Negotiating work and family: caring for a dependant elderly parent in Portugal

2013 ◽  
pp. 9-28
Author(s):  
Karin Wall ◽  
Sanda Samitca
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
The Other ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Elderly Parents ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Time Work ◽  
The One ◽  
Dependent Elderly

Portugal, as the other European countries, faces an increase of elderly dependant persons. This situation has considerable implications for families, frequently called upon to provide caring tasks. Portugal may be considered as having followed a specific pathway regarding the reconciliation of work and family life. On the one hand, norms emphasize a strong full-time work ethic, for both men and women and growing state support for families and care services; on the other hand, stress is laid on strong family obligations to care. In this paper we analyze the strategies of families in the context of this cultural double bind, whilst caring for dependent elderly parents. Qualitative interviews were carried out with adult children working full time and caring for a parent. Adopting a work-life balance perspective, we address the diversity of care arrangements identified, carers' perceptions of the main difficulties and pressures experienced, as well as the support they can rely upon in order to deal with the situation. The conclusion stress how the plurality of care arrangements is leading to a move away from a familistic care regime towards a more mixed care regime, combining both family care and formal paid services in diverse and complex ways.

scholarly journals Posthumanizm i „syntezoidalny mimetyzm” w komiksie „Vision” Toma Kinga i Gabriela Hernandeza Walty

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 467-479
Author(s):  
Oskar Meller
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Comic Book ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Cultural Texts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

Cultural texts on the subject of posthuman can be found long before the post-anthropocentric turn in humanistic research. Literary explanations of posthumanism have entered the conventional canon not only in terms of the science-fiction classics. However, a different line follows the tradition of presenting posthumanist existence in the comic book medium. Scott Jeffrey accurately notes that most comic superheroes are post- or trans-human. Therefore, the transgression of human existence into a posthumanoid being is presented. However, in the case of the less culturally recognizable character of Vision, a synthezoid from the Marvel’s Avengers team, combining the body of the android and human consciousness, the vector of transgression is reversed. This article is an attempt to analyze the way the humanization process of this hero is narrative in the Vision series of screenwriter Tom King and cartoonist Gabriel Hernandez Walta. On the one hand, King mimetic reproduces the sociological panorama of American suburbs, showing the process of adaptation of the synthesoid family to the realities of full-time work and neighborly intercourse, on the other, he emphasizes the robotic limits of Vision humanization. Ultimately, the narrative line follows the cracks between these two plans, allowing King to present, with the help of inhuman heroes, one of the most human stories in the Marvel superhero universe.

scholarly journals (Re)production of Inequalities in Retirement Practices and Meanings Assigned to the Term ‘Retiree’ in the Post-Communist Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Urbaniak
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Productive Aging ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Wave ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Life Course Transition

In the institutionalized life course transition from work to retirement is the transition that culturally defines the beginning of later life. However, there is no universal way of experiencing retirement or understanding retirees’ social roles. Especially in the context of the post-communist, liquid modern reality in Poland. The social role of the retiree, defined as a set of rules and expectations generated for individuals occupying particular positions in the social structure, is constructed at the intersection of what is culturally defined and individually negotiated. Therefore, the way in which individuals (re)define term “retiree” and “do retirement” reflects not only inequalities in individual resources and attitudes, but also in social structure in a given place and at a given time. In this contribution, I draw upon data from 68 qualitative interviews with retirees from Poland to analyze retirement practices and meanings assigned to the term “retiree.” Applying practice theory, I explore the inequalities they (re)produce, mirror and reinforce at the same time. Results show that there are four broad types of retirement practices: caregiving, working, exploring and disengaging. During analysis of meanings assigned by participants to the term “retiree,” two definitions emerged: one of a “new wave retiree” and the other of a “stagnant retiree.” Results suggest that in the post-communist context, retirement practices and meanings assigned to the term “retiree” are in the ongoing process of (re)negotiation and are influenced on the one hand by the activation demands resulting from discourses of active and productive aging, and on the other by habitus and imaginaries of retirement formed in the bygone communist era. Retirement practices and definitions of the term “retiree” that emerged from the data reflect structural and individual inequalities, highlighting intersection of gender, age and socioeconomic status in the (re)production of inequalities in retirement transition in the post-communist context.

scholarly journals Predikante opleiding: Roeping, keuring en legitimering

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nel
Keyword(s):  
Local Church ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Reality Testing ◽  
Ongoing Training ◽  
The One

Training of Pastors: Calling, Testing and Ordination The profession of being a pastor is under pressure. The challenge for churches and seminaries is to rediscover what it means to be called, and more specifically to be called for full time ministry in a local church. Such a calling needs to be secularised in order to be recovered. In this process the “job” of the called one needs to be determined, at least to a larger extent, by the congregation or parish. The point in question here is the fact that such “functions” as pastors are being given by God for equipping the body (Eph 4:7-16). When this is a reality, testing for such a call asks for a commitment to what the call, training for the profession and retaining status imply. Such testing leads to new freedom and the discovery of the complex nature of ministry on the one hand, and giftedness for specific ministries on the other. While further research is needed, the intermediate questions are whether there are seminaries that are willing to partner with churches to find an answer to the growing gap between professional training and church-based-training, and whether there are churches with the courage to take recruitment, testing, and ongoing training more serious.

scholarly journals The Academic Profession in Neoliberal Times: A Gendered View

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Gaiaschi
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Academic Profession ◽  
Early Career ◽  
The Other ◽  
Career Stages ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Model Research ◽  
Managerial Culture ◽  
The One

While witnessing a feminization of its workforce, the academic profession has experienced a process of market-based regulation that has contributed to the precarization of early career phases and introduced a managerial culture based on competition, hyper-productivity, and entrepreneurship. This paper aims to investigate the implications of these changes for female academics. A mixed model research design was used based on administrative data on the Italian academic population and qualitative interviews with life scientists within a specific academic institution. Results show that the implications of university transformations in terms of gender heterogeneity are complex. On the one hand, the increased precarization of early career stages has increased gender inequalities by reducing female access to tenured positions. On the other, the adoption of performance-based practices has mixed consequences for women, entailing both risks and opportunities, including spaces of agency which may even disrupt male-dominated hierarchies.

scholarly journals Cross-spousal influences on mature-aged Australians’ transitions in and out of employment 2001–2017

2020 ◽  
pp. 002218562095668
Author(s):  
Lyn Craig ◽  
Brendan Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Added Worker Effect ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Gender Patterns ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

This article uses data from the longitudinal Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey to examine cross-spousal influences on workforce transitions by men ( n = 4667) and women ( n = 5051) aged 50–69. We assess how gender patterns in employment (full- and part-time work) and non-employment activity (unemployment, non-employment and homemaking) changed among this age group over the period 2001–2017, which included the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) of 2008. Notwithstanding that more men than women were in full-time work, and more women than men were employed part time or were homemakers, over the period there was an overall rise in employment for both genders, which following the GFC continued most strongly for women. Random effects logistic regression on partnered men and women showed that prior to the GFC one spouse transitioning out of the labour market was associated with significantly higher odds of the other spouse also doing so. This implies coordination, for example spouses retiring together. In contrast, following the GFC, one spouse leaving paid employment was associated with higher odds of the other taking up work or increasing their hours, suggesting that the economic slowdown encouraged an added worker effect in those households, with one spouse compensating for the job loss of the other. The finding was apparent for both men and women.

scholarly journals Work–Family Interference: Nurses in Norway and Finland

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bente Abrahamsen ◽  
Kari Anne Holte ◽  
Marjukka Laine
Keyword(s):  
Work And Family ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Work Schedules ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Work Hour ◽  
Work Family ◽  
Family Harmony ◽  
Job Rewards ◽  
Part Time Work

Abstract The aim of the study is to investigate the level of work–family inter-ference (WFI) for part-time nurses in Norway and Finland. Part-time work is usually cited as a desirable way in which to facilitate work and family harmony. However, the opportunity to work part-time in professions may be associated with greater difficulties and challenges than commonly presumed. Part-time professionals are often stigmatized as being less committed to work and report fewer job rewards than colleagues in full-time positions. This study challenges the notion of the desir-able consequences of work hour flexibility concerning the integration of work and family. Part-time nurses in Norway and Finland report an equal level or even higher levels of interference than nurses in full-time positions. A disproportional distri-bution of inconvenient work schedules appears to be a central explanation for the results reported by Norwegian nurses, but to a lesser degree by Finnish nurses.

Managing Work and Care: Does Employing a Live-in Migrant Care Worker Fill the Gap? The Example of Taiwan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Li-Fang Liang
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Public Care ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
The Government ◽  
Care Worker

This article uses Taiwan as an example to examine how families manage work and care when the government and workplace provide limited support. Many Taiwanese households employ live-in migrant care workers to negotiate care responsibilities and adults’ paid jobs. Based on interviews with employers of live-in migrant care workers and workers, the findings demonstrate that daughters-in-law and occasionally daughters and sons become employers of live-in migrant care workers because of the limitation of public care services and lack of support they receive in seeking to combine paid work and family care responsibility. Even after employing migrant workers, women retain greater care responsibility in daily practices than their husbands. Hiring live-in migrant care workers also imposes risks to all parties involved in the processes of organising, coordinating, and providing care due to the uncertainty of care quality and the nature of care work.

scholarly journals Why do skeletons lie about their age?

2011 ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Ian Magee
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
The One ◽  
Age At Death Estimation

Age is, essentially, a dichotomy of socially defined hierarchies and chronological measurement. On the one hand, an individual is labelled according to a socially defined passage of time (e.g., infant, adult, etc…), which reflects their level of participation within the community, and, on the other, according to a chronologically measured passage of time. Whilst these elements are mutually exclusive in their construct, to varying degrees they are dependent on each other for their definition. It is the variation in these definitions that presents a bioarchaeological paradox. The labels of one element have been borrowed by the other, resulting in semantic confusion of social and metric labelling, which has negatively impacted on any attempt to answer one of the most basic of osteological inquiries, age-at-death estimation. Is a 14 year old in India, who is betrothed, works full time and contributes financially to the household an adult or child? Is a ...

scholarly journals Older parents and adult children: Traditional relationship or closeness throug or at distance?

Sociologija ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 287-305
Author(s):  
Sladjana Dragisic-Labas
Keyword(s):  
Adult Children ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Other ◽  
Older Parents ◽  
Elderly Parents ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Care Of Elderly ◽  
The One ◽  
Reproductive Activities

A good relationship between older parents and adult children is an important part of active aging. This relationship is being transformed in different ways through all stages of life. Closeness, support and care of elderly parents by children and the other way around of descendants, both children and grandchildren by their parents and grandparents definitely facilitates and reduces the amount of care to be delivered from the community and wider society as such. However, the state often conveys its own part of responsibility to the elderly or the children, whereas the traditional culture presupposes a reciprocal care to be a moral norm, hence we get the so called ?nonsense? situation i.e., overloaded and exhausted adult children or burdened parents on the one side and preserved ?state? of well-being, on the other. In this work, we will consider the relationship between older parents and adult children using the collected data from 52 interviews (with content analysis method applied) conducted with people over 65, from Belgrade. It becomes clear that this relationship marks the everyday life - work, reproductive activities, leisure, health, i.e., the most relevant aspects of our respondents? lives. The so called ?distant closeness? proved to be efficient in Western societies and referring to our research, it is described as desirable but not always feasible. . It is also more preferable for female than for male respondents. The male respondents have higher expectations from their children when it comes to care and help. Sharing of more responsibility over needs of elderly and their children by society, could significantly enable the realization of what we here labelled ?distant closeness?.

scholarly journals Religious involvement of University of Pretoria campus students. Results of an enquiry

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-124
Author(s):  
J J Kritzinger
Keyword(s):  
Religious Involvement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Main Campus ◽  
University Of Pretoria ◽  
The One ◽  
Very High

In a large sample of full-time University of Pretoria main campus students it was  found  that  a very high percentage of all the students reported an affiliation to religious bodies. They also generally regarded themselves as religious.  Many also regularly took part in the religious programmes. Quite a rosy statistical picture could be drawn. The one worrying result is the  chasm  which  shows between what the students regard as their religious organisation’s views on certain moral issues, on  the one hand, and their own lifestyles, on the other.

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