Generational differences in response to youth offenders: myth or reality?

2012 ◽  
pp. 460-469
Author(s):  
Underwood Jean ◽  
Tomisson Carolyne
Keyword(s):  
Attribution Theory ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Generational Cohort ◽  
Youth Offenders ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Youth Offender ◽  
Appropriate Sentences ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Or Task

This empirical study examined generational cohort differences in perceptions of youth offending. Based on own-group bias, it was hypothesised that younger participants would be more tolerant of youth crime than the older generation, which would be shown by attitudes in favour of more lenient sentencing of offenders. Predicated on attribution theory, it was hypothesised that the provision of mitigating information about the offender would change individual's attitudes, and in turn, behaviour towards the offender leading to less draconian sentencing. Sixty participants, divided into four groups (2 groups of 15 aged 18-24 year olds; 2 groups of 15 aged over 40) allocated appropriate sentences to offenders depicted in ten short vignettes, half were offences against the person and the remaining five were crimes against property. One younger and one older group of participants received vignettes depicting the bare facts of the offence and offender; the other two groups (one young, one older) had additional information on background of the offender. While there were no main effects of age or task, both groups viewed crimes against the person more seriously than those against property. Without additional information older participants were more punitive than younger participants as predicted by the theory of own-group bias. However, younger participants were less swayed by mitigating information than their older counterparts, with the latter awarding more lenient when such information was provided. Mitigating information about a youth offender did affect sentencing options but not with the younger participants. This has implications for the composition of juries in youth offender trials.

scholarly journals GENERATION Y AND GENERATION Z EMPLOYMENT EXPECTATIONS: A GENERATIONAL COHORT COMPARATIVE STUDY FROM TWO COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-109
Author(s):  
Dana Egerová ◽  
Lenka Komárková ◽  
Jiří Kutlák
Keyword(s):  
Generation Y ◽  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Generational Cohort ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Cohort Theory

Generational differences in work values and workplace expectations have become a widely discussed research and intervention topic in recent years. However, little is known about Generation Z, who are now entering the labour market, and this presents challenges to both researchers and companies. Therefore, the primary purpose of the present study is to extend generation research by examining generational cohort differences in workplace expectations, specifically between Generation Z and the previous closest generation, Generation Y. The study is also intended to add to the limited empirical evidence of the workplace expectations of the most recent Generation Z. The theoretical framework guiding this study includes generational cohort theory and anticipatory psychological contract dimensions: job content, career development, social atmosphere, the fairness of organisational policies and rewards. The study was based on an online questionnaire survey. Data was collected from a sample of 1,000 respondents for the Czech Republic and 600 for the Slovak Republic including Generations Y and Z in the ratio 1:1. The generational differences in the workplace expectations, controlling the effects of gender and country, were investigated using multiple linear regression. The overall findings of the study indicate that both generations are more similar than different regarding their future employment expectations. We also find that those preferences may be more heterogeneous within a homogeneous group than across generational cohorts. The findings specifically indicate that some characteristics, such as geographical environment, professional experience and gender may shape employment expectations more than generational difference. The study suggests that companies also need to appreciate heterogeneity within a homogeneous generational group instead of treating current or prospective potential employees simply as members of one generation. The directions of future research, as well as the limitations of the study, are discussed.

Urban and rural millennials: Heterogeneity of the young adult generation

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-28
Author(s):  
Vadim V. Radaev
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Generational Cohort ◽  
Rural Infrastructure ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Monitoring Survey

A sociological approach towards the generational cohort analysis is developed. A special emphasis is made upon the youngest adult generation of millennials coming out of their adolescence in the 2000s. A broad range of social indicators is used for empirical exploration of intra-generational differences between urban and rural millennials. Data were collected from the annual Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE) in 2003—2016. Numerous significant differences have been revealed with regard to the educational level, family planning, use of modern gadgets and digital technologies, commitment to healthy lifestyles, and some values. Some practices are more widely spread among rural millennials, whereas other practices are more characteristic of urban millennials. Most of revealed differences are explained by the lower level of material well-being of rural millennials and lower quality of rural infrastructure.

Generational differences and implicit leadership schemas in the Philippine workforce

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen C. Salvosa ◽  
Maria Regina M. Hechanova
Keyword(s):  
Generational Differences ◽  
The Political ◽  
Generational Cohort ◽  
Implicit Leadership ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Diverse Workforce ◽  
Technology Generation ◽  
Generation Cohorts ◽  
Cohort Theory ◽  
Survey Responses

PurposeThis study examined generational differences in traits and desired schemas of leaders among Filipino workers using the lens of the generational cohort theory.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilized a sequential exploratory mixed-method approach. Phase One of the study utilized a qualitative approach in eliciting perceived characteristics and leadership schemas. Phase Two utilized a quantitative approach utilizing a survey to test generational differences.FindingsCluster analysis of survey responses of 341 Filipino workers showed two generation cohorts – the political and technological generation. Respondents from the political generation characterized themselves as being work-centered, family-oriented, traditional, seasoned, decisive and multi-tasking. The political generation also believes that an ideal leader is someone who cares about people's welfare, delegates, and is able to control others. On the other hand, the technology generation described themselves as being tech-savvy, carefree, laid-back, proud, individualistic, self-centered, arrogant, energetic and adventurous. The technological generation views an ideal leader as someone who is responsible, provides clear instructions, listens, and recognizes people.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focuses on Filipino workers and more studies in other countries are needed to establish generational differences in schemas.Practical implicationsThe results have implications on the way that leaders are selected and developed especially in an increasingly diverse workforce.Social implicationsThe results highlight the role of political, sociocultural events and technological trends that shape the traits and schemas of workers.Originality/valueThe study contributes to both generational studies as well as implicit leadership literature. The study highlights the value of examining the intersection of both culture and generation in the context of leadership.

Generational differences in technology behaviour: comparing millennials and Generation X

Kybernetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 2755-2772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Calvo-Porral ◽  
Rogelio Pesqueira-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Generation X ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Generational Cohort ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Generational Group ◽  
Moderating Role

Purpose There are differences in the motivations underlying technology behaviour in each generational group; and there may be variances in the way each generational group uses and gets engaged with technology. In this context, this study aims to address the following questions: “Does generational cohort influence technology behaviour?” and if so: “What are the main motivations underlying Millennials and Generation X technology behaviour?”. Design/methodology/approach For this purpose, based on the uses and gratifications theory this study examines technology behaviour through multi-group structural equation modelling, drawing on a sample of 707 millennials and 276 Generation X individuals Findings Research findings indicate that millennials mostly use and get engaged with technologies for entertainment and hedonic purposes; while Generation X individuals are mainly driven by utilitarian purposes and information search. Further, research findings indicate the moderating role of generational cohort in the use of technologies. Originality/value This study provides empirical evidence of the main differences and motivations differences driving technology behaviour of millennials and Generation X individuals.

scholarly journals Generational Differences toward Organic Food Behavior: Insights from Five Generational Cohorts

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene (Eirini) Kamenidou ◽  
Aikaterini Stavrianea ◽  
Evangelia-Zoi Bara
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Generation X ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Generational Cohorts ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Crisis Conditions

One of the pathways to sustainable food consumption behaviour is the purchase and consumption of organic food products. This paper offers insights into the behaviour exercised by five generational cohorts toward organic products, i.e., Generation Z, Generation Y, Generation X, Baby Boomers, and the Silent Generation. A qualitative and quantitative research methodology is implemented, with the field research providing 1562 valid questionnaires over a nine-month period. Generational differences are explored in terms of purchasing behaviour, attitudes, and the effect of the economic crisis on the purchasing of organic food. Results unveil that all generational cohorts demonstrate a favourable attitude toward organic food, and they identify the economic crisis as an effect of low purchase behaviour. Additionally, findings reveal that in all cases, generational cohort differences do exist. Government policy through marketing communications can be adapted to determine the advantages of organic food compared to conventional ones, persuade consumers about the benefits, and, thus, reinforce favourable attitudes in association with economic crisis conditions.

scholarly journals Understanding Self-Respect and Its Relationship to Self-Esteem

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 839-855
Author(s):  
Claudine Clucas
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Moral Behavior ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Or Task

The concept of self-respect has received little attention in the psychological literature and is not clearly distinguished from self-esteem. The present research sought to empirically investigate the bases of self-respect by manipulating adherence to morals together with interpersonal appraisals (IAs), or task-related competence, in hypothetical scenarios (Studies 1a and 1b) and a situation participants relived (Studies 2 and 3). Participants’ levels of state self-respect and self-esteem were measured. Studies 1 to 3 found main effects of adherence to morals on self-respect, with self-respect mediating the effect of adherence to morals on self-esteem, but little support for competence and IAs directly influencing self-respect. Self-respect uniquely contributed to anticipated/felt self-esteem alongside competence or IAs. The pattern of results supports the conceptualization of self-respect as a component of self-esteem associated with morally principled conduct, distinct from performance and social self-esteem. The findings have implications for our understanding of self-esteem and moral behavior.

Tire Splash and Spray Directly before and during Hydroplaning

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Schmiedel ◽  
Frank Gauterin
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Water Film ◽  
Water Film Thickness ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Require Information

ABSTRACT Wet roads can have a serious impact on tire traction. There are several ways of detecting wet roads; however, almost all of them come with disadvantages. Using the splash and spray behavior of the tire can offer a solution. To identify key parameters that influence splash and spray, we used high-speed cameras to record tires rolling on an internal drum tire test bench. The key parameters were water film thickness, speed, and profile geometry (tread pattern and tread depth). Our image-processing analysis showed three main effects in the splash and spray behavior that help to characterize the water film thickness: side splash, circumferential spray, and torrent spray. Circumferential spray and torrent spray can be used to estimate low and medium water film thicknesses, but these require information about speed and profile geometry. Side splash announces hydroplaning without the need for additional information.

Millennials and Generation Z: a generational cohort analysis of Indian consumers

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Packiaraj Thangavel ◽  
Pramod Pathak ◽  
Bibhas Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Generational Cohort ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Decision Styles

PurposeYoung consumers are recognized as an important and lucrative segment for the businesses across the globe. While initial steps have been taken to understand them, majority of the existing works consider both Millennials and Generation Z as a single and homogeneous market segment. The purpose of this study is to explore the consumer decision-making styles which are prevalent among Indian Millennials and Generation Z e-shoppers, and how significantly they differ from one another on each of those decision-making attributes.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory study used the generational cohort theory (GCT) as a framework. The psychographic statements (Questionnaire items) employed were adopted from several past researches on store orientation and catalog orientation, and they were rephrased to suit to the context of Indian online shopping. The principal components factor analysis with promax rotation has been used to unearth the underlying decision-styles among 503 survey participants. Subsequently, the ANOVA model was run to examine the mean differences between the cohorts.FindingsThe factor analysis has revealed that frugality (Price), convenience (Home) and social desirableness are the most dominant shopping orientations (decision-styles) that prevail among Indian (Millennials and Generation Z) online shoppers though in varying degrees. The probing of ANOVA results suggested that, though both the cohorts favor e-shopping, Generation Z are more enthusiastic about online shopping than their Millennial counterparts do.Practical implicationsThough Generation Z and Millennials share few characteristics between them, they exhibit different consumer behaviors. Marketers need to customize their value offerings and marketing communications that resonate well with each generational cohort.Originality/valueAlmost all the existing research works that have been conducted so far on generational cohorts are from Western and European countries and one could confidently say that those findings cannot be applied for the developing nations such as India which is a complex and diverse country in terms of its language, custom, religion and practices with troublesome pasts. Moreover, this is the first empirical work to be conducted to unearth the generational differences that exist between Generation Z and Millennials to the best of authors' knowledge.

Baby Boomers

The Forum ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael X. Delli Carpini
Keyword(s):  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
The Political ◽  
Generational Cohort ◽  
Us History ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
The Times ◽  
Election Studies

AbstractBorn between 1946 and 1964, “baby boomers” represent the largest 20-year age cohort in US history and still account for over 30% of the adult population. Drawing on over half a century of survey data from the American National Election Studies I explore the political legacy of this generational cohort as measured by 16 indicators of political engagement. The results suggest that while evidence of lasting generational differences in political attitudes and behaviors between boomers and those who preceded or followed them exist, they are generally small to modest, with variation over time driven more by the times in which people live than the times in which they were socialized.

scholarly journals Generational Differences in Personal Finance Behaviour - A Insight into Investors in Kolkata

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Risav Adhikari ◽  
◽  
Shiwangi Poddar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Generational Differences ◽  
Personal Finance ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Generational Cohort ◽  
Financial Openness ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Financial Behaviour

Purpose - Similar experiences, values and beliefs shared among people of a generational cohort determines the choices that they make. This explains why people of the same generational cohort have distinct perceptions and tendencies towards investing. This paper focuses on generation differences in personal finance decisions. Objectives- The objective of the paper is to group the different personal finance variables into identifiable factors and to compare these personal finance factors across generations. Methodology - Data is collected through a primary survey with a structured questionnaire, among 140 respondents in Kolkata and Ranchi. Questions have been asked on personal finance behaviour, with their responses on a Likert scale. A Factor Analysis has been conducted on these questions to group them into different factors contributing to personal finance behaviour. These identified factors are also compared across generations. Findings - It was concluded that younger generations invest for the objective of keeping funds for emergency purposes, whereas older generations invest for their retirement needs. Younger generations usually invest for the short run, whereas older generations invest for the long run. Also, younger generations invest in easily accessible and popular investment avenues, whereas older invest in the most effective avenue. The items had clustered around six factors namely, Financial Planning, Use of Technology, Financial Independence, Financial Irresponsibility, Financial Openness and Use of Credit Cards. Originality- Behavioral differences across generations is an area that is studied across diverse topics and disciplines. However, very scarce studies have been conducted to assess generational differences in financial behaviour. Practical Implications- This paper attempts to bridge this gap by collecting financial data from respondents of all generations and making a comparison among them. This helps to understand the reasons for differences in investment behaviour of generations.

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