scholarly journals Growth features of different forms of scots pine in the shrub-sphagnum forest type estuary of the Onega River

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-169
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Pinaevskaya ◽  
Sergey N. Tarkhanov ◽  
Aleksandr S. Pakhov
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Northern Taiga ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Growth Features

Pinus sylvestris L. is the main tree species of forest ecosystems in the European North of Russia, therefore, in-depth studies of the diversity of forms and growth processes of this plant are important. Forms in pine stand out according to morphological and other characteristics. In conditions of prolonged excessive soil moisture, the joint growth of various forms of pine is observed. The aim of the work is to study the growth of various forms of pine according to morphostructural characteristics in the shrub-sphagnum forest type estuary of the Onega River. Investigations of tree growth (according to the form of seed cone scales apophysis and crown habit) were carried out in shrub-sphagnum pine forests of different ages in the north-west of the European part of Russia (northern taiga subzone). Morphometric measurements of the vegetative and generative spheres in the forms of scots pine were made. It is established that the advantage in morphometric characteristics, average values ​​of radial growth, late and early wood has a pine tree with a «convex» apophysis form. The advantage with respect to the morphometric characteristics of the trunk and crown is form with «ordinary» crown habit. The «ordinary» form has larger cones, a larger value of radial growth and macrostructural parameters of wood compared to the «swamp».

scholarly journals Specifics of boglands freezing in the north and northwest of the European part of Russia under climate change

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-244
Author(s):  
V. I. Batuev ◽  
I. L. Kalyuzhny
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Climatic Period ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Freezing Depth ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Cover Thickness

Long-term complex observations covering the period of 1949–2018 made possible to determine the average annual characteristics of the depth of freezing of wetlands in the North and Northwest of the European territory of Russia together with main factors of its formation, and spatial and temporal variability. The main factors that determine the depth of freezing of wetlands are ambient temperature, snow cover thickness, and a degree of watering of the micro landscape (water reserves of the micro landscape). At the initial stage of freezing, the major factor is the ambient temperature, when intensity of the freezing reaches 0.5–0.8 cm/day. As snow falls, the freezing rate becomes smaller, and when the snow cover thickness reaches 25–30 cm the depth amounts to 0.2–0.3 cm/day and smaller. It was found that the spatial variability of the freezing depth decreases from large values of the coefficient of variation (0.3–0.4) at the depth of 20–30 cm to less than 0.1 when the depth exceeds 60 cm. The largest values of the depth are recorded in the North of the Kola Peninsula, where sometimes they reach from 84 to 97 cm with the average values of 48–66. In large hummocky bogs, when the seasonal freezing comes down to 63–65 cm it links with the permafrost layer. On average, swamps of these bogs freeze down to a depth of 68 cm. The average climatic depth of freezing of oligotrophic bogs of the NorthWest is 21–24 cm; in some years, freezing of them reaches 32–40 cm. It has been shown that the relative warming of the climate resulted in decreasing in the depth of freezing of wetlands in the North and North-West of the European territory of Russia. Relative to the previous climatic period, the depth of frost penetration in the northern Ilasskoye bog decreased by 32%, and in north-western Lammin-Suo bog – by 31%.

scholarly journals New localities of rare for the Arkhangelsk region speciesin the Lyamitsky landscape of the Onega peninsula

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-442
Author(s):  
Oleg Morozov ◽  
Olga Markova
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Northern Taiga ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
North West ◽  
Arkhangelsk Region ◽  
The North ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Living Organisms

The Onega Peninsula is located in the north-west of Russia in the Arkhangelsk Region, juts out into the White Sea, is located in an area of a transitional climate from an oceanic to a continental temperate climatic zone, belongs to the central sector of the northern taiga zone. The flora and fauna of the peninsula are very diverse. A significant part of natural complexes is highly preserved and is ideal for biosphere monitoring. In connection with intensive industrial logging on the peninsula, there is a need to identify rare species of living organisms and determine measures for their protection. The article provides data on the finds of habitats of 11 rare species discovered by the author during field routes along the Lyamitsky landscape in the period from 2009 to 2020. Finds of 10 out of 11 species have not been previously published. In 2020, the state of a group of individuals of 1 of 11 species that had not yet formed a stable population was reexamined, the find of which was previously published. This species (derbyanka spikate) is new for the Arkhangelsk and all adjacent regions and needs to be entered into the Red Book of the Arkhangelsk Region, which includes the remaining 10 species. 4 species of them are also included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. The finds of the species belong to the lands of different purposes: to the forbidden zone of forests and to the lands of the forest fund leased by a logging company. The article discusses the number of discovered species and such a limiting factor as logging. The assessment of the feasibility of measures for the protection of species has been carried out. It was revealed that some of them (splachnums) increase in number due to felling, the number of others is not threatened by felling (common viper, etc.), to preserve the number of the third, special protection measures are required (pulmonary lobaria, truncated horn, etc.). The information obtained is processed cartographically using geoinformation technologies and can be used to replenish the database of the Red Book species and to organize their protection.

scholarly journals New form of Lonicera nigra L. (Caprifoliaceae) is found in the environs of village Privetninskoe in Leningrad Region (Russia)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. Бялт ◽  
В.В. Бялт
Keyword(s):  
European Part ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Latin Diagnosis ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
New Form ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Village

В статье даны название и описание новой для науки формы жимолости чёрной – Lonicera nigra L. f. purpurea A.V. Byalt & V.V. Byalt f. nova. (Caprifoliaceae), обнаруженной в окрестностях поселка Приветнинское Ленинградской области. Растение имеет характерные пурпурные листья. Приведена информация о месте произрастания, отличии новой формы от близких таксонов (составлен латинский диагноз), указаны типовые образцы (голотип и изотип) и место их хранения (Гербарий БИН РАН – LE). Декоративность новой формы позволяет рекомендовать её для озеленения в культуре в г. Санкт-Петербурге и других городах Северо-Запада Европейской части России, как и сам вид, хорошо адаптировавшийся в регионе. Статья иллюстрирована 3 фотографиями и картой. In the article a new for science form of black honeysuckle – Lonicera nigra L. f. purpurea A.V. Byalt & V.V. Byalt f. nova (Caprifoliaceae) was found in the vicinity of the village Privetninskoye, Leningrad region, it differs by very characteristic purple leaves. Information is given on the place of growth, the difference between a new form from close taxa (Latin diagnosis is given) and the type specimens (holotype and isotype) and their storage sites are indicated. The decorativeness of the new form allows us to recommend it for gardening in culture in St. Petersburg and other cities of the North-West of the European part of Russia, as well as the species itself, which is well adapted in the region. The article is illustrated with 3 photos and a map.

Clinicogenetic characteristic of patients with mucoviscidosis in the saratov region

1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-200
Author(s):  
E. A. Sirotkin
Keyword(s):  
European Part ◽  
The South ◽  
Saratov Region ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Genetic Examination ◽  
South Of Europe

As many as 52 families having patients with mucoviscidosis (2 : 100000 inhabitants) live in the Saratov region. The molecular and genetic examination was performed in 38 children. 52,6% of chromosomes in patients with mucoviscidosis carry the mutation del F508, 47,4% of chromosomes carry other mutations. 28,9% of them have homoxygotes, 47,4% have homozygomes by the mutation del F508, and 23,7% of patients with both rare or unknown mutations. The mixed mucoviscidosis form is revealed in 92,1% of children, the pulmonary one is revealed in 5,3% of children and the enteric one is revealed in 2,6% of children. It is shown that the incidence of mucoviscidosis corresponds to the assumed incidence for the European part of Russia: the level of chromosomes carrying the mutation del F508 is lower than in the countries of west Europe but higher than in the south of Europe and in the north-west of Russia.

scholarly journals Methodology of estimation of forest-growing potential of soils and its approbation on the example of the Leningrad Region, Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 02028
Author(s):  
Boris Aparin ◽  
Maria Zakharova ◽  
Elena Sukhacheva ◽  
Vitaly Terleev ◽  
Aleksandr Nikonorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Plain ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Taiga Forest ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Progressive Growth

A progressive growth of anthropogenic soils and non-soil formations in the soil cover of the taiga forest zone and a general decrease in the ecological potential of soils necessitate the development of policies for the rational use of soil resources. The analysis of approaches to forest vegetation assessment of soils is carried out. The concepts of specific and resource potentials are introduced, and our own methodology for their assessment is developed. The methodology for calculating potentials was tested on the example of the Leningrad region, typical of the North-West of the European part of Russia and the North of the Russian Plain. Natural soil areas were calculated using a digital soil map. The analysis of changes in forest growing potential of soils is carried out from the beginning of intensive development of the territory to the modern period. These calculations can form the basis for assessing the potential contribution of the region to ensuring the reproduction of forest resources.

scholarly journals Systematics and distribution of spruce species in the North-West of Russia

Dendrobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 12-29
Author(s):  
Larisa Orlova ◽  
Galina Gussarova ◽  
Elena Glazkova ◽  
Alexander Egorov ◽  
Alexander Potokin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Northern Taiga ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
North West ◽  
The North

Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Siberian spruce (P. obovata) are among the most important forest-forming coniferous species in the boreal part of Eurasia. Despite numerous publications on the taxonomy of Norway spruce and closely related taxa (P. obovata Ledeb. and P. fennica (Regel) Kom.), the problem of their identification, as well as clarification of their taxonomic status, has not been solved so far. Species delimitation is particularly challenging when P. abies, P. obovata and P. fennica occur in sympatry. Our study aims to assess taxonomic value of proposed earlier and search for stable diagnostic characters of cones and their scales to distinguish Picea abies and its sympatric in the North-West of Russia P. fennica and P. obovata. In addition, we analyzed and updated information on geographical distribution and phytocenotic characteristics of the above-mentioned species in the North-West of the European part of Russia. We examined herbarium specimens and cones sampled from 88 trees from 22 Picea stands located throughout the study region. Each tree was represented on average by 5 cones, in total 415 cones were analyzed. Morphometric analyses included 16 morphological characters of cones and their scales selected based on our own observations and published data. Multivariate comparison had shown a large overlap between P. obovata and P. fennica, while individuals of P. abies formed a separate and less overlapping cluster. Among the six qualitative (discrete) characters, shape of seed scale and shape of its upper margin have non-overlapping frequency distributions and can separate P. abies and P. obovata. Several new diagnostic characters are proposed: morphology and size of bract scales and ratio of the size of seed scales and bract scales. Phytocenotic analysis showed that different spruce taxa occupy specific habitats, which in their turn connected with the latitudinal gradient: in normally drained habitats, Picea obovata is found mainly in poor shrubby-green-mossy forests, which are typical of the northern and middle parts of the Northern taiga; Picea abies – in richer green-mossy habitats (Vaccinioso-hylocomiosum, Oxalidoso-hylocomiosum, Hylocomiosum), which begin to occur already from the middle part of the Northern taiga. Picea fennica occupies both habitats.

scholarly journals The results of 35-years lodgepole pine tests in the European North of Russia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.А. Демидова ◽  
Т.М. Дуркина ◽  
Л.Г. Гоголева ◽  
Ю.С. Быков ◽  
А.А. Парамонов
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
European North

Цель исследований – оценка сохранности, роста и развития сосны скрученной в сравнении с сосной обыкновенной на экспериментальных плантациях в условиях Европейского Севера (Архангельская, Вологодская области и Республика Коми). Анализ хода роста сосны скрученной на плантациях Архангельской области в разных условиях выращивания показал, что сосна скрученная, не уступая в росте сосне обыкновенной, обгоняет ее величине текущего прироста: по высоте – в 1,2–1,5 раза, диаметру – в 1,4–2,0 раза; по объему и величине среднего прироста по объему – в 1,2–2,3 раза. Аналогичные результаты получены в Республике Коми. Лучшими по росту и сохранности в условиях Вологодской области оказались деревья более южного канадского происхождения (55–58 с.ш.), которые превосходят сосну обыкновенную в росте как по диаметру, так и по высоте в 1,2 раза. Авторами отмечено, что с возрастом тенденция превосходства сосны скрученной над сосной обыкновенной сохранилась, но ее рост замедлился. Быстрый рост и интенсивное накопление фитомассы с первых лет жизни делает сосну скрученную менее устойчивой по отношению к ветровой и снеговой нагрузке, особенно на плодородных почвах и склонах. По результатам многолетнего выращивания сосны скрученной на Европейском Севере России авторами не было замечено ее естественное возобновление, что не влечет опасности загрязнения наших лесов инородной породой. С начала закладки первых опытных посадок прошел значительный промежуток времени (более 30 лет), в связи с этим, можно судить о перспективности промышленного выращивания сосны скрученной в условиях Северо-запада России. По результатам проведенных исследований сделан вывод, что Архангельская, Вологодская и Республика Коми являются перспективными районами для выращивания сосны скрученной (Pinus contorta Loud. var. latifolia S. Wats.), что подтверждает отечественный опыт выращивания данной породы в регионах Северо-запада России. Именно здесь она превосходит местные виды по производительности. The aim of the study is to assess the survival, growth and development of lodgepole pine in comparison with the Scots pine on the experimental plantations on the European North of Russia (the Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions, and the Komi Republic). The growth analysis of lodgepole pine on the plantations in the Arkhangelsk region in different growing conditions showed that the lodgepole pine, overtakes Scots pine in terms of the current growth: in height  1.2–1.5 times, in diameter  1.4–2.0 times; in volume and size of the average growth by volume  1.2–2.3 times. Similar results were obtained in the Republic of Komi. The best in terms of growth and survival in the Vologda region were trees of more southern Canadian origin (55–58° N), which exceed the Scots pine in growth both in diameter and in height by 1.2 times. We should note that with age, the tendency of the superiority of lodgepole pine over Scots pine has remained, but the growth of lodgepole pine has slowed. The fast growth and intensive accumulation of phytomass from the first years of life make the lodgepole pine less resistant to wind and snow loads, especially on fertile soils and slopes. According to the results of long-term cultivation of lodgepole pine in the European North of Russia we did not notice its natural regeneration that does not involve the danger of contamination of our forests by alien species. A significant period of time (more than 30 years) has passed since the beginning of the first lodgepole pine experimental planting, therefore, one can judge the prospects of its industrial cultivation in the north-west of Russia. Based on the results of the conducted studies, it was concluded that the Arkhangelsk and Vologda Regions and Komi Republic are perspective areas for Pinus contorta Loud var. latifolia S. Wats. cultivation, that is confirmed with domestic experience of this species cultivation in the regions of North-West of Russia. It superiors the native species by productivity in this area.

Radial Growth of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Lichen Pine Forests and Woodlands of the Northern Taiga

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-223
Author(s):  
V. V. Gorshkov ◽  
N. I. Stavrova ◽  
P. N. Katjutin ◽  
A. Yu. Lyanguzov
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Northern Taiga ◽  
Pine Forests

SEM and TEM observations of sperm development in the testis of the freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
Daryl A. Cornish ◽  
George L. Smit
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Sem And Tem ◽  
Sperm Development ◽  
Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽  
The University

Oreochromis mossambicus is currently receiving much attention as a candidater species for aquaculture programs within Southern Africa. This has stimulated interest in its breeding cycle as well as the morphological characteristics of the gonads. Limited information is available on SEM and TEM observations of the male gonads. It is known that the testis of O. mossambicus is a paired, intra-abdominal structure of the lobular type, although further details of its characteristics are not known. Current investigations have shown that spermatids reach full maturity some two months after the female becomes gravid. Throughout the year, the testes contain spermatids at various stages of development although spermiogenesis appears to be maximal during November when spawning occurs. This paper describes the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of the testes and spermatids.Specimens of this fish were collected at Syferkuil Dam, 8 km north- west of the University of the North over a twelve month period, sacrificed and the testes excised.

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