Carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with intracranial tumors

1980 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Suzuki ◽  
Ryuichi Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Carcinoembryonic Antigen ◽  
Cyst Fluid ◽  
Acoustic Neurinoma ◽  
Intracranial Tumors ◽  
Metastatic Brain Tumors ◽  
Pineal Tumors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Primary Brain Tumors

✓ Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and tumor cyst fluid obtained from patients with a variety of intracranial tumors was determined by radioimmunoassay. Slightly elevated levels of plasma CEA, ranging from 2.6 to 3.8 ng/ml, were noted in six (4%) of 161 patients with primary brain tumors: in three gliomas, two pineal tumors, and one acoustic neurinoma, respectively. On the other hand, 17 (37%) of 46 patients with metastatic brain tumors showed a definite elevation, and most of them had values higher than 5.0 ng/ml. Of 37 patients with primary brain tumors, only one with a pineal germinoma showed a significant elevation of CEA in CSF, whereas eight (44%) of 18 patients with metastatic brain tumors showed high values of CEA in CSF. All six patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis showed elevated CEA in CSF. Levels of CEA in tumor cyst fluid were determined in 17 patients with intracranial tumors, including 12 gliomas, two craniopharyngiomas, two metastatic tumors, and one meningioma; elevation of CEA in tumor fluid was noted in two craniopharyngiomas and one metastatic tumor. Sequential determination of CEA in plasma or CSF revealed that the CEA levels were well correlated with the activity of brain tumors. Consequently, the determination of CEA in plasma or CSF is valuable for the differential diagnosis between primary and metastatic brain tumors and for the management of CEA-producing tumors.

Gamma knife radiosurgery for metastatic brain tumors from lung cancer: a comparison between small cell and non—small cell carcinoma

2002 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Serizawa ◽  
Junichi Ono ◽  
Toshihiko Iichi ◽  
Shinji Matsuda ◽  
Makoto Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Metastatic Brain Tumors ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effectiveness of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) for the treatment of metastatic brain tumors from lung cancer, with particular reference to small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) compared with non-SCLC (NSCLC). Methods. Two hundred forty-five consecutive patients meeting the following five criteria were evaluated in this study: 1) no prior brain tumor treatment; 2) 25 or fewer lesions; 3) a maximum of three tumors with a diameter of 20 mm or larger; 4) no surgically inaccessible tumor 30 mm or greater in diameter; and 5) more than 3 months of life expectancy. According to the same treatment protocol, large tumors (≥ 30 mm) were surgically removed and the other small lesions (< 30 mm) were treated with GKS. New lesions were treated with repeated GKS. Chemotherapy was administered, according to the primary physician's protocol, as aggressively as possible. Progression-free, overall, neurological, qualitative, and new lesion—free survival were calculated with the Kaplan—Meier method and were compared in the SCLC and NSCLC groups by using the log-rank test. The poor prognostic factors for each type of survival were also analyzed with the Cox proportional hazard model. Conclusions. Tumor control rate at 1 year was 94.5% in the SCLC group and 98% in the NSCLC group. The median survival time was 9.1 months in the SCLC group and 8.6 months in the NSCLC group. The 1-year survival rates in the SCLC group were 86.5% for neurological survival and 68.9% for qualitative survival; those in the NSCLC group were 87.9% for neurological and 78.9% for qualitative survival. The estimated median interval to emergence of a new lesion was 6.9 months in the SCLC group and 9.8 months in the NSCLC group. There was no significant difference between the two groups for any type of survival; this finding was verified by multivariate analysis. The results of this study suggest that GKS appears to be as effective in treating brain metastases from SCLC as for those from NSCLC.

Does gamma knife surgery stimulate cellular immune response to metastatic brain tumors? A histopathological and immunohistochemical study

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (Special_Supplement) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
György T. Szeifert ◽  
Isabelle Salmon ◽  
Sandrine Rorive ◽  
Nicolas Massager ◽  
Daniel Devriendt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Gamma Knife Surgery ◽  
Metastatic Brain Tumors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The aim of this study was to analyze the cellular immune response and histopathological changes in secondary brain tumors after gamma knife surgery (GKS). Methods. Two hundred ten patients with cerebral metastases underwent GKS. Seven patients underwent subsequent craniotomy for tumor removal between 1 and 33 months after GKS. Four of these patients had one tumor, two patients had two tumors, and one patient had three. Histological and immunohistochemical investigations were performed. In addition to routine H & E and Mallory trichrome staining, immunohistochemical reactions were conducted to characterize the phenotypic nature of the cell population contributing to the tissue immune response to neoplastic deposits after radiosurgery. Light microscopy revealed an intensive lymphocytic infiltration in the parenchyma and stroma of tumor samples obtained in patients in whom surgery was performed over 6 months after GKS. Contrary to this, extensive areas of tissue necrosis with either an absent or scanty lymphoid population were observed in the poorly controlled neoplastic specimens obtained in cases in which surgery was undertaken in patients less than 6 months after GKS. Immunohistochemical characterization demonstrated the predominance of CD3-positive T cells in the lymphoid infiltration. Conclusions. Histopathological findings of the present study are consistent with a cellular immune response of natural killer cells against metastatic brain tumors, presumably stimulated by the ionizing energy of focused radiation.

The deposition of Hg203-chlormerodrin in experimental brain tumors

1971 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Kobayashi ◽  
Louis Bakay ◽  
Joseph C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Intracranial Tumors ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Electron Microscopic Autoradiography ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Meningeal Tumors ◽  
Vacuolar System ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The deposition of Hg203-chlormerodrin was studied in intracranial tumors in mice induced by implantation of 20-methyl cholanthrene by tissue assay, as well as light microscopic and electron microscopic autoradiography. The investigations were carried out in astrocytomas, glioblastomas, and meningeal tumors. The chlormerodrin content of the tumors exceeded that of normal brain with a significant tumor/brain ratio ranging from 5.8 to 22.5. It was found that the chlormerodrin molecule becomes rapidly incorporated in the tumor cells, with a preference for that portion of the cytoplasm associated with the vacuolar system.

Immunohistochemical study of metastatic brain tumors with astroprotein (GFAP), a glia-specific protein

1985 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiki Yoshimine ◽  
Yukitaka Ushio ◽  
Toru Hayakawa ◽  
Hiroshi Hasegawa ◽  
Norio Arita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Metastatic Lesion ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Tissue Architecture ◽  
Metastatic Brain Tumors ◽  
Central Nervous System Complication ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Elements ◽  
The Brain

✓ Tissues from 12 metastatic tumors of the brain were studied immunohistochemically with an antiserum to a glia-specific protein, astroprotein (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP). Emphasis was laid on demonstrating the tissue architecture of metastatic lesions incorporating brain-derived components (astrocytes and glial fibers). Of 12 samples, 11 manifested a number of irregular indentations at the tumor surface. These indentations, which contained astrocytic elements, extended into the tumor tissue in a tapering fashion. In seven cases, the deeper stromal portions of the tumor also contained astroprotein (GFAP)-positive elements. The presence of this glia-specific protein suggests that the stroma of the tumor tissue may in part be derived from preexisting brain tissue. This peculiar tissue architecture of the tumor supports the hypothesis that some of the blood vessels that are located in the stroma of the tumor tissue are also derived from the brain. These observations may be important in understanding the partial preservation of the blood-brain barrier in metastatic brain tumors and the mode of growth of the metastatic lesion, and in selecting the type of chemotherapy that will be most effective in controlling this central nervous system complication of systemic malignancies.

Immunobiology of primary intracranial tumors

1981 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Brooks ◽  
Robert B. Latta ◽  
M. Stephen Mahaley ◽  
Thomas L. Roszman ◽  
Lynn Dudka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Linear Combination ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Intracranial Tumors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sequential Analyses ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Host Immunocompetence

✓ Long-term assessment of general host immunocompetence of patients with primary malignant brain tumors indicates that although isolated determinations of nonspecific responsiveness are not clinically useful, sequential analyses utilizing a linear combination of in vitro lymphocyte probes are capable of predicting tumor recurrence prior to clinical deterioration.

The long-term side effects of radiation therapy for benign brain tumors in adults

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ossama Al-Mefty ◽  
Jane E. Kersh ◽  
Anupam Routh ◽  
Robert R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Intracranial Tumors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pituitary Dysfunction ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Radiation therapy plays an integral part in managing intracranial tumors. While the risk:benefit ratio is considered acceptable for treating malignant tumors, risks of long-term complications of radiotherapy need thorough assessment in adults treated for benign tumors. Many previously reported delayed complications of radiotherapy can be attributed to inappropriate treatment or to the sensitivity of a developing child's brain to radiation. Medical records, radiological studies, autopsy findings, and follow-up information were reviewed for 58 adult patients (31 men and 27 women) treated between 1958 and 1987 with radiotherapy for benign intracranial tumors. Patient ages at the time of irradiation ranged from 21 to 87 years (mean 47.7 years). The pathology included 46 pituitary adenomas, five meningiomas, four glomus jugulare tumors, two pineal area tumors, and one craniopharyngioma. Average radiation dosage was 4984 cGy (range 3100 to 7012 cGy), given in an average of 27.2 fractions (range 15 to 45 fractions), over a period averaging 46.6 days. The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 31 years (mean 8.1 years). Findings related to tumor recurrence or surgery were excluded. Twenty-two patients had complications considered to be delayed side effects of radiotherapy. Two patients had visual deterioration developing 3 and 6 years after treatment; six had pituitary dysfunction; and 17 had varying degrees of parenchymal changes of the brain, occurring mostly in the temporal lobes and relating to the frequent presentation of pituitary tumors (two of these also had pituitary dysfunction). One clival tumor, with the radiographic appearance of a meningioma, developed 30 years post-irradiation for acromegaly. This study unveils considerable delayed sequelae of radiotherapy in a series of adult patients receiving what is considered “safe” treatment for benign brain tumors.

Treatment of murine primary brain tumors with systemic interleukin-2 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes

1992 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Saris ◽  
Paul Spiess ◽  
Daniel M. Lieberman ◽  
Shan Lin ◽  
Stuart Walbridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Primary Brain Tumors ◽  
Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Methods have recently been described for the isolation and expansion of lymphocytes that have trafficked into animal and human tumors. These CD8-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL's) have exceptional trafficking ability to, and efficacy against, tumor targets in extracranial sites. Prior to Phase I clinical trials for patients with gliomas, adoptive immunotherapy with TIL's was studied in a mouse model of primary brain tumors to determine if intracerebral tumors have a similar response. Glioma 261 (GL261) tumors were grown in the subcutaneous space of C57BL/6 mice. After enzymatic digestion, the cells were incubated in vitro with interleukin-2 (IL-2) until a confluent population of T lymphocytes was present. The in vitro efficacy of these TIL's was tested against fresh GL261 targets with a chromium release assay; the in vivo efficacy was tested against GL261 tumors in the liver and against irradiated and nonirradiated GL261 tumors in the brain. Mice received one of the following: intraperitoneal saline; intraperitoneal IL-2 (7500 to 50,000 U three times daily for 5 days); IL-2 plus intravenous TIL's (1 to 3 × 107 cells); 10 Gy cranial irradiation; irradiation plus IL-2; or irradiation plus IL-2 plus TIL's. The TIL preparation killed 77% of tumor targets in 4 hours at an effector:target ratio of 100:1. In animals with GL261 tumors in the liver, at 2 weeks there were 93 ± 37, 128 ± 45, and 21 ± 14 liver metastases in the control, IL-2, and IL-2 plus TIL groups, respectively. However, in animals with GL261 tumors in the brain, no treatment group had an increased survival rate compared to the control group. It is concluded that, although TIL and IL-2 immunotherapy can be used effectively to treat brain tumors in vitro and at sites outside the central nervous system, it is ineffective against the same type of tumor in the brain. Different methods of delivery or different combinations of these immunomodulators may be more effective; however, based on these findings, treatment of patients with IL-2 and TIL cannot be recommended until efficacy has been demonstrated in an animal model.

Cyst Fluid From Cystic, Malignant Brain Tumors: A Reservoir of Nutrients, Including Growth Factor-Like Nutrients, for Tumor Cells

Neurosurgery ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 917-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Dahlberg ◽  
Eduard A. Struys ◽  
Erwin E. Jansen ◽  
Lars Mørkrid ◽  
Øivind Midttun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Cyst Fluid ◽  
Metastatic Brain Tumors ◽  
Value Range ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates ◽  
Stimulate Tumor Growth ◽  
Micromolar Range

Abstract BACKGROUND: Brain tumors may have cysts, whose content of nutrients could influence tumor cell microenvironment and growth. OBJECTIVE: To measure nutrients in cyst fluid from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and metastatic brain tumors. METHODS: Quantification of nutrients in cyst fluid from 12 to 18 GBMs and 4 to 10 metastatic brain tumors. RESULTS: GBM cysts contained glucose at 2.2 mmol/L (median value; range &lt;0.8-3.5) and glutamine at 1.04 mmol/L (0.17-4.2). Lactate was 7.1 mmol/L (2.4-12.5) and correlated inversely with glucose level (r = –0.77; P &lt; .001). Amino acids, including glutamate, varied greatly, but median values were similar to previously published serum values. Ammonia was 75 μmol/L (11-241). B vitamins were present at previously published serum values, and riboflavin, nicotinamide, pyridoxal 5΄-phosphate, and cobalamin were higher in cyst fluid than in cerebrospinal fluid. Inorganic phosphate was 1.25 mmol/L (0.34-3.44), which was &gt;3 times higher than in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid: 0.35 mmol/L (0.22-0.66; P &lt; .001). Tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates were in the low micromolar range, except for citrate, which was 240 μmol/L (140-590). In cystic metastatic malignant melanomas and lung tumors values were similar to those in GBMs. CONCLUSION: Tumor cysts may be a nutrient reservoir for brain tumors, securing tumor energy metabolism and synthesis of cell constituents. Serum is one likely source of cyst fluid nutrients. Nutrient levels in tumor cyst fluid are highly variable, which could differentially stimulate tumor growth. Cyst fluid glutamate, lactate, and phosphate may act as tumor growth factors; these compounds have previously been shown to stimulate tumor growth at concentrations found in tumor cyst fluid.

Neoplasms of the CNS (DRAFT)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Kaplan ◽  
Tracey Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Metastatic Tumors ◽  
Pineal Tumors ◽  
Primary Brain Tumors ◽  
Pediatric Medulloblastoma ◽  
Pediatric Astrocytoma ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The video in this chapter discusses neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS), including metastatic tumors, common primary brain tumors (pediatric astrocytoma, pediatric medulloblastoma, adult meningioma, and adult glioblastoma), as well as pituitary adenoma, and pineal tumors, which can present with Parinaud syndrome.

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