Social insecurity and the role of possessions : buying friends or replacing them?

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alexander Gunz
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Emotional Awareness ◽  
Coping Behaviors ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Social Insecurity ◽  
The University

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] This dissertation extends the literatures on coping and social anxiety by suggesting that people cope with social threats not just by directly trying to create (and restore) social relationships, but also by indirectly coping with the psychological fallout. It suggests that they do this by seeking hedonic product benefits that can salve emotional hurt, and by seeking product benefits that affirm unrelated aspects of the self concept. Two studies with different manipulations and outcome measures show that both manipulated and chronic forms of social anxiety can give rise to any of the above coping behaviors, and shows that the pursuit of these benefits is often moderated by relevant personality variables (e.g., entity theory and values-based transformations, emotional-awareness and hedonic transformations, and materialism and extrinsic transformations). These studies largely fail to replicate past findings that self-monitoring can moderate seeking social benefits. Finally, a new study by Lee and Shrum (2012) is discovered. A reanalysis of that paper's data suggests that there may be a critical role for implicit/explicit processing in consumers' deciding whether a given coping strategy is suitable. Applying this distinction to study 2's data generates a far more close-fitting description of its data.

Role of copper in defending against bacterial infection

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Erik Ladomersky
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Copper Proteins ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Copper is an essential nutrient. It plays an important role in development, pigmentation, neurological function, and immune defense. Copper deficiency is known to make host's more susceptible to infection. In this work we show that two copper proteins, ATP7A and ceruloplasmin, are important for host defense against bacterial infection. Studies have shown ATP7A is responsible for increasing copper concentrations inside the phagosome. Our study sheds light on the role of Atp7a and copper in adaptive immunity, and provide a biochemical model for understanding the relationship between copper malnutrition and susceptibility to infection. Iron, another essential nutrient, is linked with copper through the actions of copper-dependent proteins which play a role in maintaining normal iron levels in the blood. One of these proteins is ceruloplasmin, a protein that is also upregulated during infection. Our study sheds light onto why this protein is necessary for host defense against Salmonella infection.

Challenge stressors, hindrance stressors, and psychological strain : the role of appraisals and goal orientations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Timothy R. Moake
Keyword(s):  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Psychological Strain ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Transactional Theory ◽  
Learning Goal Orientation ◽  
The University

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] The challenge-hindrance stressor framework suggests that most workers experience challenge stressors positively and hindrance stressors negatively. However, research has shown that both types of stressors are positively related to psychological strain, a negative outcome. Using the transactional theory of stress, I examined whether and how individuals' appraisals of challenge and hindrance stressors and their goal orientations influence the positive relationships between both types of stressors and psychological strain. I surveyed 278 full-time employees from various occupations twice over a two-week span. My findings revealed that despite challenge stressors' positive conceptualization, individuals appraise them negatively as constraints. Additionally, I found that constraint appraisals are one mechanism that influences the positive relationship between challenge stressors and psychological strain. Lastly, my results also indicated that individuals with a stronger learning goal orientation are more likely to appraise both types of stressors as opportunities and individuals with a stronger performance-avoid goal orientation are more likely to appraise both types of stressors as constraints.

Determinants and consequences of private environmental regimes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Krisztina A. Pusok
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Environmental Politics ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Environmental Regimes ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The University

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] While the role of firms has been acknowledged in existent research in political economy, it has played a rather peripheral role in the study of environmental politics, specifically in understanding environmental governance. In this dissertation, I seek to identify what the role of the private sector is in pushing the global environmental agenda. Specifically, I seek to offer alternative explanations for why firms choose to form these regimes, by drawing on existent comparative and international relations literatures focusing on political economy, governance, and the role of non-state actors. Additionally, I discuss the conditions determining firms to form private environmental regimes, as well as the economic and political consequences of this growing dynamic. Lastly, I investigate the mechanisms tying together different actors in terms of their environmental governance interactions.

Exploring the relation between social anxiety and depression in youth: the roles of friendship and peer acceptance

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Wendi E. Marien
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Peer Acceptance ◽  
Friendship Quality ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Supportive Relationships ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
The University

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] This study examined whether problems establishing and maintaining positive, supportive relationships with peers may mediate the relation between social anxiety and depression in youth. In particular, structural equation modeling was used to evaluate models containing friendship quality and peer acceptance as mediators. Results, based on a school sample of 539 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th graders, indicated that peer acceptance partially mediated the relation between social anxiety and depression. However, friendship quality did not mediate the relation between social anxiety and depression, because social anxiety was unrelated to friendship quality. Few sex and age differences in the relations among study variables were found. However, social anxiety was a significantly stronger predictor of lower peer acceptance for girls than for boys. Results also indicated that having a high quality friendship may buffer youth who are not well-accepted by peers from experiencing symptoms of depression, in that lower acceptance by peers significantly predicted increased depression for youth who reported low friendship quality; however, level of acceptance was unrelated to depression for youth who reported high friendship quality.

Magical safe spaces : the role of literature in Medieval and early modern magic

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Emilee J. Howland-Davis
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Modern Literature ◽  
Safe Space ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Safe Spaces ◽  
Religious Behaviors ◽  
The University

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] My dissertation argues that medieval and early modern English romances provided magic a safe space where authors and audiences engaged with the ideas of magic and superstition free from the risk of condemnation and the inquisition of medieval and early modern secular and religious authorities. The term safe space is a contemporary idea used to discuss spaces, both literal and figurative, where people who identify as LGTBQ+ are welcomed and free to express themselves. While the modern idea of a safe space has a very specific group of users and uses, it is the figurative idea of a safe space which I argue can be applied to otherworlds in medieval and early modern romances. I discuss late medieval and early modern romances as well as their interaction with and difference from historical records, trials, and treatises on magic. My methodology combines a historicist approach with Marxist and feminist theory in its exploration of magical safe spaces. The later Middle Ages were a time of increased scrutiny of non-religious behaviors, a narrowing of what constituted witchcraft and diabolism, and an upsurge in the numbers of heretical accusations and trials. Similarly, early modern England experienced an increase in accusations and investigations of magic, witchcraft, and heresy. My dissertation draws connections between historical documents and medieval and early modern literature and argues that as societal concerns about feminine heretical practice increased, literature found safe ways to explore these ideas. In doing this, medieval and early modern romance became a safe space for the exploration of magic generally and female magic users specifically.

The perspective of the nursing staff on terminal sedation in pediatric onco-hematology: A phenomenologic-hermeneutic study

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-472
Author(s):  
Debora Tringali ◽  
Rosapia Lauro-Grotto ◽  
Massimo Papini
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Terminal Sedation ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
University Of Padua ◽  
The University ◽  
Home Assistance

AbstractObjective:The study was designed to explore the subjective perspective on end-of-life practices in three different groups of pediatric onco-hematologic nurses.Method:In 2004–2005 each member of the nursing staff of the Pediatric Onco-Hematology Ward of the University of Padua, Italy, and the Oncology Ward and Home Assistance Module of the Giannetta Gaslini Hospital, Genoa, Italy was interviewed using a semistructured questionnaire with open questions on end-of-life procedures. The results were returned to the interviewees through group meetings. Here, we examine replies given regarding terminal sedation.Results:With regard to the nurses from Padua, common features came together in a consolidated practice. The amount of suffering and physical pain was considered an element in determining the use of sedation: “when there is atrocious suffering.” Another aspect was “painful awareness,” the difficulty in being able to bear the fact that the child is aware that death is imminent. The nurses from Genoa stated that the procedure was adopted mainly for three reasons: to sedate the pain, to calm the hunger for air, and to control the anguish caused by the realization that death was imminent or unavoidable. It was noted that the nursing staff of the Home Assistance Unit, Genoa found themselves in a privileged position regarding this procedure both because of the strong relationship established among child, parents, and nurse, and because of being able to take shared decisions after in-depth discussion.Significance of results:The results enlighten the critical role of the nursing staff with respect to this procedure, given the involvement with the families and their ability to understand the child's demands and intimate expectations.

scholarly journals The Importance of Down Syndrome Phenocopies in the Newborns in Tertiary Obstetric Hospital

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Elizabeta Zisovska ◽  
Bratica Lazovska
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Gene Interactions ◽  
Minor Anomalies ◽  
Unselected Population ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
The University

Background: A phenotype is the composite of the observable characteristics, and in some cases it is not representative for identification of recognized genetic structure. Aim: The aims of the study were to present the incidence and clinical features of dismorphia in newborn children, and to investigate the prevalence of phenocopies among them. Material and Methods: Newborns born at the University Clinic for Gynecology & Obstetrics, having at least 3 minor anomalies (mm) specific for Down syndrome were investigated. Patients’ histories, observation, cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood samples were analysed. Results: Among 17835 liveborns during 5 years’ period, 128 were detected having at least 3 mm, calculated incidence of dysmorphia 0.83% (1:139). Cytogenetic analysis was not performed in 3.1% (4/128) due to immediate death or transfers elsewhere, 30.5% (39/128) were confirmed Down syndrome. Cytogenetic analysis showed trisomy 21 in 97.4%; Robertsonian translocation had one newborn (2.6%); normal cytogenetic structure had 66.4% (85/128) of the newborns. Conclusons: Other studies didn’t highlight the proportion of phenocopies of Down syndrome in unselected population of newborns, mainly investigating sick children, disabled, or older-aged. As more the critical role of phenocopy emerges, the more the initial difficulty in detecting gene-gene interactions is amplified. Neglecting the possible presence of phenocopies in complex traits, heavily affects the analysis of their genetic data.

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