Technical textiles for protection against Arc-flash fire: Savesplash®

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Nandan Kumar ◽  
Sainath Shrikant Pawaskar
Keyword(s):  
Attenuation Factor ◽  
Threshold Energy ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Technical Textiles ◽  
Flash Fire ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Arc Flash

Flash fire caused by electric arc is different than that caused by flammable liquids/fumes or combustible dusts. A suitable protective clothing for protection against electric arc-flash must be designed as per Indian weather conditions. Currently available garments are manufactured using two or three layers of woven/nonwoven combinations to achieve higher Hazard Risk Category (HRC) rating (level 3 and above). However, they are heavy and not comfortable to the end users. Savesplash® is a single layer inherent flame-retardant knitted fabric. Its arc rating was determined using ASTM standards. It achieved arc thermal performance value (ATPV) of 41 cal/cm2, breakopen threshold energy (E_BT) of 42 cal/cm2 and heat attenuation factor (HAF) of 94% when tested as per ASTM F1959/F1959M-14 which translated into an arc rating of 41 cal/cm2. This is equivalent to HRC level 4 ratings as per National Fire Protection Association’s NFPA 70E standard (USA). Further, cut and sewn gloves (HM-100) developed using Savesplash® fabric reinforced with leather on palm area achieved ATPV of 63 cal/cm2 and HAF of 94.5% when tested as per ASTM F2675/F2675M-13.

scholarly journals The Possibilities to Reduce Arc Flash Exposure with Arc Fault Eliminators

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1927
Author(s):  
Karol Nowak ◽  
Jerzy Janiszewski ◽  
Grzegorz Dombek
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Material ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Technical Personnel ◽  
Test Circuit ◽  
Arc Flash ◽  
Flash Exposure

This paper presents a method to limit the arc energy and hence the hazard risk category value according to IEEE 1584 by using a system of two oppositely connected multi-sectional thyristor branches. A test circuit for testing the effectiveness of a thyristor arc eliminator was designed and constructed. Arc ignition inside electrical switchgear can be a source of danger for technical personnel. The arc energy calculated according to the algorithms in IEEE 1584 can be significantly reduced by using multi-sectional arc eliminator MSAE. For the actual measuring object, the calculation of the hazardous arc flash zone and the hazard category was carried out for the system not equipped with an arc eliminator, and then the same was performed in a system with an arc eliminator. In parallel, the pressure inside the closed polyvinyl chloride (PVC) electrical box enclosure was measured and then compared with the calculated pressures that could occur during an arc fault. It was found that a Multi-Sectional Arc Eliminator (MSAE) effectively protects devices supplied from low voltage networks against the effects of short circuit or arc fault, such as the sudden increase of gas pressure inside the switchboard, which may cause it to break, significantly reduce the loss of electrode material, limit the spread of hot electrode material outside the switchgear, and also significantly reduces the energy of the electric arc.

scholarly journals Overview and perspective of nonwoven agrotextile

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Marasović ◽  
Dragana Kopitar
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Food Quantity ◽  
Technical Textiles ◽  
The World ◽  
Agricultural Applications

Agrotextile belongs to one of the twelve sectors of technical textiles covering textile products with application in agriculture, horticulture, cattle breeding and aquaculture as well in agro engineering. The significance of agrotextiles can be stated substantial all over the world since it has been proven to be very versatile and cost effective materials. Nonwoven agrotextiles are innovative products with special structural performances designed for agricultural applications and practices such as weed control, wind protection, frost cover fabric that is used for adjustment of weather conditions from the sudden changing of temperature and seasonal changes. Furthermore, common application of nonwoven agrotextiles are for reducing the sun radiation as well as thermal protection of plants as shade cloth, furthermore for preventing insect and other pests on crops, preventing soil drainage and sediment creation. All over the world, applications of nonwoven agrotextiles products in agriculture have shown great positive impacts on growth, production and protection of various crops and vegetables. Many studies have been proving that nonwoven agrotextile covers accelerate the growth and development of seedlings as well as their nutritive values. By preventing weed growth and insect protection, the use of herbicides and pesticides are reduced. Agrotextiles made of natural fibres can be considered as a potential candidate for replacing some of today’s popular synthetic agrotextiles which are becoming ecologically less acceptable nowadays. Usage of agrotextiles is one of the growing alternatives in today’s context with respect to the increase in global population thus food quantity and food quality and in the same time growing environmental concern. Sustainable socio-economic development considers natural fibre usage in agrotextile production in all possible areas covered by agrotextile application. The main purpose of the review is to give an overview and importance of nonwoven agrotextiles with indication of nonwoven agrotextile perspective in future.

Reducing arc flash Hazard/Risk Category (HRC) in mining shovels based on standard NFPA-70E

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo P. Wiechmann ◽  
Anibal S. Morales ◽  
Carlos I. Llanos ◽  
Rodrigo J. Zulueta ◽  
Pablo Aqueveque
Keyword(s):  
Risk Category ◽  
Hazard Risk ◽  
Arc Flash

Parameter analysis and modification of transmission loss models for multi-layered cavity walls

2021 ◽  
pp. 1351010X2098735
Author(s):  
Yaw-Shyan Tsay ◽  
Chuan-Hsuan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Attenuation Factor ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Cavity Wall ◽  
Predictive Capability ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Loss Models ◽  
Steel Stud

Multi-layer cavity wall (MCW) systems, which refer to each panel in the structure being made up of two or more layers of lightweight board, have become more widely used. However, unlike the detailed approaches that were available for predicting single-layer cavity walls (SCW), few studies have addressed the MCW involving different layers attached together. In this research, we applied two theoretical models of SCW, analyzed the key parameters and modify to have appropriate application for MCW. The predictive capability of the models was then evaluated by comparing them with results of experiment and commercial software. The results showed that Sharp’s model was suggested only when the thickness of the steel stud of about 0.75 mm. Through modifying the input values of the compliance of steel ( CM), attenuation factor ( F) and the limiting angle of incident (θ L) in Davy’s model, and the prediction of the proposed model showed great consistent with experiments.

scholarly journals IEEE 13-Node Incident Energy Analysis Using Online Platform

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARINA CAMPONOGARA ◽  
ANA PAULA GHESTI MARCHESAN ◽  
DANIEL PINHEIRO BERNARDON ◽  
RAFAEL GRESSLER MILBRADT ◽  
TIAGO BANDEIRA MARCHESAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incident Energy ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Boundary Values ◽  
Online Platform ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Arc Flash ◽  
Flash Event

The thermal hazard is considered the most significant hazard from an arc flash event. The protection against this type of hazard is associated with the assessment of incident energy, a study that aims to analyze the possibility of occurrence of an electric arc, the incident energy produced by it and the necessary protections so that the work in electricity is safe. An incident energy analysis is performed to the 634 bus of IEEE 13 Node system using the ATP Draw software to simulate a three-phase shot-circuit and an online platform that runs the IEEE Std 1584-2018 model is employed to obtain the incident energy levels and arc-flash boundary values for different durations of arcing event. As a closing, the personal protective equipment required for the different time scenarios are analyzed, according to the two approaches proposed in NFPA 70E-2021.

Evaluation of Ocular Hazards Due to Electric Arc Flash at an In-line Switch

1991 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ralph Chou ◽  
Anthony P. Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Electric Arc ◽  
Arc Flash
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