scholarly journals Nutritive efficiencies of lactalbumin and wheat gluten at very low levels of intake in adult rats.

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuichi MIYATANI ◽  
Kyoichi KISHI ◽  
Kayoko TAKAHASHI ◽  
Fusako ZUSHI
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Low Levels

scholarly journals The effect of amino-acid-supplemented wheat gluten on cholesterol metabolism in the rat

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bassat ◽  
S. Mokady
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Low Levels

1. The effect of lysine- and threonine-supplemented wheat gluten on cholesterol metabolism was studied using male weanling rats. Animals were fed on cholesterol-free diets containing 100 or 200 g gluten/kg with or without amino acid supplementation, and compared with animals given 50, 100 and 200 g casein/kg diets, for 3 weeks.2. A hypocholesterolaemic effect observed with the wheat gluten-fed rats, compared with the animals given 100 and 200 g casein/kg diets, was accompanied by increased turnover of cholesterol as expressed by enhanced cholesterol biosynthesis and increased faecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acids. This effect was not abolished by lysine and threonine supplementation.3. Low levels of blood cholesterol were also observed in the rats fed on the 50 g casein/kg diet. However, a different mechanism, related to impairment of cholesterol transport from the liver, was most likely responsible for the hypocholesterolaemia found in these protein-malnourished animals.4. The effect on cholesterol metabolism produced by dietary wheat gluten was independent of the low quality of the protein and of its specific deficiency in lysine and threonine.

Utilization of Wheat Gluten by Adult Rats of Two Ages

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Womack ◽  
M. W. Marshall ◽  
H. E. Hildebrand
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Adult Rats

THE EFFECTS OF SOME DIETARY DERIVED LIPIDS AND FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS ON RAT SERUM TRIBUTYRINASE AND ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-313
Author(s):  
Jack D. Taylor ◽  
Neil B. Madsen ◽  
Jules Tuba
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins ◽  
Increased Activity

Synthetic diets were fed to adult rats for four weeks to determine the effects of dietary stearic acid, oleic acid, glycerol, Crisco, and vitamins, A, D, and E on the activity of serum alkaline phosphatase and serum tributyrinase. On a diet devoid of fats or fatty acids, the rats manifested abnormally low enzyme levels, which for serum alkaline phosphatase fell to values characteristic of starvation. Basal levels of the two enzymes, obtained with a fat free diet, were not altered by the ingestion of glycerol or vitamins A, D, and E. Dietary stearic acid, oleic acid, and Crisco, each significantly increased activity of phosphatase and tributyrinase and it would appear that both enzymes are concerned with intestinal absorption of fatty acids. The effect of oleic acid was most pronounced with both enzymes. The rats all gained weight during the tests so none of the variations in enzyme levels can be attributed to inanition. After the dietary test periods, all groups were starved for one week. Serum phosphatase values fell to the same constant low levels for all animals. Tributyrinase values rose towards levels which suggest that the enzyme is concerned with mobilization of depot fats during periods of fasting.

Differential effects of FSH and testosterone on the maintenance of spermatogenesis in the adult hypophysectomized rat

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. S. Bartlett ◽  
G. F. Weinbauer ◽  
E. Nieschlag
Keyword(s):  
Silicone Elastomer ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
Testosterone Treatment ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Pachytene Spermatocytes

ABSTRACT In order to clarify further the role of FSH in the maintenance of spermatogenesis, adult rats were treated with purified human FSH (2 × 5 IU/day per rat), testosterone (1·5 cm silicone elastomer implant) or a combination of both hormones for 2 weeks following hypophysectomy. After hypophysectomy alone, no elongate spermatids were observed and the numbers of pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids observed were reduced when compared with untreated controls. Testosterone supplementation alone qualitatively maintained the formation of elongate spermatids in most seminiferous tubules, whilst in FSH-treated rats increased numbers of round spermatids and pachytene spermatocytes were observed when compared with hypophysectomized animals. Formation of elongate spermatids, however, did not occur under FSH treatment alone. A combination of FSH and testosterone treatment maintained spermatogenesis in an almost quantitative fashion. Numbers of pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids were maintained at about 80% of levels seen in intact control animals. Treatment with FSH or testosterone alone maintained testis weights at significantly higher levels than those seen in hypophysectomized controls (FSH, 0·79 ± 0·05 g; testosterone, 0·81 ± 0·07 g; hypophysectomized, 0·50 ± 0·04 g). Animals treated with FSH and testosterone showed testis weights 20% below control values (1·22 ± 0·05 vs 1·51 ± 0·06 g; P <0·05). No increases in intratesticular or intratubular androgen concentrations or in testosterone: dihydrotestosterone ratios were observed in any of the hormone-treated groups when compared with hypophysectomized controls. In all hypophysectomized animals testicular androgen concentrations were reduced to <5% of control values. The results obtained in this study suggest that FSH is involved in the maintenance of spermatogenesis in the adult rat and that the effects of FSH are not mediated through changes in intratesticular androgens. Low levels of testosterone in combination with FSH can almost quantitatively maintain spermatogenesis in adult rats. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 121, 49–58

Distribution and ontogeny of thyrotropin-releasing hormone degrading enzymes in rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (6) ◽  
pp. E787-E791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Fuse ◽  
D. H. Polk ◽  
R. W. Lam ◽  
A. L. Reviczky ◽  
D. A. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Brain Cortex ◽  
Prolyl Endopeptidase ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Peptidase Activity ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Endopeptidase Activity ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Lung And Kidney

The distribution and ontogeny of tissue prolyl endopeptidase and pyroglutamyl peptidase I activities were studied in the rat from the 7th day before birth to adulthood. While low levels of prolyl endopeptidase activity were demonstrable in many fetal tissues, activity in brain cortex, hypothalamus, lung, and kidney increased dramatically during the 2 wk after birth, gradually returning to adult levels. In adult rats, levels of tissue prolyl endopeptidase activity were highest in kidney, when compared with the intermediate levels in brain cortex, hypothalamus, and liver. Pyroglutamyl peptidase activity was widely distributed in adult rat tissues with high levels in kidney and liver that exceeded intermediate levels in brain cortex and hypothalamus. Pyroglutamyl peptidase activities in fetal gut, brain, and lung tissue were elevated above adult values. In contrast to the development changes in prolyl endopeptidase activities, pyroglutamyl peptidase activity remained elevated above adult levels only during the first week of life. These results indicate that both prolyl endopeptidase and pyroglutamyl peptidase activities in the rat are developmentally regulated.

Cytochrome P-450 and Hydroxylating Activity of Microsomes from Fetal Gonads of the Horse Equus caballus

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 114-115
Author(s):  
A. González-Angulo ◽  
G. Martínez-Zedillo ◽  
P. Hernández-Jáuregui
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cell Organelle ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Liver Cytochrome ◽  
Mammalian Liver ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Developing Rat ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

Cytochrome P-450 has been shown to participate as a terminal oxidase in mixed-function oxidations in mammalian liver. Cytochrome P-450 has also been detected in human liver and this organ has been regarded as the tissue with the highest hydroxylating activity. Isolated reports describing determination of cytochrome P-450 in developing rat liver tissue has revealed minor quantities of this hemoprotein. Determinations of cytochrome P-450 in testes of adult rats yielded low levels of this enzyme complex. On the other hand, ultrastructural studies on the morphology of fetal gonads both male and female, of E. caballus have revealed that the increase in size of these gonads is due to a proliferation of interstitial cells rich in smooth endoplasmic reticulum with clear evidence of continuous neoformation of this cell organelle.

Cholestasis is associated with preproenkephalin mRNA expression in the adult rat liver

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (2) ◽  
pp. G346-G354 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Bergasa ◽  
S. L. Sabol ◽  
W. S. Young ◽  
D. E. Kleiner ◽  
E. A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Northern Blotting ◽  
Cholestatic Liver Disease ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Bile Duct Resection ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Hepatocellular Necrosis ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Experimental Findings

Cholestatic liver disease is associated with clinical and experimental findings consistent with increased opioidergic neuromodulation, increased plasma total opioid activity, and elevated plasma enkephalin concentrations. In contrast to the normal adult rat liver, preproenkephalin mRNA was detected by Northern blotting in livers of adult rats with cholestasis due to bile duct resection and not in the sham-resected controls. Preprodynorphin mRNA was not detected in livers of either group, while preproopiomelanocortin mRNA was found in very low levels in both groups. Preproenkephalin mRNA was not expressed in the livers of rats with acute hepatocellular necrosis induced by thioacetamide. Hybridization histochemistry of cholestatic livers demonstrated the presence of preproenkephalin mRNA primarily over cells in the periportal areas, some of which appeared to be proliferating bile ductular cells. Immunohistochemical staining of cholestatic liver indicated the production of at least Met-enkephalin in association with preproenkephalin gene expression. These findings suggest that the liver itself, by synthesizing enkephalins, contributes directly to the abnormalities of the opioid system reported in cholestasis.

Osteonectin is a minor component of mineralized connective tissues in rat

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Zung ◽  
Carmelo Domenicucci ◽  
Safia Wasi ◽  
Fumiyuki Kuwata ◽  
Jaro Sodek
Keyword(s):  
Minor Component ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Virtual Absence ◽  
Mineralized Tissues ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
A Minor

Osteonectin is a major glycoprotein of porcine and bovine bones and teeth that is found associated with hydroxylapatite crystal surfaces. From the ability of osteonectin to bind calcium ions, it has been proposed as a possible nucleator of hydroxylapatite crystal formation. Analysis of hydroxylapatite-bound proteins of rat bone and dentine, however, has revealed that osteonectin represents only 2.5 ± 1.5% of the hydroxylapatite-bound protein in long bones, 0.9 ± 0.5% in calvariae, and < 0.1% in incisor dentine of animals of different ages. Further, in vivo pulse–chase studies carried out in young adult rats have shown osteonectin to be synthesized at low levels in these tissues. Similarly, low levels of osteonectin were synthesized by rat calvarial cells in vitro. In contrast, fibroblastic cells from periodontal ligament and gingiva synthesized significantly greater amounts of osteonectin. These studies indicate that the low quantities of osteonectin in rat mineralized tissues are a consequence of low rates of formation rather than being due to rapid turnover. The virtual absence of osteonectin in incisor dentine correlates with the lack of peritubular dentine in rat, whereas the low osteonectin content of rat bones may reflect differences in their structure and biophysical properties compared with bones of larger mammals.

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