scholarly journals Criminal predictors and protective factors in a sample of young offenders : relationship to offending trajectories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Ward
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Offending Trajectories ◽  
Individual Family ◽  
Stepwise Procedure ◽  
Broken Home ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Although the predictors of delinquency are well-documented in the psychological and criminological literature, an understanding of their relationship with longitudinal criminality in an offender sample has not been achieved. The purpose of this thesis was to examine the relationship between childhood and adolescent criminal predictors and protective factors and the four criminal trajectories identified by Day et al. (2008). Results revealed differences in predictor items among the trajectory groups within the individual, family and peer domains during childhood and adolescence. A backward stepwise procedure found that the following childhood variables, broken home and involvement with alternative care. Identifying the factors influencing the onset and maintenance of criminality can inform prevention and intervention programs that target antisocial and delinquent behaviour.

scholarly journals Criminal predictors and protective factors in a sample of young offenders : relationship to offending trajectories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Ward
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Offending Trajectories ◽  
Individual Family ◽  
Stepwise Procedure ◽  
Broken Home ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Although the predictors of delinquency are well-documented in the psychological and criminological literature, an understanding of their relationship with longitudinal criminality in an offender sample has not been achieved. The purpose of this thesis was to examine the relationship between childhood and adolescent criminal predictors and protective factors and the four criminal trajectories identified by Day et al. (2008). Results revealed differences in predictor items among the trajectory groups within the individual, family and peer domains during childhood and adolescence. A backward stepwise procedure found that the following childhood variables, broken home and involvement with alternative care. Identifying the factors influencing the onset and maintenance of criminality can inform prevention and intervention programs that target antisocial and delinquent behaviour.

Searching for Social Support Moderates the Relationship Between Polyvictimization and Externalizing Symptoms: A Brief Report

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristóbal Guerra ◽  
Claudia Ocaranza ◽  
Kchatriani Weinberger
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Adverse Influence ◽  
The Relationship

Externalizing disorders emerge most readily during adolescence, especially in traumatized population. In this context, it is necessary to determine the factors influencing these disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of polyvictimization in developing externalizing symptoms while considering the possible effects of active coping related to the search for social support. The participants were 78 adolescents ( M = 14.18, SD = 1.63) cared for in child and adolescent protection public services in Chile. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that polyvictimization was a good predictor of externalizing symptoms, but searching for social support acted as a moderator in that relationship. The results show that searching for social support acts as a protective factor and decreases the adverse influence of polyvictimization over externalizing symptoms. Prevention and intervention programs should consider improvements in the coping strategies of poly-victims with externalizing problems.

scholarly journals Child Psychiatry and Early Intervention: I. The Aggregate Burden of Suffering*

1992 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Beitchman ◽  
Alison Inglis ◽  
Debbie Schachter
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Child Psychiatry ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Community Resources ◽  
Childhood Disorders ◽  
Individual Family ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Aggregate Burden

This paper discusses the need to estimate the costs of an illness to properly allocate intervention resources for the various psychiatric disorders of childhood. Disorders that require the most community resources should be given the highest priority for early intervention programs. Factors to consider for estimating disorders which are most costly are discussed here: the incidence of the disorder, its severity, whether it is episodic or stable, and its impact on the individual, family and the community. These factors contribute to the aggregate burden of suffering caused by a disorder.

Person or system – What leads to surgical advances?

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean PF Hughes
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

To understand the relationship between standardisation and originality in surgery, the contributions of three surgeons in the 20th century are analysed. The individual Arbuthnot Lane, the collectivist Robert Jones and the scientist Alexis Carrel changed the practice of orthopaedic surgery. It is argued that the factors influencing innovation are not binary but multifactorial and that advances in surgery occur when individual freedom is permitted within a system. It is concluded that innovation and standardisation in orthopaedic surgery need not conflict with each other.

scholarly journals Child Psychiatry and Early Intervention: IV. The Externalizing Disorders*

1992 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Beitchman ◽  
Alison Inglis ◽  
Debbie Schachter
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Child Psychiatry ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Individual Family ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Aggregate Burden

This paper is the last in a series of four using the concept of the aggregate burden of suffering to -review the major psychiatric disorders of childhood. This paper reviews the externalizing disorders of childhood to prioritize early intervention programs. The paper discusses the prevalence, course, risk and early indicators, associated impairments, and responses to intervention. The externalizing disorders affect the individual, family and community and are thought to result in the greatest aggregate burden of suffering of all the childhood mental disorders. Early intervention is advocated and will likely need to be intense and long term for this group of children. The need for research into efficient and effective programs is emphasized.

Impact of investor sentiment on decision-making in Indian stock market: an empirical analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haritha P.H. ◽  
Rashmi Uchil
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Investor Sentiment ◽  
Individual Investors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Effect ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the factors influencing investors sentiment and investment decision-making (DM) of the individual investors. This paper proposes a unique conceptual framework that incorporates the herding, market and awareness factors that are leading to investor sentiment (IS) and decision-making process of the individual investors. Design/methodology/approach This study has conducted a questionnaire-based survey to collect data from 875 individual investors through the convenience sampling method. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the relationship between factors, namely, market effect, herd behavior, media, social interaction and advocate recommendation that influences IS and DM. Findings The present study found that market effect and herding are the most significantly influencing factors of investors sentiment. Among the sources of awareness, the internet has the lowest influence when compared to media, social interaction and advocate recommendation. Practical implications This study will help individual investors to avoid the problems faced while making an investment decision. The study could help investors to select a suitable investment aid and avoid repeating expensive errors, which arise due to investors’ sentiment. It is recommended to increase the awareness regarding investors’ sentiment among individuals, so as to increase their understanding about the financial settings and to make them confident while investing. The present study also sheds light upon the behavior of Indian individual investors so that policymakers can take appropriate measures to provide the proper guidance. Policymakers can conduct awareness campaigns to increase investors’ knowledge on the market condition and to enhance proper investment DM among them. Originality/value To best of the authors’ knowledge, previous studies have focused on limited factors at a time. The present study has investigated how factors influencing investors sentiment, namely, market factors (MF), herding as well as awareness would influence investment DM among individual investors in India. The influence of these factors has never been studied simultaneously in the context of Indian individual investors’ DM.

Prospective impact of individual, family and community youth assets on adolescent suicide ideation

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Lensch ◽  
Kristen Clements-Nolle ◽  
Roy F Oman ◽  
Minggen Lu ◽  
Amanda Dominguez
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Adolescent Suicide ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Individual Family ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Youth Assets

BackgroundStudies have found that youth assets have a protective influence on many risk behaviours. However, the relationship between youth assets and adolescent suicide ideation is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine if youth assets were prospectively associated with suicide ideation.MethodsFour waves of data were collected from 1111 youth and their parents living in randomly sampled census tracts that were stratified by income and race/ethnicity using census data. Computer-assisted, in-person data collection methods were used to measure assets at the individual (6 assets), family (4 assets) and community (6 assets) levels. Generalised linear mixed models were used to prospectively assess the relationship between the number of individual-level, family-level and community-level assets and suicide ideation, while controlling for known confounders.ResultsAbout half of the sample was female (53%). Participants were racially/ethnically diverse (white (41%), Hispanic (29%) and black (24%)). Eleven of the 16 assets were associated with reduced odds of suicide ideation. In addition, there was a graded relationship between the number of assets at each level (individual, family and community) and the odds of suicide ideation. For example, compared with youth with 0–2 family assets, those with 3 (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.90) or 4 (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.21 to 0.51) family assets had lower odds of suicide ideation.ConclusionsThis prospective analysis showed a protective relationship between youth assets and suicide ideation, with the greatest protection among youth with the most assets. Interventions designed to build youth assets may be a useful strategy for reducing adolescent suicide ideation.

Factors Influencing the Gender Difference in Dream Recall Frequency

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schredl
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Dream Recall ◽  
Dream Recall Frequency ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Relationship

The results of the present study confirmed earlier findings of heightened dream recall frequency in women. The variables “meaningfulness of dreams” and “occurrence of problem-solving dreams” significantly reduced the correlation coefficient between gender and dream recall frequency. However, the question of causality remains unsolved. Other variables such as emotional intensity of dreams or nightmare frequency did not affect the relationship between gender and dream recall in a substantial way. Future research should manipulate systematically the variables under consideration, e.g., attitude toward dreams in order to observe the effects of this procedure on dream recall frequency and focus on the development of the gender difference during childhood and adolescence in relation to the child's understanding of the dream phenomenon.

Do Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Offending Vary Across Indigenous and White Youth Followed Prospectively Through Full Adulthood?

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 1247-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan C. McCuish ◽  
Raymond R. Corrado
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Adolescent Offenders ◽  
White Youth ◽  
Indigenous Youth ◽  
Socioeconomic Outcomes ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Offending Trajectories ◽  
The Individual

Although Indigenous youth are overrepresented in justice systems across North America, Australia, and New Zealand, explanations for this overrepresentation are principally theoretical as data at the individual level are lacking. Risk for offending among Indigenous youth may be overestimated because of their typically more negative socioeconomic outcomes tied to historical injustices perpetrated by governments across different nations. Data on 403 adolescent offenders followed from ages 12 to 29 were used to examine offending trajectories and associated risk and protective factors across Indigenous and White participants. A greater number of social adversities characterized Indigenous youth, yet they did not differ from White youth in their likelihood of assignment to the highest rate offending trajectory. Culturally sensitive assessment of risk for offending is recommended.

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