scholarly journals Assessing Deteriorated Concrete Structures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Greto
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Rehabilitation Engineering ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Concrete Deterioration ◽  
Concrete Failure ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Selection Of

In today’s society, concrete structures are deteriorating for a variety of reasons. In order to properly repair these structures, it is important to completely understand the root cause of each type of deterioration. Over the years, engineers have developed methods for identifying the causes of concrete failure. This paper recognizes the different forms of concrete deterioration, identifies the test methods which have been developed to locate these concrete defects (both non-destructive and destructive), reviews different case studies which have been performed on concrete parking structures implementing these test methods and draws conclusions from surveys which were conducted of professionals in the rehabilitation engineering field. Additionally, this research project develops a strategy which is meant to aid with the selection of concrete test methods to be used in diverse concrete deterioration situations.

scholarly journals Assessing Deteriorated Concrete Structures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Greto
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Rehabilitation Engineering ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Concrete Deterioration ◽  
Concrete Failure ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Selection Of

In today’s society, concrete structures are deteriorating for a variety of reasons. In order to properly repair these structures, it is important to completely understand the root cause of each type of deterioration. Over the years, engineers have developed methods for identifying the causes of concrete failure. This paper recognizes the different forms of concrete deterioration, identifies the test methods which have been developed to locate these concrete defects (both non-destructive and destructive), reviews different case studies which have been performed on concrete parking structures implementing these test methods and draws conclusions from surveys which were conducted of professionals in the rehabilitation engineering field. Additionally, this research project develops a strategy which is meant to aid with the selection of concrete test methods to be used in diverse concrete deterioration situations.

Words from Bononia Legal Corpus

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-34
Author(s):  
Rema Rossini Favretti ◽  
F. Tamburini ◽  
E. Martelli
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Project ◽  
European Legislation ◽  
Corpus Design ◽  
Text Types ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
Machine Readable ◽  
Selection Of

The analysis of special multilingual corpora is still in its infancy, but it may serve a particularly important role for the directions it offers both in cross-linguistic investigation and in the selection of the most typical features of text types and genres. To exemplify the information which can be obtained from corpus evidence, the paper reports on an on-going corpus-driven research project, named Bononia Legal Corpus (BOLC). The main aim of BOLC is to build multilingual machine readable law corpora. Data are at present limited to English and Italian, but an extension is envisaged to include other languages. Before the first sample, a preliminary pilot corpus was constructed to consider European legislation and create a conceptual framework to be used as a first-level experience. In the paper, sections 2 and 3 describe the corpus design and formatting as well as the corpus access tools. Sections 4 and 5 discuss two case studies and analyse two semantic areas which can be seen as two ends of the same variational continuum. At one end, we consider the words contratto and contract, which through the extension of international transactions and circulation may be supposed to have acquired transnational traits. At the other, we focus on a semantic area which may be expected to present translation problems for the differences existing in the two socio-institutional systems. Reference is made to the English words tax and duty and to the Italian words tassa and imposta.

Elektrochemische, zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für Zustandsanalysen und Qualitätssicherung bei Instandsetzung von Stahlbetonbauten / Electrochemical non-destructive test methods for the assessment and quality control of restoration measures of reinforced concrete structures

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 581-602
Author(s):  
H. Wojtas
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Potential Mapping ◽  
Concrete Resistivity ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Restoration Measures

Abstract In this state of the art report the electrochemical, non destructive techniques for the survey, assessment and the quality control of reinforced concrete structures such as the potential mapping, the measuring of concrete resistivity and the polarisation resistance for on-site applications are described. Along with a short description of each technique especially those aspects are discussed, that are important for on-site applications: possibilities and limits of the technique as well its suitability for use in the different stages of rehabilitation works. The examples from practical on-site applications will be presented in a following report.

scholarly journals Study of technical parameters of experimental traffic signs — results obtained within the frames of RID 4F research project

2018 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Rafał Lusa ◽  
Paweł Skierczyński ◽  
Leszek Kornalewski ◽  
Adam Czyżewski ◽  
Barbara Rymsza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Traffic Signs ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Selection Of

This article presents the principles of selection of colours and the thickness of lines during designing of traffic signs, the legal aspects traffic signs must correspond to, test methods used during assessment of both roadway markings and vertical experimental traffic signs, results of studies of those signs and their assessment in the case of possible changes in drivers behaviour.

REVIEW PAPER ON NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING AND THEIR ACCURACIES TO MEASURE THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adan Bishar Hussein ◽  
Mohamed Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Capacity Limits ◽  
Destructive Test ◽  
Non Destructive

This paper aims to respond to these concerns through the identification and explanation of the most popular and effective NDT approaches in concrete structures and also their accuracies. The fundamentals of the non-destructive test methods are discussed in terms of their capacity, limits, inspection techniques and interpretations. Factors that affect the performance of NDT an approach are discussed and means of mediate their influence was suggested. Ultrasonic pulse velocity and SONREB methods of Non-destructive test are showed in this paper as past experiments of NDT. NDT of concrete was found to be increasingly recognized as a way of measuring the strength, integrity, resilience and other properties of existing concrete structures, Perceptions of NDT inadequacy are attributed to lack of knowledge of the building materials and the NDT approaches themselves. The goal of this paper is to resolve these issues reviewing some articles already done and defining and discussing the most common popular NDT methods applied to concrete structures.

Isolating an Open in 2.5D µBump & Chip Bump Chains using SDR, EBAC and Capacitive Measurements

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Distelhurst ◽  
Doug Hunt ◽  
Dan Bader
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
Common Solution ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Isolation Techniques ◽  
Magnetic Field Imaging ◽  
Semiconductor Packages ◽  
Time Critical ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract The limitations of Moore’s Law have led to alternatives in semiconductor packages that provide more functionality. Stacking multiple chips in 2.5D and 3D configurations has become a common solution. During the development of these technologies, test chains of chip to chip micro bumps and thru silicon via’s (TSV’s) at various regions within the stack are often employed. These present new challenges to the already difficult process of localizing open and resistive chain fails deep within the stack for root-cause analysis. A combination of quick and effective fault isolation techniques is often required to reliably isolate an open in a time critical situation. Capacitive measurements is a useful technique in some cases for obtaining a quick general location of an open. Magnetic Field Imaging (MFI), specifically Space Domain Reflectometry (SDR), is a non-destructive technique that can provide a relatively accurate location of an open. Electron Beam Absorbed Current (EBAC) is another useful technique in confirming and further isolating the open as the region of interest of the sample is approached via cross-sectioning or planar deprocessing. Case studies using these three techniques are presented and their strengths and weaknesses are discussed. The case studies focus on ìbump and chip bump chains in 2.5D samples.

scholarly journals Non-destructive and semi-destructive diagnostics of concrete structures in assessment of their durability

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hoła ◽  
J. Bień ◽  
Ł. Sadowski ◽  
K. Schabowicz
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Comprehensive Classification ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract This paper proposes a comprehensive classification of test methods for the diagnosis of concrete structures. The main focus is on the ranges of suitability of the particular methods and techniques for assessing the durability of structures, depending on the principal degradation mechanisms and their effects on this durability. The survey covers non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, which do not in any way breach the integrity of the tested structures, and semi-destructive testing (SDT) methods requiring material samples to be taken or any other minor breach of structural integrity. An original taxonomy of physical, chemical and biological diagnostic methods, useful in assessment of concrete structures durability, is proposed. Equipment specific for selected advanced testing methods is presented as well as exemplary test results.

The Research Project «Names of Modern Professions» in Extracurricular Work with 6-th Grade Russian Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
M. I. Vasileva
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of the study was to investigate approaches to the formation of general educational skills. A survey examining the design and research process was carried out by 6th-grade Russian students over the course of an extracurricular project entitled «Names of Modern Professions». In the paper, the selection of the «Lexicology» section for such activities carried out by school pupils is substantiated and stages of work on the project are described. The applied methodology involves theoretical analysis of scientific literature, formative experimentation, analysis of products of educational activities, observation and description. It is concluded that the design of extracurricular research activities in the Russian language contributes to the formation of general educational competencies in conducting surveys and searching for information on the basis of subject skills.

Interpreting Laser-Based Fault Localization Results: Case Studies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukho Lee ◽  
John van den Biggelaar ◽  
Marc van Veenhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Circuit Design ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Resistance Change ◽  
Voltage Imaging ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
First Case ◽  
Proper Interpretation

Abstract Laser-based dynamic analysis has become a very important tool for analyzing advanced process technology and complex circuit design. Thus, many good reference papers discuss high resolution, high sensitivity, and useful applications. However, proper interpretation of the measurement is important as well to understand the failure behavior and find the root cause. This paper demonstrates this importance by describing two insightful case studies with unique observations from laser voltage imaging/laser voltage probing (LVP), optical beam induced resistance change, and soft defect localization (SDL) analysis, which required an in-depth interpretation of the failure analysis (FA) results. The first case is a sawtooth LVP signal induced by a metal short. The second case, a mismatched result between an LVP and SDL analysis, is a good case of unusual LVP data induced by a very sensitive response to laser light. The two cases provide a good reference on how to properly explain FA results.

Contamination Troubleshooting Approach from Problem to Solution

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor K. F. Chia ◽  
Hugh E. Gotts ◽  
Fuhe Li ◽  
Mark Camenzind
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Semiconductor Devices ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Contamination Source ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Sources Of Contamination

Abstract Semiconductor devices are sensitive to contamination that can cause product defects and product rejects. There are many possible types and sources of contamination. Root cause resolution of the contamination source can improve yield. The purpose of contamination troubleshooting is to identify and eliminate major yield limiters. This requires the use of a variety of analytical techniques[1]. Most important, it requires an understanding of the principle of contamination troubleshooting and general knowledge of analytical tests. This paper describes a contamination troubleshooting approach with case studies as examples of its application.

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