Peter Rosenblum
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
International Attention ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Face

Chad has come to the center of international attention as the World Bank, international oil companies, and NGOs struggle over the development of the country's oil reserves.… The results will affect not only Chad's future but also the future of other countries dealing with issues of accountability and development in the face of multinational corporations and world financial institutions.

Beyond Criminal Law

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Pieth
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Multilateral Development Banks ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Development Banks ◽  
Administrative Sanctions ◽  
Regulatory Sanctions

This chapter discusses administrative sanctions and preventive measures that go beyond criminal law to fight corruption such as states and Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs). They have developed a set of regulatory sanctions more directly aiming at the prevention of abuses by companies and individuals and protecting the interests of their respective institutions. Domestic procurement rules as well as the regulations developed by MDBs foresee cancellation of loans in the face of concrete misbehavior. Domestic agencies would also be able to stay subsidies or export insurance. Furthermore, domestic agencies and MDBs have introduced detailed sanctions procedures allowing debarment of corporations and individuals from future participation in procurement or from eligibility for export insurance. The debarment procedures established by MDBs may be regarded as a worldwide example of such administrative sanctioning, and one of the largest is the World Bank.

scholarly journals Trabalhadores docentes sob novas acusações

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Frederico Guilherme Campos de França ◽  
Solange Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Ronald Reagan ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Material Conditions

Este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma discussão teórica acerca do trabalho docente, considerando-o central nas relações entre o capital e as condições materiais que envolvem a vida profissional dos professores.  A presente discussão perpassa a ascensão do pensamento neoliberal, ocorrida no final dos anos de 1970, na Inglaterra de Margareth Thatcher e nos Estados Unidos de Ronald Reagan. O contexto de análise inclui o cenário deflagrado pelo resultado da eleição para presidente do Brasil, no ano de 2018, em que o programa de governo do candidato eleito é alinhado às orientações e perspectivas do Banco Mundial, poderoso representante do capitalismo globalizado. Mediante os dados de remuneração do trabalho docente, no Brasil, com destaque para o Distrito Federal, procurou-se comparar a situação do trabalho docente em relação aos argumentos do referido Banco e do novo Governo. As análises apresentadas, ao longo do artigo, indicam que os professores brasileiros estão sendo tratados/apontados como um dos problemas graves para o alcance de uma educação de qualidade e que o trabalho docente vem sendo colocado como ineficiente, pouco comprometido, muito caro e amplamente ligado a causas político-partidárias. Contudo, mesmo diante de um quadro desfavorável, no qual se começa a criar a imagem dos professores como inimigos da nação, muitos docentes continuam na resistência e na luta por melhores condições de trabalho e prestígio social.Palavras chave: Trabalho Docente. Professores. Educação.Teaching workers under new indictmentsABSTRACTThis article aims to conduct a theoretical discussion about teaching work, considering it central in the relations between capital and the material conditions that involve the professional life of teachers. This discussion runs through the rise of neoliberal thinking in the late 1970s in Margareth Thatcher's England and Ronald Reagan's United States. The context of analysis includes the scenario triggered by the result of the election of President of Brazil in 2018, whose program of government of the elected candidate is aligned with the orientations and perspectives of the World Bank, a powerful representative of globalized capitalism. Through data on the remuneration of teaching work in Brazil, especially the Federal District, we sought to compare the situation of teaching work in relation to the arguments of the Bank and the new Government. The analyzes presented throughout the article indicate that Brazilian teachers are being treated / pointed as one of the serious problems for the achievement of quality education and that the teaching work has been placed as inefficient, little compromised, very expensive and widely. linked to partisan political causes. However, even in the face of an unfavorable scenario in which teachers are being created as enemies of the nation, many teachers continue to resist and fight for better working conditions and social prestige.Keywords: Teaching Work. Teachers. Education.Trabajadores docentes bajo nuevas acusionesRESUMENEste artículo tiene como objetivo llevar a cabo una discusión teórica sobre el trabajo docente, considerándolo central en las relaciones entre el capital y las condiciones materiales que involucran la vida profesional de los docentes. Esta discusión se acerca a la ascensión del pensamiento neoliberal a finales de los años de 1970 en la Inglaterra de Margareth Thatcher y en Estados Unidos de Ronald Reagan. El contexto de análisis incluye el escenario influido por el resultado de la elección del Presidente de Brasil en 2018, cuyo programa de gobierno del candidato elegido está volcado a las orientaciones y perspectivas del Banco Mundial, un poderoso representante del capitalismo globalizado. Mediante los datos de remuneración del trabajo docente, en Brasil, con destaque para el Distrito Federal, se buscó comparar la situación del trabajo docente en relación con los argumentos del Banco y del nuevo Gobierno. Los análisis presentados a lo largo del artículo indican que los docentes brasileños están siendo tratados / señalados como uno de los problemas serios para el alcance de una educación de calidad y que el trabajo docente se ha puesto como ineficiente, poco comprometido, muy costoso y ampliamente. vinculado con las causas políticas partidarias. Sin embargo, ante un escenario desfavorable en el que comienza a crear la imagen de los docentes como enemigos de la nación, muchos docentes continúan en la resistencia y en la lucha por mejores condiciones de trabajo y prestigio social.Palabras clave: Trabajo Docente. Maestros. Educación.

scholarly journals Challenges to Indus Waters Treaty and Options for Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (IV) ◽  
pp. 249-255
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nawaz Bhatti ◽  
Ghulam Mustafa ◽  
Muhammad Waris
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Run Off ◽  
The World ◽  
Water Treaty ◽  
Indus Waters Treaty

The Indus water treaty was signed on 19th September 1960 by India and Pakistan under the aegis of the World Bank. Bilateral principles regarding water apportionment between both states were ensured by the Treaty. As a result, waters of the eastern rivers; Sutlej, Beas and Ravi, were assigned exclusively to India, while Pakistan received exclusive water rights of the western rivers; the Indus, Jhelum and Chenab but India is allowed to irrigate some specific land in Indian occupied Jammu and Kashmir and to generate hydroelectric power through run-off-the river projects. Following the Uri incident, the Indian government and media are generating ideas to discard the Indus water treaty. This paper focuses on legal and international implications if India attempts to unilaterally revoke the Treaty.

Indus Waters

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-138
Author(s):  
Pallavi Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Book Covers ◽  
Water Treaty ◽  
Canal Networks ◽  
Indus Waters Treaty

In this chapter, I wish to offer a pre-history to the Indus Water Treaty of 1960. Since the period that this book covers ends at 1952, and since I wish to situate the discussions around the treaty as a means of implementing the partition, it becomes particularly important to understand the considerations that affected the early stages of the Indus negotiations. I argue that although the Indus Waters Treaty, negotiated under the auspices of the World Bank, was signed only in 1960, over a decade after the partition, many of its clauses had built upon the assumptions that had been formed by 1950. Indeed, by 1951, both the source of the problem—the fear that enough water would not be allowed to flow in to Pakistan from the canals that had been built before the partition—as well as its solution—that new canal networks would have to be developed in a way that would satisfy the separate requirements of both India and Pakistan—were already apparent. The discussions around Indus waters in the years that immediately followed the partition, offer valuable insights into how the implementation of the partition was conceptualized.

The World Bank at 75

2016 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 1650001
Author(s):  
Scott Morris ◽  
Madeleine Gleave
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
75Th Anniversary ◽  
Global Public Goods ◽  
International Bank ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face

As the World Bank approaches its 75th anniversary, it faces a rapidly changing global environment. Economic growth among developing countries means that, according to our projections, up to 42 current International Development Association (IDA) countries and 36 current International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) countries could be eligible to graduate from their respective lending windows by 2019 under the bank's current rules. Changing dynamics in financial supply, both within and outside of the bank, and demand, e.g., for massive infrastructure investment or global public goods, indicate a need to rethink the bank's core lending model. This paper examines ways in which seeming immoveable forces underlying the World Bank's work might finally be ripe for change in the face of shifting development needs.

Guinea's Economic Performance Under Structural Adjustment: Importance of Mining and Agriculture

1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie Campbell ◽  
Jennifer Clapp
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Structural Adjustment Programmes

Domestic policy inadequacies have been targeted by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as the main reason for poor economic performance in sub-Saharan Africa generally.1 The structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) sponsored by these international financial institutions (IFIs) over the past decade have sought to rectify such policies. But many countries following their advice have continued to experience economic decline, albeit according to the World Bank, as a result primarily of their failure to properly implement the recommended reforms. It was argued in the late 1980s and early 1990S that governments pursuing strong adjustment programmes, even in the face of inhospitable world economic conditions, still outperformed weak reformers.2 This analysis does not hold with the same weight for all African countries. In the case of Guinea, external factors have been equally important in explaining its economic record under adjustment.

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