Assessment of the Volume of State Funding for the Development of Biomedicine in Russia and in the USA

Acta Naturae ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
A. N. Petrov ◽  
N. G. Kurakova
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Russian Medical ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

This article demonstrates that Russias funding for research and development is less than 2.5 % of global funding, whereas the amount of financing of just three countries, the USA, China, and Japan amounts to 50%. It is argued that the inadequacy of Russias domestic financing for the development of the science sector vis a vis that of developed countries allows the country to prioritize only a limited number of research fields in its scientific and technological development. We have compared and contrasted expenditures on research and development in biomedicine in the USA and Russia. It has been demonstrated that in 2014, basic funding for 27 research centers included in the US National Health Institutes network exceeded the amount of financing for 104 Russian medical scientific and research institutes subordinated to the Russian Ministry of Health and Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations by 173 times. We have concluded that a substantial increase in state funding for fundamental, exploratory, and applied research in the field of biomedicine is required if life sciences are to be preserved as one of the priorities in the scientific-technological and social development of Russia. It is also necessary to eliminate all administrative and tax barriers that prevent active participation of domestic industrial entities in the co-financing of the development of Russian drugs and medical equipment.

Macroeconomic conditions are only an illusion, not the solution, to firm sustainability: unveiling the new dimension of stakeholder well-being

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid Irshad Younas ◽  
Mahvesh Khan ◽  
Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh Al-Faryan
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The One

Purpose The purpose of the study is to explore the misconception that in developed countries, macroeconomic performance lead to sustainable firms or improves stakeholder well-being. The results may be the opposite or even worse. Design/methodology/approach This study examined this misconception using balanced panel data from 1,122 firms from different sectors of the US economy and data on macroeconomic performance from the World Bank. Findings The results of the one-step generalised method of moments indicate that most macroeconomic performance indicators had significant and negative impacts on firm sustainability and stakeholder well-being. Practical implications From a societal perspective, the results illustrate that the fruits of macroeconomic performance of the US economy do not reach stakeholders through firms’ sustainability. Thus, linking the economy’s macroeconomic performance with firm sustainability is vital for sustainably uplifting society and for stakeholder well-being. Originality/value From a policy perspective, this study reveals that the greater focus on macroeconomic performance in the USA over the past decades has resulted in lower firm sustainability because of the malfunctioning of social, economic, environmental and governance factors. This has negatively influenced stakeholder well-being in the country.

PLACE AND ROLE OF COMPETENT INFORMATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

Naukovedenie ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 123-138
Author(s):  
Sergei Pyastolov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Joint Research Centre ◽  
Science Activity ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
Special Space ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

VUCA world (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity), according to experts of JRC (European Commission's Joint Research Centre), is now a special space that corrupts the integrity of science activity, limits thinking and vision of the situation by politicians. In fact, under such conditions, the only reliable resource for scientific organizations is a commercialization, and the payback is a condition of activity. These factors already pose a threat to global security. The mission orientation proposed by European Union experts is still seen as a rather weak alternative.

scholarly journals Coronavirus in light of philosophy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-32
Author(s):  
Emil Vlajki
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Human Virus ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

The history of humanity is a history of rationality. As a result, mankind has progressed from the Stone Age to the era of modern medicine, genetics, computer science, robotics, and nanotechnology. The life span of a man in ancient times was about twenty years, and today, in highly developed societies, a man lives, on average, to eighty-six years. Advances in science and technology have not always had a positive impact. Suffice to say, the ongoing environmental problems that seriously affect humanity or, for example, the dietary problems that have resulted due to genetic manipulation. Scientific and technological development must be considered in a serious and philosophical manner. Ethics are increasingly becoming an integral part of life. In this paper, we focused on the new coronavirus that has led to the planetary-wide disease called COVID-19. All countries have engaged in their efforts to suppress the resulting pandemic. However, some of the utilized measures have been suspect: whether to lock-down people in quarantine, whether their movement should be restricted, whether they should be forced to vaccinate, and so on. Claiming to act prophylactically, scientists, by adding some DNA, RNA segments (gain of function, GOF) to an innocuous human virus, have created a dangerous artificial influenza virus. Likewise, an artificial, infectious coronavirus was created in a laboratory. Both procedures for creating these dangerous, hybrid viruses have been described in eminent scientific journals. The scientists involved in this research told us that they wanted to find cures and vaccines for these non-natural viruses on the off-chance they ever appeared among humans; when carefully handled, engineered organisms provide a unique opportunity to study biological systems in a controlled fashion. Biotechnology is a powerful tool to advance medical research and should not be abandoned because of irrational fears. But the chance of this type of virus appearing among humans is almost non-existent. However, what if these viruses "escape" from the lab, as has happened in the recent past? What if a terrorist organization start producing these viruses on their own according to detailed instructions and then use them? Finally, since the two great world powers, the US and China, that jointly created the artificial coronavirus, called SHC014-MA15, who can stop them from continuing this practice? Isn't it possible that they also created the current SARS-CoV-2 provoking a death of two and a half million people? Related to these questions, this study deals with the issue of tolerance. A large number of world-renowned scientists really believe that the current cause of the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, is an artificial, laboratory-created virus, presenting a number of facts for this. It is not disputed that their claims are arguable. This, however, does not mean that their opponents, pharmaceutical companies and some superpowers, who have far greater political and economic power, have to incorrectly and utterly embarrass them all over, morally discredit them, nor ban their texts on the subject. In science, the struggle must be waged by arguments, not by totalitarian Orwellian methods.

scholarly journals The effects of volatility and changes in conditional correlations in the stock markets of Russia and developed countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (227) ◽  
pp. 67-94
Author(s):  
Oleg Salmanov ◽  
Natalia Babina ◽  
Marina Samoshkina ◽  
Irina Drachena ◽  
Irina Salmanova
Keyword(s):  
Stock Markets ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
International Portfolios ◽  
Russian Stock Market ◽  
The Uk

The aim of this article is to identify patterns of profitability volatility and to establish the degree of dynamic conditional correlation between the stock markets of developed countries and those of Russia. This issue is important for investment strategies and the international diversification of investments. We use the BEKK-GARCH, CCC-GARCH, and DCCGARCH models and show that the correlation between the Russian stock market and the markets of the USA, UK, Germany, and France has decreased significantly in recent years. We find that while the correlation between the Russian market and the mature European markets is bidirectional, the relationship between the US market and the Russian market is unidirectional. An assessment of the transfer of volatility from all of the mature markets to the Russian market establishes its statistical significance and shows that feedback from the Russian market to the UK and German markets is insignificant. Diversification of international portfolios in the Russian market is recommended.

scholarly journals SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-485
Author(s):  
Irina Ilina ◽  
◽  
Andrey Klypin
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the current state of the research and development sector in the Russian Federation during the transition from the first to the second stage of the implementation of the Strategy for the Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation. In addition, the authors also prepare proposals for improving the state scientific and technical policies. Methods. This paper employs theoretical methods, including non-comparative and comparative analysis, cognitive synthesis, abstraction and concretization, systemic approach and structural-functional method. Results and Discussion. The paper presents the dynamics of changes in the key indicators of scientific and technical activity in the Russian Federation as well as significant risks and threats/challenges constraining scientific and technical activities, which are divided into two groups: organisational and economic (internal) challenges and global technological (external) challenges. The main research results are: a set of measures in the framework of the state scientific and technological policy, ensuring the further scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, including the improvement of the public administration system through the development of mechanisms for financing research and development; creation of favourable conditions for involving enterprises of the real economy and other companies in all stages of research and development; creation of an integrated system for assessing scientific, research and technology results; introduction of a holistic system to support scientific, research, technological and innovation activities, providing targeted support at every stage of the innovation life cycle; introduction and development of the mechanism of scientific diplomacy in Russia; development of science and technology at the regional level; development of mechanisms for involving qualified personnel to scientific activities; development of a holistic system of expertise, monitoring and forecasting for scientific, research and technological activities. Conclusion. Results of this research substantiate the assertion that such areas as science, technology and innovation should operate as a whole structure integrated into the socio-economic system of the country and ensuring the technological selfsufficiency and competitiveness of the national economy.

scholarly journals How Should We Think about the Winners and Losers from Globalization? Three Narratives and Their Implications for the Redesign of International Economic Agreements

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1359-1397
Author(s):  
Nicolas Lamp
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

Abstract In the wake of Donald Trump’s election to the US presidency, the ‘losers’ from globalization have received unprecedented attention. While few would contest that manufacturing workers in developed countries have lost out over the past decades, the remedies proposed by President Trump have been met with a mixture of concern and ridicule by the trade establishment. And, yet, it seems clear that, at least in the USA, politicians and trade officials are no longer able to convince voters that international economic agreements will ‘lift all boats’. Instead, those engaged in debates about trade policy will need to be open about the fact that international economic agreements create both winners and losers. This article identifies three narratives about who those winners and losers are. The article argues that the contestation between these three narratives is not one that can be resolved through empirical analysis but, instead, that the narratives contain irreducible normative elements. The article further explores the implications of these narratives for the redesign of international economic agreements.

Scientific and technological development and new trends in education and employment

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Yehorov
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Modern World ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

Scientific and technological development seriously affects all socio-economic processes in the modern world. In this paper. The main trends in employment and education in the context of technological changes are analyse in the article. The highlighting of trends in relevant areas in developed countries is the priority. Conclusions regarding structural changes in employment are made; in particular, tendencies for a decrease in permanent employment among middle-skilled workers and a deterioration in the situation for unskilled workers are identified. An important factor is the transition to part-time employment. New situation requires new approaches to the organization of education, including the development of flexible, professional education, focused on the needs of areas of activity that are developing rapidly. The final part of the paper contains brief discussion of the situation in Ukraine in the spheres of employment and training. Deindustrialization in the past three decades has had a negative impact on the structure of employment and the specialization of university graduates. The emigration of young people is becoming an increasingly important factor affecting the labour market. It is concluded that for Ukraine, which is included in the international division of labour as a “junior partner,” the choice of the right strategy for specializing in economic activity and in the field of training (education) in the face of growing competition is an extremely important task.

PROBLEM OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT IN CONDITIONS OF THE GLOBAL TRANSFORMATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (65) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Ivanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Management System ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
National Development ◽  
World Order ◽  
Technology Leadership ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Development Management ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

The new world order is being formed as a result of the humanitarian and technological revolution. Improvement of the quality of life becomes the main goal of the development. Countries with the most developed scientific and technological complex will take leading positions. A significant role in the development belongs to fundamental science, which is the only source of new knowledge. The creation of a R&D management system focused on global technology leadership is required. The new state research and development management system should be formed taking into account the external challenges and threats, the strategic goals of the state development, the development dynamics and the current status of research and development. It is also necessary to take into account the laws of scientific and technological development. The research and development management system requires significant changes to achieve the goals of national development appointed.

A retrospect on the US apparel industry: expert predictions and reality data

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris H. Kincade ◽  
Kate E. Annett-Hitchcock
Keyword(s):  
Critical Time ◽  
Apparel Industry ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Market Uncertainty ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Southeast Us

Purpose In 1978, the once powerful US apparel industry was on the cusp of change, and the consulting firm KSA conducted a Delphi survey of apparel executives’ predictions into the 2000s. The purpose of this paper is to compare actual changes over the subsequent decades with these 1978 expert predictions and explore the accuracy/inaccuracy of these “educated guesses” (KSA, 1978, p. 1). Design/methodology/approach The chorographic method was used to analyze the report and document historical data. Chorography is “concerned with significance of place, regional characterization, [and] local history […]” (Rohl, 2012, p.1) and includes contextual settings and researcher input. Primary data were examined during each decade and included: industry literature, government documents and labor data. The researchers used content analysis to reduce and organize data. Findings Findings cover three decades of Southeast US apparel industry data including imports, employment, number of plants, size of plants and productivity. Predictions were inaccurate about imports, predicted to be minor in comparison with domestic production, which they actually surpassed. Predicted decrease in employment was similar to actual decrease but reasons were inaccurate. Change in number and size of plants were over-predicted and under-predicted. Reasons given by experts were automation and government intervention; in actuality, limited automation occurred with insignificant impact in contrast to outsourcing, which decimated employment in US plants. Steady increase in productivity was predicted when productivity often decreased. Originality/value Previous studies focus on the textile sector; studies of the apparel sector tend to be regional or topical. This study is more expansive and provides insight into predictions and changes made in the US apparel industry at a critical time in its near demise. With the current climate of global change and increased market uncertainty, insights from this study may provide direction for rethinking of the domestic apparel industry for the USA and other developed countries.

scholarly journals Problems of ensuring the presence of the Russian Federation among the five leading countries of the world in the field of genomic research

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-240
Author(s):  
L. A. Tsvetkova ◽  
F. A. Kurakov
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Technological Field ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

Genomic research is one of the priorities of the country’s scientific and technological development, which have been supported by the instruction of the President to the Government on the development of a program for the development of advanced genomic research and genetic technologies in the Russian Federation, by the national project “Science”, and by the project of tintegrated scientific -technological program “The Postgenomic technologies: editing to synthetic biology”. The target indicator of NP “Science” is to ensure the presence of the Russian Federation among the five leading countries of the world that carry out research and development in areas determined by the priorities of scientific and technological development, and one of the indicators of the implementation of this indicator is “the place of the Russian Federation by share in the total number of applications for a patent for an invention filed in the world”. Comparison of patent activity of residents of theRussian Federationand the leading countries of the world engaged in research and development using the capabilities of highperformance genome sequencing was performed. A map of the competitive landscape in the technological field under consideration has been built, showing that foreign companies such as DowDuPont, Roche Holding and Illumina have already created impressive by volume patent portfolios. It was noted that in order for the developments, that will be created in the world-class genomic technology centers within the NP Science, to be globally competitive, it is already necessary to create conditions for the active participation of the business sector in government projects and programs.

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