Механизмы устойчивости к фунгицидам фитопатогенного гриба Fusarium graminearum

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 391-403
Author(s):  
Г. Д. Соколова ◽  
А. П. Глинушкин
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum

Detoxification of zearalenone produced by Fusarium graminearum by purified tannase from Citrobacter freundii

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-008
Author(s):  
Nsayef Muslim Sahira ◽  
◽  
N. Mahammed Alaa ◽  
M.S. AL_Kadmy Israa ◽  
Nsayef Muslim Sraa
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Citrobacter Freundii

Einfluss der Vorfrucht auf das Fusarium-Spektrum und die Mykotoxinkontamination in Körnern von Winterweizen

2011 ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
Ruben Gödecke ◽  
Andreas von Tiedemann
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum

In dreijährigen Fruchtfolgeversuchen an zwei Standorten nördlich von Göttingen wurde der Einfluss der Vorfrüchte Mais, Zuckerrübe und Weizen auf den Ährenbefall, die Mykotoxinbelastung und die Zusammensetzung der Fusariumpopulation an Ähren in der Folgefrucht Winterweizen untersucht. In den Versuchsjahren 2007, 2008 und 2009 traten witterungsbedingt unterschiedliche Bedingungen für Fusarium-Ähreninfektionen in Weizen auf. Beim Vergleich der gewichteten Faktoreffekte zeigte sich die dominierende Bedeutung der Witterung auf den Mykotoxingehalt in den Körnern. Die Deoxynivalenolgehalte auf beiden Standorten unterschieden sich signifikant, die relativen Standorteffekte waren unabhängig von den Versuchsjahren. Im Gegensatz dazu variierten die Faktoreffekte der drei Vorfruchtvarianten Mais, Winterweizen und Zuckerrübe zwischen den Befallsjahren. In einem durchschnittlichen Befallsjahr wie 2009 war eine Differenzierung zwischen allen drei Vorfruchtvarianten möglich. In einem Starkbefallsjahr wie 2007 unterschieden sich die Getreideproben aus den Vorfruchtvarianten Zuckerrübe und Winterweizen hinsichtlich ihres Mykotoxingehaltes jedoch nicht signifikant, eine Differenzierung war nur zu den Proben der Vorfruchtvariante Mais möglich. Die Zusammensetzung der Pilzpopulation an den Ähren zeigte, dass Fusarium graminearum unabhängig von der Vorfrucht und dem Jahreseffekt als Leitpathogen auftrat. Aus den vorliegenden Untersuchungen kann gefolgert werden, dass die relative Vorfruchtwirkung von Zuckerrübe und Weizen auf den Mykotoxingehalt in der Folgefrucht Winterweizen von der saisonalen Jahreswitterung und dem daraus resultierenden Befallsdruck mit Ährenfusarium abhängig ist. Die Ursachen, die in Risikojahren zu unerwartet erhöhten Mykotoxingrenzwerten auch nach Zuckerrüben führen können, müssen im Einzelnen noch aufgeklärt werden.

Perithecium Formation and Ascospore Discharge in Fusarium graminearum

BIO-PROTOCOL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Guo ◽  
Wan-Qian Wei ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Wei-Hua Tang
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Ascospore Discharge

scholarly journals Identification of Putative Virulence Genes by DNA Methylation Studies in the Cereal Pathogen Fusarium graminearum

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1192
Author(s):  
Francesco Tini ◽  
Giovanni Beccari ◽  
Gianpiero Marconi ◽  
Andrea Porceddu ◽  
Micheal Sulyok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Fungal Virulence ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Conidia Production ◽  
Natural Hosts

DNA methylation mediates organisms’ adaptations to environmental changes in a wide range of species. We investigated if a such a strategy is also adopted by Fusarium graminearum in regulating virulence toward its natural hosts. A virulent strain of this fungus was consecutively sub-cultured for 50 times (once a week) on potato dextrose agar. To assess the effect of subculturing on virulence, wheat seedlings and heads (cv. A416) were inoculated with subcultures (SC) 1, 23, and 50. SC50 was also used to re-infect (three times) wheat heads (SC50×3) to restore virulence. In vitro conidia production, colonies growth and secondary metabolites production were also determined for SC1, SC23, SC50, and SC50×3. Seedling stem base and head assays revealed a virulence decline of all subcultures, whereas virulence was restored in SC50×3. The same trend was observed in conidia production. The DNA isolated from SC50 and SC50×3 was subject to a methylation content-sensitive enzyme and double-digest, restriction-site-associated DNA technique (ddRAD-MCSeEd). DNA methylation analysis indicated 1024 genes, whose methylation levels changed in response to the inoculation on a healthy host after subculturing. Several of these genes are already known to be involved in virulence by functional analysis. These results demonstrate that the physiological shifts following sub-culturing have an impact on genomic DNA methylation levels and suggest that the ddRAD-MCSeEd approach can be an important tool for detecting genes potentially related to fungal virulence.

scholarly journals Screening of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) Italian Cultivars for Susceptibility to Fusarium Head Blight Incited by Fusarium graminearum

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Gaetano Bentivenga ◽  
Alfio Spina ◽  
Karim Ammar ◽  
Maria Allegra ◽  
Santa Olga Cacciola
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Italian Origin

In 2009, a set of 35 cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) of Italian origin was screened for fusarium head blight (FHB) susceptibility at CIMMYT (Mexico) and in the 2019–20 cropping season, 16 of these cultivars, which had been included in the Italian National Plant Variety Register, were tested again in southern and northern Italy. Wheat cultivars were artificially inoculated during anthesis with a conidial suspension of Fusarium graminearum sensu lato using a standard spray inoculation method. Inoculum was a mixture of mono-conidial isolates sourced in the same areas where the trials were performed. Isolates had been characterized on the basis of morphological characteristics and by DNA PCR amplification using a specific primer set and then selected for their virulence and ability to produce mycotoxins. The susceptibility to FHB was rated on the basis of the disease severity, disease incidence and FHB index. Almost all of the tested cultivars were susceptible or very susceptible to FHB with the only exception of “Duprì”, “Tiziana” and “Dylan” which proved to be moderately susceptible. The susceptibility to FHB was inversely correlated with the plant height and flowering biology, the tall and the late heading cultivars being less susceptible.

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