scholarly journals Four-Year Prospective Evaluation of Femoral Neck Fractures: Types and Complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Ali Yeganeh ◽  
◽  
Mehdi Moghtadaei ◽  
Amir Sobhani ◽  
Mehdi Abbasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Avascular Necrosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Femoral Neck Fractures ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type Of Fracture

Background: Despite the advances in the methods of treating femoral neck fractures, treating some types of these fractures is still challenging. Therefore, understanding these fractures, their treatments, and the ways to control their complications are necessary for the orthopedists.  Objectives: In this study, we evaluate patients with acute femoral neck fractures with respect to the type of fractures and complications. Methods: In a 4-year cross-sectional study, the patients with acute femoral neck fractures who were admitted to Rasoul Akram Hospital were selected. Anatomical features and the type of fracture were determined by using plain radiography and CT scan. Fractures were classified according to the Garden classification. The patients were also evaluated for any postoperative complications for at least 6 months. Results: A total of 124 patients were enrolled. The Mean±SD age of the patients was 64.9±12.7 years and 87 (74.4%) were male. Based on the Garden classification, 7 fractures (5.9%) belonged to type I, 10 fractures (8.5%) to type II, 48 fractures (41%) to type III, and 52 fractures (44.4%) to type IV. Avascular necrosis in 28 cases (23.9%), non-union in 14 cases (12%), and claudication and pain in 35 cases (29.9%) were noted. The mean age of patients was different between fracture groups (P=0.01).  Conclusion: Our results showed that most of the patients with femoral neck fractures admitted to Rasoul Akram Hospital were associated with displacement. In this study, the most common complications were pain and claudication, avascular necrosis of the femoral head, and nonunion. In sum, further displacement of the fracture will result in more complications.

scholarly journals Evaluation of hearing status after type I tympanoplasty

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Mashuque Mahamud ◽  
Mani Lal Aich ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Rafiul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type I Tympanoplasty ◽  
Air Conduction

Objective: To evaluate hearing outcome after type I tympanoplasty in inactive mucous type of chronic otitis media. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in the department of Otolaryngology & Head Neck Surgery, Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, from July 2014 to June 2016. 50 cases were selected by matching inclusion and exclusion criteria. Paired t-test and Z test was used to analyze the variables. P values <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The mean age was found 28.5 years with range from 15 to 41 years and male female ratio was 1.3:1. All patients had intermittent otorrhoea and varying degree of hearing loss. The mean air conduction threshold was 40.2 dB preoperatively and 27.1 dB post-operatively. Air-bone gap was found 26.9 dB in preoperative and 16.1 dB in post-operative group. The differences were statistically significant between preoperative and post-operative group. Thus mean improvement of air conduction threshold was 13.1 dB and air-bone gap was 10.8 dB. Two third (66.%) patients improved <15 db air conduction thresholds and 17(34%) improved ≥15 db air conduction thresholds. Using the proportion of patients with a postoperative hearing within 40 dB as the criterion, this study showed 46(92%) patients achieving this and 40(80%) patients achieving AB gap within 20 db postoperatively. Conclusion: Improvement of air conduction threshold and AB gap after type I tympanoplasty was statistically significant. Thus from this study it can be concluded that type I tympanoplasty is an effective technique for hearing improvement in inactive mucous type of chronic otitis media. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2018; 24(1): 50-55

scholarly journals Cone Beam Computed Tomography-Based Anatomical Assessment of the Olfactory Fossa

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Andre Luiz Ferreira Costa ◽  
Aline Kataki Paixão ◽  
Bianca Costa Gonçalves ◽  
Celso Massahiro Ogawa ◽  
Thiago Martinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
The Mean

This study aimed to investigate the olfactory fossa according to the Keros classification using cone beam computed tomography. This cross-sectional study analysed cone beam computed tomography images selected from a database belonging to a radiology centre. The scans of 174 healthy patients were analysed by using the Xoran software. Gender, age, and side were correlated with the Keros classification. The mean age of the 174 patients was 45.3 years. The most prevalent Keros classification was type II (65.52%), followed by type III (20.69%) and type I (13.79%). No significant differences were found between Keros classification and the variables age, right side (pvalue = 0.4620), and left side (pvalue = 0.5709). There were also no significant differences between gender and the variables right side (pvalue = 0.1421) and left side (pvalue = 0.2136). Based on these results, we suggest that cone beam computed tomography can be recommended for analysis of the anterior skull base. Keros type II was the most prevalent type in our sample.

scholarly journals Coccygeal Morphology on Multislice Computed Tomography in a Tertiary Hospital in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 694-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatraman Indiran ◽  
Vadivalagianambi Sivakumar ◽  
Prabakaran Maduraimuthu
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ethnic Populations ◽  
The Mean

<sec><title>Study Design</title><p>A retrospective, cross-sectional study of 213 patients who presented for abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans to assess coccygeal morphology in the Indian population.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>There have been relatively few studies of coccygeal morphology in the normal population and none in the Indian population. We aimed to estimate coccygeal morphometric parameters in the Indian population.</p></sec><sec><title>Overview of Literature</title><p>Coccygeal morphology has been studied in European, American, Korean, and Egyptian populations, with few differences in morphology among populations.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A retrospective analysis of 213 abdominal CT scans (114 males and 99 females; age, 7–88 years; mean age, 47.3 years) was performed to evaluate the number of coccygeal segments, coccyx type, sacrococcygeal and intercoccygeal fusion and subluxation, coccygeal spicules, sacrococcygeal straight length, and sacrococcygeal and intercoccygeal curvature angles. Results were analyzed for differences in morphology with respect to sex and coccyx type.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Types I and II coccyx were the most common. Most subjects had four coccygeal vertebrae; 93 subjects (43.66%) had partial or complete sacrococcygeal fusion. Intercoccygeal fusion was common, occurring in 193 subjects. Eighteen subjects had coccygeal spicules. The mean coccygeal straight length was 33.8 mm in males and 31.5 mm in females; the mean sacrococcygeal curvature angle was 116.6° in males and 111.6° in females; the mean intercoccygeal curvature angle was 140.94° in males and 145.10° in females.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Type I was the most common coccyx type in our study, as in Egyptian and Western populations. The number of coccygeal vertebrae and prevalence of sacrococcygeal and intercoccygeal fusion in the Indian population were similar to those in the Western population. The mean coccygeal straight length and mean sacrococcygeal curvature angle were higher in males, whereas the intercoccygeal curvature angle was higher in females. Information on similarities and differences in coccygeal morphology between different ethnic populations could be useful in imaging and treating patients presenting with coccydynia.</p></sec>

scholarly journals Intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck: Internal fixation or arthroplasty

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
M. Bogosavljevic ◽  
B. Ristic ◽  
D. Stranojlovic ◽  
Z. Pavlov ◽  
D. Stokic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Internal Fixation ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Type I ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Medial Cortex

Objective: Significant advances in the surgical treatment of intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck began in the mid-twentieth century, because of the better understanding of the characteristics and biomechanics of the fractures. The aim of this study is to precisely identify the characteristics of the fractures, that will be taken into account in the individualization of treatment of intracapsular fractures of the femur. Materials and Methods: We analyzed, in a retrospective study, 148 patients with intraarticular fractures of the femoral neck from the registry of the Orthopaedic Department in Pozarevac, in the period from 2009 to 2014. Fractures were classified by the modified Garden?s classification. Garden type III fractures were divided into two sub-types. Garden type IIIa included fractures in which the distance between the fragments of the medial cortex was less than ? the diameter of the femoral neck. Garden type III b included fractures in which the distance of the medial cortex of the fracture fragments was larger than ? the diameter of the femoral neck. Patients with the Garden type I fracture (6 cases), Garden type II ( 22 cases), Garden type IIIa (35 cases) and Garden type IV (5 cases) were treated by closed reduction and internal fixation. Patients with Garden type IIIb (28 cases) and Garden type IV (52 cases) were treated by primary total hip replacement. Results : All fractures in patients with the fracture Garden type I (6 cases) and Garden type II (22 cases) have healed and avascular necrosis did not occur. In the group of patients with the Garden type III b fracture, 3 patients with non-union were treated with total hip arthroplasty. In the same group in two patients avascular necrosis occurred. In the group of patients with the Garden type IV fracture who were treated by closed reduction and inter- nal fixation (5 cases), two patients with non-union were treated with total hip arthroplasty. In patients with Garden sub-type III b, in the time of monitoring we found 4 dislocations after primary total hip arthroplasty. One patient underwent acetabular revision in the same group. In the group of patients with Garden type IV fracture, we found 7 dislocations after total hip arthroplasty and two patients underwent acetabular revision surgery. Conclusion: Our results indicate that fractures Garden type I, II and Garden type III a can be successfully treated with internal fixation. Fractures Garden type III b and IV should be treated by primary hip arthroplasty, because of internal fixation of these fractures lead to unsatisfactory results.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN KARIES RAMPAN PADA SISWA PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI DI DESA PINELENG II INDAH

e-GIGI ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherit Unaya Winda ◽  
Paulina Gunawan ◽  
Dinar A. Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
The Village ◽  
Rampant Caries

Abstract: Rampant caries is one of the health problems of the teeth and mouth that often occurs in children. This affects the growth and development of children’s teeth. Rampant caries is often found in children aged fives, and the spread of highest in children aged 3 years. The purpose of this research is to know the description of the rampant caries in student of early childhood education in the village of pineleng II indah. This is a cross-sectional research with a sample of students of the aged 3-5 years old, with 74 people. The technique of the sample used is total sampling. Examination of rampant caries was done using criteria WHO then diagnosed based on the level of expansion. The result showed that rampant caries most widely encountered is type III in 19 student (38,78%), followed by type I in 14 student (28,57%, type II in 13 student (26,53%), and type IV in 3 student (6,12%). The conclusion of this research is rampant caries most of the students seen in the 5 years old and on female students. Type rampant caries most is the type III and the least that is the type IV.Keywords : rampant caries, childAbstrak: Karies rampan merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang sering terjadi pada anak. Hal ini memengaruhi pertumbuhan serta perkembangan gigi anak. Karies rampan sering ditemukan pada anak usia balita dan penyebaran tertinggi pada anak usia 3 tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran karies rampan pada siswa Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di desa Pineleng II Indah. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan jenis penelitian cross-sectional study dengan sampel siswa yang berusia 3-5 tahun yaitu sebanyak 74 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan ialah total sampling. Pemeriksaan karies rampan dilakukan dengan menggunakan kriteria WHO kemudian didiagnosis berdasarkan tingkat perluasannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tipe karies rampan yang paling banyak ditemui yaitu pada tipe III 19 siswa (38,78%), kemudian terbanyak kedua ialah tipe I 14 siswa (28,57%), terbanyak ketiga yaitu tipe II 13 siswa (26,53%), dan yang paling sedikit yaitu tipe IV 3 siswa (6,12%).Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu karies rampan paling banyak dijumpai pada siswa yang berumur 5 tahun dan pada siswa yang berjenis kelamin perempuan. Tipe karies rampan yang paling banyak yaitu tipe III dan yang paling sedikit yaitu tipe IV.Kata kunci : karies rampan, anak

scholarly journals Incidence of Carotico-clinoid Foramen and Interclinoid Osseous Bridge in Dry Human Skulls in Sudan_ Neurosurgical Interest

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
yasser seddeg ◽  
Kamalelden Elbadawi
Keyword(s):  
Cavernous Sinus ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Anterior Clinoid Process ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Human Skulls

Background: Anterior clinoid process is usually drilled in order to approach cavernous sinus and related structures in neurosurgical operations. The presence of carotico-clinoid foramen and interclinoid osseous bridge create difficulties while approaching anterior clinoid process and increases the risks of injury to the internal carotid artery and nearby structures. Aim: To observe incidence, anatomy of carotico-clinoid foramen and interclinoid osseous bridge in the Sudanese dry skulls. Methods: This was a cross sectional study, conducted in the departments of anatomy in different medical schools in Sudan between the period from June 2019 to January 2020. Total 30 dry adult human skulls were examined to observe incidence of carotico-clinoid foramen and of interclinoid osseous bridge. Result: The incidence of carotico-clinoid foramen was 13.3% (4 skulls out of 30). The foramen was bilaterally present in one skull (n=1/30, 3.3%) and unilateral in 3 skulls (n=3/30, 10%). Type I bridge is the carotico-clinoid foramen itself, the Type II interclinoid osseous bridge was found in one skull (n=1/30, 3.3%) , no Type III and Type IV bridges were observed in the present study. Conclusion: the presence of this foramen and interclinoid osseous bridge can complicate neurosurgical operations in cavernous sinus, sellar and para-sellar regions. Therefore, the detailed anatomical knowledge is very important to decrease complications and to increase success rates of neurosurgical operations in this area.

scholarly journals An Anatomic Study of the Facial Nerve Trunk and Branching Pattern in an African Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. s-0038-1669465
Author(s):  
Francis Mutahi Thuku ◽  
Fawzia Butt ◽  
Symon W. Guthua ◽  
Mark Chindia
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
African Population ◽  
Type I ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Black African ◽  
Stylomastoid Foramen ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
And Gender

There are known racial variations in the branching and furcation pattern and the length of the facial nerve (FN) trunk and hardly any studies from the black African population. Surgeries around the FN predispose it to trauma and warrant a detailed anatomy of its branching pattern. Using a descriptive cross-sectional study, a total of 40 FN (20 fresh cadavers) were dissected to record the pattern and length of the FN. The frequency of various patterns of FN using the Davis et al classification was as follows: type I: 10 (25%), type II: 9 (22.5%), type III: 7 (17.5%), type IV: 6 (15%), type V: 2 (5%), and type VI: 6 (15%). The nerve bifurcated in 32(80%) and trifurcated in 8(20%) of the cadavers. There was no statistical difference in the branching patterns ( p = 0.509) and furcation types ( p = 0.414) between the sides and gender. The length of the trunk of the FN measured from the stylomastoid foramen to the bifurcation point was 16.14(−/+ 3.28 mm). The results from this data established a variation in the anatomical branching pattern of the FN in a black Kenyan population.

scholarly journals More than 20° posterior tilt of the femoral head in undisplaced femoral neck fractures results in a four times higher risk of treatment failure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorn Kalsbeek ◽  
Ariaan van Walsum ◽  
Herbert Roerdink ◽  
Inger Schipper
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Femoral Neck Fractures ◽  
Type I ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Initial Radiograph ◽  
Neck Fracture ◽  
Posterior Tilt ◽  
Risk Of Treatment

Abstract Purpose In this study, we aimed to determine the correlation between the preoperative posterior tilt of the femoral head and treatment failure in patients with a Garden type I and II femoral neck fracture (FNF) treated with the dynamic locking blade plate (DLBP). Methods Preoperative posterior tilt was measured in a prospective documented cohort of 193 patients with a Garden type I and II FNF treated with the DLBP. The correlation between preoperative posterior tilt and failure, defined as revision surgery because of avascular necrosis, non-union, or cut-out, was analyzed. Results Patients with failed fracture treatment (5.5%) had a higher degree of posterior tilt on the initial radiograph than the patients with uneventful healed fractures: 21.4° and 13.8°, respectively (p = 0.03). The failure rate was 3.2% for Garden type I and II FNF with a posterior tilt < 20° and 12.5% if the preoperative posterior tilt was ≥ 20°. A posterior tilt of ≥ 20° was associated with an odds ratio of 4.24 (95% CI 1.09–16.83; p = 0.04). Conclusion Garden type I and II FNFs with a significant preoperative posterior tilt (≥ 20°) seem to behave like unstable fractures and have a four times higher risk of failure. Preoperative posterior tilt ≥ 20° of the femoral head should be considered as a significant predictor for failure of treatment in Garden type I and II FNFs treated with the DLBP.

scholarly journals Treatment of femoral neck fractures: sliding hip screw or cannulated screws? A meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutong Xia ◽  
Wendong Zhang ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Jingcheng Wang ◽  
Lianqi Yan
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Avascular Necrosis ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Femoral Neck Fractures ◽  
Compression Screw ◽  
Sliding Hip Screw ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Significant Statistical Difference ◽  
Hip Screw

Abstract Purpose Femoral neck fractures are still unsolved problems nowadays; sliding hip screw (SHS) and cannulated compression screw (CCS) are the most commonly used devices. We evaluated the clinical outcomes and complications in the treatment of femoral neck fractures between SHS and CCS in this meta-analysis to find which is better. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library up to 24 August 2020 and retrieved any studies comparing sliding hip screw and cannulated compression screw in treatment of femoral neck fractures; the main outcomes and complications were extracted from the studies which were included. Results Nine studies involving 1662 patients (828 patients in the SHS group and 834 patients in the CCS group) were included in this study. SHS had higher rate of avascular necrosis (RR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.08–1.56, p = 0.005), and CCS had higher rate of implant removal (RR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.43–0.93, p = 0.02). No significant statistical difference in non-union, implant failure, infection, replacement, mortality, orthopedic complications, non-orthopedic complications, and total revision between SHS and CCS group. Conclusion Both devices have their pros and cons; SHS had a higher rate of avascular necrosis, and CCS had a higher rate of implant removal rate. No significant statistical difference in non-union, implant failure, infection, replacement, mortality, orthopedic complications, non-orthopedic complications, and total revision between SHS and CCS group.

scholarly journals Assessing the Prevalence and Morphological Characteristics of Bifid Mandibular Canal Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography – A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
J. Nithya ◽  
Nalini Aswath
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mandibular Canal ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Type I ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Bifid Mandibular Canal ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence, location and configuration of bifid mandibular canals so as to avoid injury to the nerve and inadequate anesthesia during surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: CBCT scan of 203 patients (125 males and 78 females) was evaluated for the presence and the type of the bifid mandibular canal. They were classified according to Nortje et al. The prevalence rates were determined according to gender, location, and type of bifid mandibular canal. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software version 24. Results: The prevalence rate of bifid mandibular canals was found to be 10.3% with 12.8% in males and 6.4% in females. The Chi-square test reveals there is a statistically significant difference between the different locations of bifid mandibular canals and most of the canals were present on the right side. The most frequent type of bifid mandibular canal observed was type II dental canal (38.1%), followed by type III forward canal (28.6%), type I retromolar canal (14.3%), and type IV buccolingual canal (14.3%). Conclusion: CBCT is suggested for a detailed evaluation and identification of bifid mandibular canals before any surgical procedures to avoid post-operative complications.

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