scholarly journals STRATEGI PERCEPATAN PROYEK MENGGUNAKAN METODE CRASH PROGRAM (Studi Kasus : Program Kerja Masa Pengeringan Proyek Rehabilitasi Saluran Induk Klambu Kiri Tahun 2017)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Eko Marsudi Utomo ◽  
Mochamad Agung Wibowo ◽  
Sriyana Sriyana
Keyword(s):  
Flow Section ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
Flow Area ◽  
Project Completion ◽  
Normal Duration ◽  
Section Structure ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Predetermined Time

Based on the initial plan from the contract of the Rehabilitation Klambu Kiri’s Project, main channel's work was carried out continously by an open and closed system using the kistdam method. However by the time of execution work, the stakeholders wanted the work in the main channel to be carried out based on cropping pattern, where there a drying period and a drainage period. In this case, flow area and bottom structure of the channel can only be worked during the drying period lasting three months. To be able to determine the impact of these change, a duration calculation is carried out from project's data which are internal's BQ, initial plan's resources, and the relations between activities using Microsoft Project on the flow section structure which be worked in drying period of 2017. The normal duration obtained from analysis is 203 days. It was exceeded time of drying period and possibly could have an impact on the overall project completion schedule resulting in delays, defaults and even termination of contracts. Therefore, it is necessary to have an accelerate strategy of the work on the flow section structure to be completed within a predetermined time. In this study, the acceleration strategy was carried out using crashing analysis in the critical activities from normal duration using Microsoft Project. The crashing method was carried out in stages from the crashing simulation of 30 days, 60 days, to 120 days so that obtained the duration of acceleration was 83 days. The cost component of acceleration is calculated by choosing the lowest cost from the alternatives of increasing work hours (overtime) or by adding resources. From the simulation results, the crash cost to complete the acceleration work is Rp. 1.298.307.591,- or about 2,05% of direct cost, so the efficiency is Rp. 9.692.409,- from normal duration

scholarly journals Corn farming analysis in Babar Island, District of Babar Islands, Southwest Maluku Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 883 (1) ◽  
pp. 012082
Author(s):  
S F W Thenu
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Land Rent ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Babar Island is corn production center in District of Babar Islands. Maize is the dominant food commodities and a major food source for the community. Corn is the dominant crop commodity in Barbar Island and become staple food for the community. The farming are traditional and subsystems to meet farmers household needs and the excess (if any) will be sold but in very limited quantities. However the sales purpose is not commercial but just to meet the households needs that can not be substituted by other goods and only by few farmers if necessary. The farming is carried out on slash and burn dry land by polyculture cropping pattern that is combination of annual and perrenial crops. This study aimed to examine the feasibility and profitability of corn farming in Barbar island, using survey methods with stratified random sampling technique. The results showed that the cost of corn production in Barbar Island, district of Barbar Islands, South West Maluku Regency is consisted of fixed cost and variable cost. The fixed cost components is including : equipment depreciation costs and land rent costs. The variable costs includes : inputs costs (seeds, fertilizers, chemical) and labor costs. Variable costs is the largest cost component for corn farming. Corn farming is profitable and viable, as indicated by the average income Rp.2.647.396 compared to the average cost incurred by farmers Rp.2.520.934 and BC ratio of 1.05. This means that the production costs of Rp.2.520.934 will generate benefit 1.05 times of the cost.

Impact of Float Loss on the Project Costs

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 1532-1537
Author(s):  
Wei Lo ◽  
Yih Tzoo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Critical Path ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Optimal Schedule ◽  
Step Function ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
Project Completion ◽  
Completion Date ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Many techniques have been developed to analyze the time impact and the costs caused by the disruptions of the project works. However, most were limited on the delay of the critical path and the overall project completion date. In recent years, although more attention has been drawn on the impact of the float loss on the overall project cost, not a single research result has been widely accepted and recognized. This study aims to fill this gap. This research firstly introduces a resource-integrated genetic algorithms (G.A.) model, which will be used to develop an optimal schedule including the timing and quantity for each type of resource required to complete each individual activity. Secondly, by using a case study this research intends to identify the impact of float loss on overall project cost through comparing the as-planned optimal schedule with an after-impacted schedule. Based on the research results this research has identified that the relationship between the float loss and project cost can be expressed as a step function and the time span of total float can be divided into and cost-related float and cost-unrelated float, termed as optimal float, in which the consumption of float will not cause the delay of the project completion date, nor the increase of project cost. The findings refute the traditional concept that the total float belongs to neither the owner nor the contractor, and suggest that the utilization float is free only within the optimal float and the float apportionment will never be reasonable unless the cost of float floss has been taken into consideration.

Performance-Based Approach for Deciding the Age of New Concrete for Thin Epoxy Overlay Application

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110145
Author(s):  
Upul Attanayake ◽  
Abul Fazal Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Project Completion ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Cost Of Construction ◽  
A Performance

A thin epoxy overlay application is a capital preventive maintenance activity. Epoxy overlays reduce the rate of chloride ion ingress and extend bridge deck service life. Highway agency policies and manufacturer specifications require maintaining a 28-day curing period (7-day wet and 21-day dry curing) before the application of an epoxy overlay on bridge decks requiring new concrete for patches and repairs. Consequently, the contractors wait for 28 days to apply an epoxy overlay. Delaying application time increases project completion time and the cost of construction and mobility. The suitability of new concrete to receive epoxy overlays and the performance of overlays depend on several parameters including concrete strength, moisture, and tendency to crack. Such parameters depend on concrete mixture ingredients and wet and dry curing periods. This paper presents a performance-based procedure for evaluating the possibility of reducing the 28-day waiting period for a thin epoxy overlay application on new concrete. An experimental program was developed and executed to evaluate the impact of epoxy overlay application parameters and overlay performance using a tensile bond pull-off strength test. The results support developing a performance-based procedure for deciding on the suitable age of new concrete to receive a thin epoxy overlay. The pull-off bond strength of epoxy overlays applied at 7, 14, and 21 days, following a 7-day moist curing, shows the possibility of applying an epoxy overlay before the end of the 28-day curing period stipulated in the current specifications.

scholarly journals Motivation matters: predicting students’ career decidedness and intention to drop out after the first year in higher education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Bargmann ◽  
Lisa Thiele ◽  
Simone Kauffeld
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
First Year ◽  
Career Decidedness ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
Expectancy Value ◽  
Student Dropout ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Value Model ◽  
The Impact

AbstractHigher education institutions are striving to lower student dropout rates to increase the number of academically qualified persons in the labour market and decrease misguided investment. Researchers generally acknowledge that students who are firmly decided on their studies tend to drop out of their studies less frequently. Building on the extended expectancy-value model via the cost component, this longitudinal study investigates changes in and the impact of students’ motivation on career decidedness and intention to drop out. We analysed data from 351 first-year university students aiming to become teachers across three measurement points, finding that the task effort of students and, to a lesser degree, their interest value was related to career decidedness and, indirectly, to the intention to drop out after the first year in higher education. Moreover, the results revealed that these students’ ability beliefs increased and interest value decreased from the beginning to the end of the first year at higher education. Accordingly, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications taken from these findings.

scholarly journals Utilisation of ANFIS in analysing impact of cost structure on Croatian maritime companies development

Pomorstvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Sonja Brlečić Valčić
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Cost Structure ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Value Propositions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The modern approach to growth analysis and development of enterprises includes the analysis of defined business models progressively. One of the essential factors of any business model is the cost structure, mostly intended to analyse and define better the processes of transferring value to the customer, maintain customer relationship and generate revenue. An analysis of the costs incurred in these processes should facilitate the effective definition of key resources, key activities and key partnerships. Modern theory distinguishes two types of business models from a cost perspective: a cost-driven model and a value-driven model. The cost-driven model is focused on minimizing costs wherever possible and such an approach has the propensity to create and maintain the lowest possible cost structure using low-cost value propositions. The value-driven model is focused on value creation and superior value propositions. The aim of this research, by using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) approach, is to create models for analysing the impact of cost structure on sustainable development and business survival with respect to selected financial indicators. Based on clustering methods, model creation is preceded by a search of the link between the business performance indicators and parameters that increase or decrease a particular cost component. The sample for creation of the model is based on financial data of five maritime Croatian companies obtained through four business years. Thus, by analysis of the companies’ business operations based on such created models it is possible to define the limits, namely the degrees of increase or decrease of a particular type of cost at which companies achieve sound business growth and development. Consequently, the management of a company is enabled to form effective business strategies. Such strategies in modern context imply innovation in business, new technological processes, efficient stock management, and improved relationships with customers and suppliers.

scholarly journals Unraveling COVID-19-related hospital costs: The impact of clinical and demographic conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Miethke-Morais ◽  
Alex Cassenote ◽  
Heloísa Piva ◽  
Eric Tokunaga ◽  
Vilson Cobello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Hospital Costs ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Hospitalization Costs ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTIntroductionAlthough patients’ clinical conditions were previously shown to be associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and outcomes, their impact on hospital costs is not known. The economic evaluation of COVID-19 admissions allows the assessment of hospital costs associated with the treatment of these patients, including the main cost components and costs driven by demographic and clinical conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the COVID-19 hospitalization-related costs and their association with clinical conditions.MethodsProspective observational cohort study of the hospitalization costs of patients with COVID-19 admitted between March 30 and June 30, 2020, who were followed until discharge, death, or external transfer, using micro-costing methodology. The study was carried out in the Central Institute of the Hospital das Clinicas, affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, which is the largest hospital complex in Latin America and was designated to exclusively admit COVID-19 patients during the pandemic response.ResultsThe average cost of the 3,254 admissions (51.7% of which involved intensive care unit (ICU) stays) was US$12,637.42. Overhead cost was the main cost component, followed by daily fixed costs and drugs. Sex, age and underlying hypertension (US$14,746.77), diabetes (US$15,002.12), obesity (US$18,941.55), cancer (US$10,315.06), chronic renal failure (US$15,377.84), and rheumatic (US$17,764.61), hematologic (US$15,908.25) and neurologic diseases (US$15,257.95) were significantly associated with higher costs. Age >69 years, RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19, comorbidities, the use of mechanical ventilation, dialysis, or surgery, and poor outcomes remained significantly associated with higher costs after model adjustment.ConclusionKnowledge of COVID-19-associated hospital costs and their impact across different populations can aid in the development of a generalizable and comprehensive approach to hospital preparedness, decision-making and planning for future risk management. Determining the disease-associated costs is the first step in evaluating the cost-effectiveness of treatments and vaccination programs.SUMMARY BOXQuestionWhat are the COVID-19 hospitalization-related costs?FindingsIn this prospective cohort that was carried out in a single reference quaternary center designated for the treatment of severe cases of COVID-19, more than three thousand patients were included, and their costs of hospitalization were found to be directly related to the age and comorbidities. The costs were more than 50% higher in older patients, 10-24% higher in patients with comorbidities, and 24-200% higher when additional therapeutic procedures were required.MeaningDetermining the disease-associated costs is the first step in conducting future evaluations of the cost-effectiveness of treatments and vaccination programs, supporting their implementation with a comprehensive population-based approach.

scholarly journals The Cost Monitoring of the Construction Machinery with Using the Stochastic Progress-Based S-curves

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Marek Krajňák ◽  
Renáta Bašková
Keyword(s):  
Performance Status ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Project Performance ◽  
Execution Plan ◽  
Construction Machinery ◽  
Project Completion ◽  
Final Project ◽  
S Curve ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Contribution presents methodology for evaluating at-completion project performance status. Accurate cost and schedule project forecasts are difficult to generate when considering the impact of such events as unforeseen cost changes, material delays, scope deviation, changes to the project execution plan and poor subcontractor performance. In reality, the original estimate may be considered the first project forecast and at the point of project completion, the latest updated estimate (last forecast) and the actual amount of what is being expended should be the same. Final project performance is determined by comparing the planned budget and project duration, with the expected forecasted final budget and elapsed time. The stochastic S-curve methodology permits objective evaluation of project performance without the limitations inherent in a deterministic approach. This paper used the stochastic S curve to monitor the cost and time consumption in operation of the construction machines. The contribution presents a partial outcome from the dissertation thesis called the Interactive tools for resource optimization in construction.

scholarly journals An analysis on the farm productivity and rturns from bt cotton. A case study of coimbatore district

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-338
Author(s):  
Subramani M ◽  
Jagadeesh pand S
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Coimbatore District ◽  
Cotton Farmers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

India has made impressive strides on the agricultural front during the past three decades. India is the leading producer in many of the agricultural crops including the commercial crops. Objectives of the study, To analyse the socio economics conditions of the Cotton farmers in the study area and study the cost of cultivation of Bt cotton farmers in the study area. Methodology of this study, in order to estimate the impact of BT cotton on existing cropping pattern in the district of Coimbatore, a survey was conducted in the rural areas of the district. A sample of 500 respondents was taken from the cotton growing villagesof the district namely, Anaimalai, Annur, Karamadai, Kinathukadavu, Madukarai, Pollachi,Sarkarsamakulam and Sulur are the major blocks were BT cotton are grown. Important findings of the study, on the use of inputs in the cotton farm activity indicated that, for a majority of the inputs, the use of these inputs increases with the increase in the size of holdings and the reason put forth was that a majority of the sample growers particularly, the small, medium and large growers adopt mechanization in cotton farming which is the cause of higher usage of agricultural inputs. Suggested in this study, The low productivity addedwith the poor quality of the product results in poor for the product which ultimately results in poor returns. The higher share of expenditure incurred on pests and disease control and for the application of higher dose of chemical pesticides and labour intensive nature of cultivation are the probable reasons for high cost of production. 

scholarly journals Modernisation of Regional Roads Evaluated Using Ex-Post CBA

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1849
Author(s):  
Petr Halámek ◽  
Radka Matuszková ◽  
Michal Radimský
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Project Completion ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this evaluation is to verify the telling value of the Cost and Benefits Analysis (CBA) of regional roads modernisation based on an ex-post evaluation of the investments and their impacts on the incidence of traffic accidents. A set of 144 projects were the subject of evaluation. The analysis of the actual investment costs confirmed the assumption that the majority of projects were planned with a sufficient provision. When compared with the costs foreseen for the entire set of projects, the total reduction of actual costs spent was over 11%. The investigation of project impacts on traffic accidents was based on an analysis done prior to and after construction by using the Czech Police database. The measurement results show only minimum changes in the incidence of traffic accidents in the scenario prior to and after project completion. This however strongly contradicts the project goals declared, because the projects were anticipating almost zero accidents with a fatality and a 50% reduction of accidents with health consequences. However, a slight increase in road fatalities and in light and serious injuries was measured. These facts have a significant impact on the Net Present Value (NPV) and the weighted profitability index for the entire set of projects dropped from 16.7% to −2.8%. The key recommendation is to eliminate the impact on traffic accidents in the case of project evaluations processed ex-ante for projects focused only on a reconstruction or modernisation of existing roads.

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

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