scholarly journals FREQUENCY AND RISKS OF ADVERSE OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS IN NEONATES

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Yu.Yu. Klymchuk
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Neonatal Respiratory Distress

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common endocrinopathies during pregnancy. The issue on the prevalence of its adverse outcomes depending on the time of diabetes onset – before or during pregnancy – is still remaining unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk of adverse outcomes associated with GDM in neonates in Poltava region. Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective study that included 10.025 infants born to primigravidae under 28 weeks. Group I included infants (n = 35) who were born to mothers with GDM, and group II covered infants (n = 82) who were born to mothers with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM). The control group included 9908 infants who were born to mothers without diabetes. Results. The risks of neonatal respiratory distress were significantly higher in neonates born to women with PGDM and GDM than in women without diabetes (RR 59.6 (95% CI 39.9-88.9) and RR 81.7 (95% CI 38.1- 175), whereas the risk of asphyxia was higher only in women with GDM (RR 16.4 (95% CI 6.5-41.4). Among the mothers with PGDM and GDM, no significant differences were observed in the number of infants with macrosomia (51.4% and 61.0%), hypoglycemia (37.1% and 31.7%), hospitalization in the intensive care unit (31.4% and 48.8%) and mechanical ventilation (20.0% and 23.2%). Conclusion. Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of developing maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes. The incidence of preeclampsia, premature birth, neonatal respiratory distress, macrosomia, and the use of mechanical ventilation in infants are the same in mothers with gestational and pre-gestational diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Serum Magnesium Level in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
FA Mishu ◽  
MA Muttalib ◽  
S Naher ◽  
R Tabassum ◽  
R Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Magnesium Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Serum Magnesium Level ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Group I

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by glucose intolerance during pregnancy. GDM is associated with an increased incidence of congenital abnormalities usually aggravated by maternal magnesium deficiency. Magnesium is one of the essential trace elements for normal embryogenesis and foetal growth and its deficiency increases mortality and morbidity rate of mothers, embryos and neonates. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the association of serum magnesium with GDM in second and third trimester of pregnancy. This case-control study was conducted in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital during the period from July 2013 to June 2014 to evaluate the association of serum magnesium with GDM in Bangladeshi women. A total of 172 subjects were recruited in this study; among them eighty six women with GDM were selected as case (Group-I) and eighty six healthy pregnant women were taken as control (Group- II). The cases again were subdivided as Group Ia and Ib at second and third trimester respectively. Controls also were subdivided as Group IIa and IIb at second and third trimester respectively. Student's unpaired 't' test was used to compare the data between groups. For analytical purpose 95% confidence limit (p<0.05) was taken as level of significance. Serum magnesium level was significantly decreased in cases compared to that of controls. It was significantly lowered (p<0.001) in cases Gr-Ia (1.3884±0.255 mg/dl) than controls Gr-IIa (1.6651±0.304 mg/dl) at second trimester. The result was also significantly (p<0.001) lowered when compared between cases Gr-Ib (0.9349±0.145 mg/dl) and controls Gr-IIb (1.6674±0.308 mg/dl) at third trimester. The study shows that serum magnesium level is decreased in pregnancy with GDM. So estimation of serum magnesium level may be done in every GDM cases to reduce the incidence of magnesium related complications by timely intervention.Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2016; 9(2): 59-62

scholarly journals Effect of a Mediterranean Diet-Based Nutritional Intervention on the Risk of Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Other Maternal-Fetal Adverse Events in Hispanic Women Residents in Spain

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3505
Author(s):  
Verónica Melero ◽  
Nuria García de la Torre ◽  
Carla Assaf-Balut ◽  
Inés Jiménez ◽  
Laura del Valle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tract Infections

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most frequent morbidity found in pregnancy, and it increases the risk for several maternal-fetal complications. Hispanic women are considered at high risk. The St. Carlos GDM prevention study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted from 2016–2017. Normoglycemic women were randomized at 12–14 Gestation week (WG) to an intervention group (IG) receiving recommendations based on the MedDiet (supplemented with ExtraVirgin Olive Oil/pistachios), or to a control group (CG), recommended to limit fat intake. After RCT conclusion, IG recommendations were applied to a real-world group (RW) in routine clinical practice. The primary endpoint of the current study is an assessment of the GDM rate in Hispanic participants of the aforementioned studies: 132 RCT, 128 CT, 284 RW participants. The GDM rate was lower in IG: 19/128(14.8%), p = 0.021, and RW: 38/284(13.4%), p = 0.029) than in CG: 34/132(25.8%). Adjusted RR (95%CI) for GDM: 0.72 (0.50–0.97), p = 0.037 in IG and 0.77 (0.61–0.97), p = 0.008 in RW. Rates of urinary tract infections, emergency caesarean-sections and perineal trauma were also lower in IG and RW. Other adverse outcomes were lower in IG vs. CG. In conclusion, a MedDiet-based intervention reduces the rate of GDM and several adverse maternal-fetal outcomes in Hispanic women residing in Spain.

scholarly journals Short term effects of maternal obesity on mother and fetus: a prospective study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3097
Author(s):  
Amrutha R. Thota ◽  
Ambarisha Bhandiwad ◽  
Vineet Sakhireddy
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antenatal Visit ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Risk Pregnancy ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Obesity is such a common health care problem of female population that have major impact on pregnancy. The worldwide prevalence of obesity is more than doubled in between 1980 and 2015. The objectives of present study are to observe whether obese women have an increased risk of pregnancy related complications and adverse fetal outcome and also to compare pregnancy outcomes in different classes of BMI in obese group.Methods: A prospective observational study conducted in OBG department JSS Hospital, Mysore from November 2014 to July 2016. All pregnant women attending OPD and inpatients of antenatal wards were screened for pre-pregnancy BMI. Total number of singleton births were 5727 in our institution. Out of which 314 obese pregnant women were included in the study group, remaining 5413 non-obese pregnant mothers were taken as control group respectively. They are closely monitored in every antenatal visit for development of complications such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, increased rate of caesarean section and presence of macrosomia (B.wt >3.5kg).Results: In comparison to normal BMI pregnant women, obese mothers had an increased risk of gestational hypertension (16.9% versus 2.0%, OR-2.3) gestational diabetes mellitus (35.7% versus 3.1%, OR-2.84), preeclampsia (23.9% versus 5%,0R-1.64) cesarean sections (75.2% versus 65.4%), macrosomia (45.9% versus 22%, OR-1.64), it was also found that as BMI increases the incidence of these complications increase as seen in different classes of obese population.Conclusions: Pregnancy associated with obesity is considered as a high-risk pregnancy and obesity being a modifiable risk factor, educating women in early pregnancy and preconceptional counseling regarding harmful effects of obesity and information regarding appropriate gestational weight gain is essential. 

scholarly journals Development of a fasting blood glucose-based strategy to diagnose women with gestational diabetes mellitus at increased risk of adverse outcomes in a COVID-19 environment

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243192
Author(s):  
Michael d’Emden ◽  
Donald McLeod ◽  
Jacobus Ungerer ◽  
Charles Appleton ◽  
David Kanowski
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objective To evaluate the role of fasting blood glucose (FBG) to minimise the use of the oral glucose tolerance test in pregnancy (POGTT) for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Research design and methods We analysed the POGTTs of 26,242 pregnant women in Queensland, Australia, performed between 1 January 2015 and 30 June 2015. A receiver operator characteristics (ROC) assessment was undertaken to indicate the FBG level that most effectively identified women at low risk of an abnormal result. Results There were 3,946 (15.0%) patients having GDM with 2,262 (8.6%) having FBG ≥ 5.1mmol/l. The ROC identified FBG levels >4.6mmol/l having the best specificity (77%) and sensitivity (54%) for elevated 1 and/or 2hr BGLs. There were 19,321 (73.7%) women having FBG < 4.7mmol/l with a prevalence of GDM of 4.0%, less than 1/3rd the overall rate. Only 4,638 (17.7%) women having FBGs from 4.7–5.0mmol/l would require further evaluation to confirm or exclude the diagnosis. Conclusion This contemporary study of women across the state of Queensland, Australia suggests the FBG can be used effectively to define glucose tolerance in pregnancy, minimising their contact with pathology laboratories and potential exposure to the corona virus. This analysis, used in conjunction with outcome data from the HAPO study, provides reassurance to women and their health professionals that FBG < 4.7mmol/l has both a low rate of abnormal glucose tolerance and minimal adverse pregnancy-associated complications.

scholarly journals The Therapeutic Effect of Zuogui Wan in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuwei Wang ◽  
Qianjin Feng ◽  
Xin Niu ◽  
Xinshe Liu ◽  
Kaixia Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Group

In this experiment, we established an animal model of gestational diabetes mellitus rats using streptozotocin. Using the rat model of GDM, the pregnant rats in 1-19d were divided into three groups: (1) Zuogui Wan gestational diabetes mellitus group (group I,n=12), (2) gestational diabetes mellitus rats as the control group (group II,n=11), and (3) rats of normal pregnancy group (group III,n=11). Compared with gestational diabetes mellitus rats as the control group, Zuogui Wan can change the indexes of fasting blood glucose, body weight, total cholesterol, insulin, and metabolism cage index significantly in Zuogui Wan gestational diabetes mellitus group. We can conclude that Zuogui Wan has the therapeutic effect on gestational diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Serum Zinc and Copper Levels in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzana Akonjee Mishu ◽  
MA Muttalib ◽  
Bilkis Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The term gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is becoming a major health problem in developing countries undergoing rapid changes in lifestyle, dietary habits and body mass index. GDM is associated with an increased incidence of congenital abnormalities which is also aggravated by mother’s zinc and copper deficiency. Zinc and copper are essential trace elements for normal embryogenesis and fetal growth and their deficiency increase mortality and morbidity of mothers, embryos and neonates. This study was designed to evaluate the association of serum zinc and copper with GDM in second and third trimester.Methods: It was a case-control study. This study was conducted in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital during the period from July 2013 to June 2014 to evaluate the association of zinc and copper levels of pregnant women with GDM. A total induded of 172 subjects were participated in this study; among them 86 women diagnosed with GDM were selected as case (Group-I) and 86 healthy pregnant women were control (Group- II).The case group was again subdivided as Group Ia and Ib according to second and third trimester respectively. Control group was also subdivided as Group IIa and IIb according to second and third trimester respectively. Student’s unpaired ‘t’ test was used to analyse the data between groups. For analytical purpose 95% confidence limit (p<0.05) was taken as level of significance.Results: There was significant difference in serum zinc and copper levels in cases compared to control group. Highly significant difference (p<0.001) was found when serum zinc was compared between women with GDM and normoglycemic pregnant women in second and third trimester. Serum copper level was significantly increased in cases compared to control group in second trimester and the difference was found highly significant (p<0.001) and significant difference (p<0.01) was found in GDM compared to normoglycemic pregnant women in third trimester.Birdem Med J 2018; 8(1): 52-55

scholarly journals The association between soy intake and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Biru Luo ◽  
Jie Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Abstract Background The association between soy intake and adverse pregnancy outcomes remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to investigate the soy consumption of pregnant women in the second trimester and explore the prospective association between soy intake and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods Pregnant women between 13 and 24 weeks of gestation were recruited at a women’s and children’s hospital in southwest China from June to December 2019. Dietary intakes in the middle trimester were assessed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Participants were divided into the insufficient group (< 40 g/day) and the control group (≥40 g/day) according to daily soy consumption. Participants were followed up until delivery. Pregnancy outcomes including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), cesarean section, and macrosomia were obtained. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the association between soy intake and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Sociodemographic information, histories of diseases, and duration of physical activities were obtained and used for covariate adjustments. Results A total of 224 participants were included in this study, of which identified 36 (16.1%) cases of GDM, and 120 (53.6%) cases of cesarean section. More than half (125, 55.8%) pregnant women consumed less soy than 40 g/day. Daily soy intake less than 40 g was associated with the increased risk of GDM (OR = 2.755 95%CI 1.230-6.174, P = 0.014) and cesarean section (OR = 1.792 95%CI 1.035-3.101, P = 0.037) without adjustment for confounders such as age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, parity, daily intake of vegetables, fruits, seafood and, nuts. After adjusting for these factors, daily soy intake of less than 40 g increased 2.116-fold risk of GDM (95%CI 1.228-7.907, P = 0.017), but not with the significantly increased risk of cesarean section. Conclusion Insufficient soy intake may increase the risk of GDM, suggesting adequate soy intake may have a beneficial role in the prevention of GDM. Trial registration Registration number: ChiCTR1900023721. Date of registration: June 9, 2019.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Physical Exercise and Health Outcomes

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Snapp ◽  
Sue K. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Maternal Exercise

Purpose: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a serious complication of pregnancy associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes for both mother and infant. This study assesses the association of maternal exercise during GDM pregnancy and selected maternal and infant adverse GDM-related outcomes. The analysis uses information derived from the 1988 National Maternal Infant Health Survey (NMIHS) data. Methods: Women in the 1988 NMIHS database were identified and grouped as to having experienced a non-GDM (n = 2,952,482) or GDM (n = 105,600) pregnancy. Non-GDM and GDM groups were compared as to demographic and personal-attribute variables. The second part of this study focused on the women with GDM pregnancy, specifically a subset (n = 75,160) who met inclusion/exclusion criteria for the study of exercise during pregnancy. Each was categorized to either the exercise group or the nonexercise group. Results: The non-GDM and GDM groups of pregnant women were not different as to the variables studied, except that older age and increased body mass index (BMI) were associated with GDM pregnancy. For the study of exercise during GDM pregnancy, the only variable that was associated with the exercise group was size of the infant. Participants in the exercise group were less likely than those in the nonexercise group to have delivered a large for gestational age (LGA) infant (F [1, 4314] = 9.82, p = .0017). Implications: The results of this study suggest that moderate maternal leisure time physical exercise during GDM pregnancy may reduce the risk of delivery of an LGA infant.

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