Characterization of chia plant (Salvia hispanica) for pulping

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 511-524
Author(s):  
TASLIMA FERDOUS ◽  
M.A. QUAIYYUM ◽  
KAZI M. YASIN ARAFAT ◽  
M. SARWAR JAHAN
Keyword(s):  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Alkaline Peroxide ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Flexibility Coefficient ◽  
Anatomical Properties ◽  
Peroxyformic Acid ◽  
Syringyl To Guaiacyl Ratio

In this paper, chia plant was characterized in terms of chemical, morphological, and anatomical properties. Chia plant was characterized with low α-cellulose (30.5%); moderate lignin (23.2%) with syringyl to guaiacyl ratio of 1.41; and shorter fiber length (0.67 mm) with thinner cell wall (1.91 μm) and good flexibility coefficient (71.44). Anatomical features showed that chia plant consists of vessels, fibers, parenchyma cells, and collenchyma cells. Chia plant pulping was evaluated in soda-anthraquinone (soda-AQ) and formic acid/peroxyformic acid (FA/PFA) processes. Chia plant was difficult to delignify in the alkaline process. The FA/PFA process produced higher pulp yield at the same kappa number than the soda-AQ process. Unbleached soda-AQ chia pulp exhibited good proper-ties in terms of tensile, bursting, and tearing strengths, even at the unrefined stage, due to high drainability of the pulps. Alkaline peroxide bleached FA/PFA pulp exhibited better papermaking properties and 2% higher brightness than the D0(EP)D1 bleached soda-AQ pulp.

Formic Acid-Peroxyformic Acid Pulping of Aspen Wood: An Optimization Study

Holzforschung ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Abad ◽  
V. Santos ◽  
J. C. Parajó
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Aspen Wood ◽  
Acid Media ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Alkaline Resistance ◽  
Peroxyformic Acid

Summary Populus tremula* Populus tremuloides wood samples were subjected to three-stage pulping in formic acid media with hydrogen peroxide addition, according to the Milox process. By means of three incomplete, second-order, centered, factorial designs, the effects of selected operational variables on the composition and technical properties of pulps were assessed for optimization purposes. Under the best conditions assayed, a pulp with 2.30% lignin, 87.0 % cellulose and 3.25% xylan was obtained at 53.2% pulp yield. Good SCAN viscosity (826 ml/g), reduced Kappa number (9.0) and satisfactory alkaline resistance (R-10 = 89.0; R-18 = 91.0) proved the potentiality of the selected pulp for dissolving pulp production.

Chemical and morphological characterization and pulping of Casuarina equisetifolia

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash Mamon Sarkar ◽  
M Sarwar Jahan ◽  
Jannatun Nayeem ◽  
Kazi M Yasin Arafat ◽  
M Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Casuarina Equisetifolia ◽  
Kraft Process ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Narrow Lumen ◽  
Peroxyformic Acid ◽  
Coastal Afforestation ◽  
Syringyl Unit

Abstract Bangladesh is very much successful in coastal afforestation programmes, which protects from frequent cyclones. Casuarina equisetifolia has showed a climate resilient and promising species. No study has been done on industrial application of C. equisetifolia in Bangladesh. In this study, C. equisetifolia was characterized in terms of chemical, morphological and anatomical properties. It is characterized with higher α-cellulose, similar hemicelluloses and lignin as compared to other hardwood species grown in Bangladesh. The C. equisetifolia lignin contained mainly of syringyl unit followed by guaiacyl unit. The fiber of C. equisetifolia was shorter in length with very thick cell wall and narrow lumen, consequently the wood density and runkel ratio were very high (2.89). The C. equisetifolia was also fractionated by formic acid (FA) at atmospheric pressure to pulp, dissolved lignin and hemicelluloses. Pulp yield was 50 % with kappa number of 40 at the conditions of 3 h treatment with 90 % FA followed by 2 h peroxyformic acid treatment. But in the kraft process, C. equisetifolia produced pulp yield of 44 % with kappa number 17. Both pulps showed good bleachability. The papermaking properties were in acceptable range. Finally, it can be said that C. equisetifolia is promising species for pulping.

Characterization of Anthocephalus Cadamba and its Delignification by Kraft Pulping

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAN LAL ◽  
DHARM DUTT ◽  
C. H. TYAGI ◽  
J. S. UPADHYAY ◽  
SIDDHARTHA UPADHYAY
Keyword(s):  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Tropical Hardwood ◽  
Pinus Kesiya ◽  
Rigidity Coefficient ◽  
Pulp Production ◽  
Anthocephalus Cadamba

Anthocephalus cadamba is a fast-growing deciduous tropical hardwood with anatomical, morphological, and chemical characteristics that make it suitable for pulp production. The fibers are short but fiber width, cell wall thickness, and rigidity coefficient of A. cadamba are comparable to those of softwoods such as Pinus kesiya and Picea abies. Due to low lignin and high holocellulose contents, A. cadamba produces high pulp yield at milder cooking conditions. We studied the effect of sulfidity, cooking time, and temperature on pulp yield and kappa number during kraft pulping. The effect of ageing on pulp yield, kappa number, and viscosity indicated that 4-year-old A. cadamba is suitable for pulp production and produces optimal strength properties at 44 Schopper-Riegler degree (°SR).

Chemical, anatomical, and technology aspects of Eucalyptus benthamii and Eucalyptus dunii for use in an integrated pulp and paper mill

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
GISELY SAMISTRARO ◽  
PETER W. HART ◽  
JORGE LUIZ COLODETTE ◽  
RICARDO PAIM
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Physical Strength

Eucalyptus dunii has been commercially used in southern Brazil because of its relatively good frost tolerance and adequate productivity in the winter months. More recently, interest has grown in cultivating Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage, which presents even superior frost tolerance compared to E. dunii and is highly productive as well. The quality of E. benthamii for pulp production is not yet proven. Thus, the chemical, anatomical, and technological aspects of pulp made from E. benthamii were compared with those of E. dunii for unbleached paper production. Samples of E. benthamii chips were obtained and analyzed for their basic density, chemical composition, higher heating value, trace elemental analysis, and chip size distribution. The chips were kraft cooked using conditions that produced a 74 ± 6 kappa number. The pulps were characterized for kappa number, yield, viscosity, and morphologic characteristics (e.g., length, wall thickness, and coarseness). Black liquor was analyzed for total solids, organics, inorganics, sodium sulfide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium carbonate. Brownstocks were beaten at five different energy levels in a Valley beater, and the physical strength properties of 120 g/m² handsheets were measured to develop a beater curve. The results of this study showed differences in delignification between the two woods and lower pulp yield for E. benthamii , which are related to their chemical compositions and basic densities. The E. benthamii studied in this work exhibited higher amounts of lignin and extractives, lower carbohydrate content, and lower basic density. However, cooking a blend of the two woods afforded good results in pulping and in physical pulp properties.

Prehydrolysis kraft pulping of jute cutting and caddis mixture for rayon production

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANNATUN NAYEEM ◽  
M. SARWAR JAHAN ◽  
RAZIA SULTANA POPY ◽  
M. NASHIR UDDIN ◽  
M.A. QUAIYYUM
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
Rayon Production ◽  
Kraft Cooking ◽  
Prehydrolysis Kraft

Jute cutting, jute caddis, and cutting-caddis mixtures were prehydrolyzed by varying time and temperature to get about 90% prehydrolyzed yield. At the conditions of 170°C for 60 min of prehydrolysis, the yield for 100% jute cutting was 76.3%, while the same for jute caddis was only 67.9%. But with prehydrolysis at 150°C for 60 min, the yield was 90% for jute cutting, where 49.94% of original pentosan was dissolved and prehydrolysis of jute caddis at 140°C in 60 min yielded 86.4% solid residue. Jute cutting-caddis mixed prehydrolysis was done at 140°C for 30 min and yielded 92% solid residue for 50:50 cutting-caddis mixtures, where pentosan dissolution was only 29%. Prehydrolyzed jute cutting, jute caddis, and cutting-caddis mixtures were subsequently kraft cooked. Pulp yield was only 40.9% for 100% jute cutting prehydrolyzed at 170°C for 60 min, which was 10.9% lower than the prehydrolysis at 140°C. For jute cutting-caddis mixed prehydrolysis at 140°C for 45 min followed by kraft cooking, pulp yield decreased by 3.3% from the 100% cutting to 50% caddis in the mixture, but 75% caddis in the mixture decreased pulp yield by 6.7%. The kappa number 50:50 cutting-caddis mixture was only 11.3. Pulp bleachability improved with increasing jute cutting proportion in the cutting-caddis mixture pulp.

Kraft pulping and bleaching of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (water hyacinth)

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 9243-9264
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando Pintor-Ibarra ◽  
José de Jesús Rivera-Prado ◽  
Sarai Ramos-Vargas ◽  
Teófilo Escoto-García ◽  
Nancy Eloisa Rodríguez-Olalde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Pulp Bleaching ◽  
Cellulosic Pulp ◽  
Unbleached Pulp

Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) was pulped by means of a kraft pulping process with reagent loads of 10 and 20% on a dry matter basis to determine yield, rejects, kappa number, and ash. Fiber classification, brightness, opacity, and viscosity were measured in the brown pulp. Bleaching was performed by means of an O1O2D1(PO)D2HD3 sequence. Yield, kappa number, pH, ash, brightness, opacity, and viscosity were evaluated in the bleached pulp. Finally, a microanalysis of inorganic elements was carried out in both the bleached and unbleached pulp ash. The highest kraft pulp yield was 26.4%, with a 10% reagent load at 120 °C and 30 minutes cooking. It was determined that E. crassipes cellulosic pulp contains large amounts of fines. Results of the bleaching sequence indicate low brightness (58.0 %) and low viscosity (6.43 cP). The most abundant inorganic elements in the ash of both bleached and unbleached pulp were Ca, Mg, P, and Si. These results suggest that E. crassipes biomass might complement cellulosic fibers in pulping processes of low yield, such as the wood fibers used to produce handmade paper.

scholarly journals Potassium hydroxide pulping of four non-woods

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sutradhar ◽  
M Sarkar ◽  
J Nayeem ◽  
M Sarwar Jahan ◽  
C Tian
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Corchorus Capsularis ◽  
Sesbania Bispinosa ◽  
Soda Pulping ◽  
Good Substitute

Four non-woods such as, dhaincha (Sesbania bispinosa), jute stick (Corchorus capsularis), wheat straw (Triticum aestivum) and corn stalks (Zea mays) were cooked by potassium hydroxide (KOH) at the optimum conditions of soda pulping. Dhaincha, wheat straw and corn stalks were delignified to kappa number 19.4, 13.6 and 19, respectively, while jute stick was not delignified sufficiently (kappa number 32.5). All these four raw materials maintained good yield in KOH process. Dhaincha produced the highest pulp yield (50.5%) and wheat straw had the lowest pulp yield (44.7). All pulps were bleached by D0EpD1 bleaching sequences in identical bleaching conditions. Final pulp brightness reached to above 80% ISO except jute stick pulp. Jute stick pulp reached to 74.9% brightness only after the consumption of 30 kg ClO2/ ton of pulp. The overall bleaching yields were 92.6%, 88.4%, 90.1 and 90.8% for dhaincha, jute stick, wheat straw and corn stalks pulps, respectively. The oSR of these four non-wood bleached pulps was above 20, consequently improved papermaking in the unrefined state. Beating rapidly increased papermaking properties, as for example, the tensile index of dhaincha pulps increased from 49 N.m/g in the unrefined pulp to 90 N.m/g in the beaten 50 oSR. It can be seen that KOH is a good substitute to soda process for non-wood.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(1), 1-6, 2018

Application of Chelating Agents as Cooking Aids in Bamboo Pulping

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 1520-1523
Author(s):  
Hong Xia Gao ◽  
Wen Hua He ◽  
Xiu Qiong Guan ◽  
Chun Liu ◽  
Bo Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Diethylene Triamine ◽  
Bamboo Pulp ◽  
Kraft Cooking ◽  
Pulp Strength

The effect of chelating agents Diethylene Triamine Penta Methylene Phosphonic Acid in bamboo kraft cooking was studied. The results show that the bamboo pulp yield was 49.52% when DTPMPA dosage is 0.4%, at the same time the Kappa number was lower. With the increasing of DTPMPA dosage in bamboo kraft pulping, the bamboo pulp strength was increased.

scholarly journals Anatomía vegetativa de Ctenitis melanosticta (Dryopteridaceae, Pteridophyta)

2017 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Victoria Hernández-Hernández ◽  
Teresa Terrazas ◽  
Klaus Mehltreter
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Adaxial Epidermis ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Fungal Hyphae ◽  
Available Information

The root, rhizome, petiole and blade anatomy of Ctenitis melanosticta was studied and compared with the available information for closely related genera. Root is diarc with sclerenchyma and parenchyma cells in the cortex, with fungal hyphae exclusively in the latter. The occurrence of sclereid nests in the rhizome is shared with Dryopteris and Campyloneurum. A cortical band was present in petiole and lamina, as in Dryopteris and other genera of the most derived ferns. The lamina had unifacial mesophyll and under the adaxial epidermis there were several layers of the fiber, as described for Elaphoglossum and Thelypteris, but differed from Asplenium, Dryopteris, and Polybotrya with collenchyma. The anatomy of C. melanosticta was similar to that of most species studied of Dryopteridaceae, although with some differences. Additional anatomical studies in species of Dryopteridaceae will allow to confirm the diagnostic value of several anatomical features, such as the lack of cortical band in the rhizome, the sclereid nests, the unifacial mesophyll, and the cortical band in the lamina.

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