scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Profile of Molecular Markers of Mammary Carcinomas in Libreville

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Barthélemy Mabika ◽  
Nicole Josiane Andeme ◽  
Sidonie Solange Nguizi Ogoula ◽  
Guy Joseph Lémamy
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Mammary Carcinomas ◽  
Luminal B ◽  
Immunohistochemical Profile

To establish the immunohistochemical profile of the molecular markers of free-ranging breast carcinomas. Descriptive retrospective study over 3 years from July 2014 to September 2017. The tumour samples came from the Anatomical Pathology Laboratories of the Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Instruction Hospital and the University of Health Sciences. In total, the records of 60 patients with histologically proven breast carcinoma with the immunohistochemical study were included in the study. The following molecular markers, hormone receptors (estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors), the HER2/Neu oncogene, and the Ki67 cell proliferation marker, was identified using the Immunohistochemistry technique.The average age was 47.6 years, with extremes of 15 and 69 years. Depending on the location, the right breast was most commonly affected (50%). Histologically, there was a predominance of infiltrating ductal carcinomas (66.6%) and a majority SBR III grade (50%). This study revealed an immunohistochemical profile of positive hormone receptors: ERs + (13.3%); PRs + (8.3%) and a Ki67 profile positive in 10% of tumors. The molecular classification into 4 subtypes (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2 and Triple Negative) places the Luminal A group in the first rank (33.3%) followed by the Luminal B (15%), Triple Negative (11.6%) and HER2 (8.3%). The present work is the first study reporting the immunohistochemical profile of molecular markers of mammary carcinomas in Gabon. It would be necessary to continue this study on a larger and wider cohort throughout Gabon because the knowledge of the immunohistochemical profile gives an indication of the origin of breast cancers and allows to consider better management of patients by a targeted therapy to avoid unnecessary toxic effects resulting from ineffective treatment.

The role of Ki-67 in molecular breast cancer classification.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 583-583
Author(s):  
George Stathopoulos ◽  
Nikolaos Malamos ◽  
Christos Markopoulos ◽  
Athanasios Polychronis ◽  
Sotirios Rigatos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Luminal B ◽  
Her 2

583 Background: The Ki-67 antigen was identified the involvement in early steps of polymerase I-dependent ribosomal RNA synthesis. Although it seems that the protein has an important function in cell division, its exact role is still obscure and there is little published work on its overall function. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the contribution of Ki-67 level in respect of tumor recurrence in molecular classified groups of breast cancer patients. Methods: Breast cancer tumor samples were examined for histological confirmation and for estrogen and progesterone receptors, c-erb-B2 expression, proliferation with Grade and Ki-67. Ki-67 was divided in percentage levels, up to 20 and higher than 20%. Immunohistochemistry and Fluorescence in situ hybridization is described for the results of ER, PR, c-erb-B2, Ki-67 biomarkers. Formaldehyde – fixed breast samples were paraffin wax embedded and processed for paraffin sections. The primary antibodies used were: The monoclinal antibody ID5 (M7047, Dakocytomation, Carpinteria, CA) for the detection of ER, the monoclonal anti-PR antibody 636 was used. For the detection of Ki-67 we used monoclonal mouse anti-human Ki-67 MIB-1. The patients molecular classification was Luminal A, Luminal B, Her-2 subtype and basal cell (triple negative). Results: 847 breast cancer patients were recruited. 291 were group as Luminal A, 228 as Luminal B, 221 Her-2 subtype and 107 triple negative. Follow-up was from 3 years to 15 years since diagnosis. It was found that in Luminal A patients, none had Ki-67 higher than 20% and the recurrence was in 10.65%. In Luminal B, the Ki-67 was higher than 20% in 61% of the patients and recurrence 23.68%. In Her-2 subtype >20% Ki-67 was 78.94%, recurrence 17.19%. In triple negative > 20% Ki-67 was in 68.75% and recurrence in 29.90% of the patients. Conclusions: The data presented here indicate that Ki-67 level may be considered as one of valuable biomarkers in breast cancer patients process and recurrence.

Biological and clinical features of early triple-negative invasive lobular carcinomas of the breast.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12570-e12570
Author(s):  
Fabio Conforti ◽  
Laura Pala ◽  
Elena Guerini Rocco ◽  
Eleonora Pagan ◽  
Vincenzo Bagnardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Median Percentage ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Mutational Status ◽  
Erbb2 Gene

e12570 Background: Hormone receptors and HER2 negative (triple negative, TN) invasive lobular carcinomas (ILCs) are very rare, accounting for 1-2% of all TN breast cancers (BCs). Methods: We extracted data from our prospectively collected institutional database on all consecutive patients (pts) with early stage TN ILC operated at the European Institute of Oncology (IEO) between June 1994 and December 2012. Invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) and cumulative incidence of distant metastases (CI-DM) were calculated. Biological features of these tumors, including molecular intrinsic subtypes based on PAM50 assay, expression of androgen receptor (AR) and mutational status of c-erbB2 gene were also evaluated. Additionally, NGS data of 45 TN ILCs were obtained from 3 large public databases, to confirm mutations in c-erbB2 gene and to identify other recurrently mutated genes. Results: Among 2952 ILCs treated at IEO, 44 (1.5%) were TN and were included in the analysis. All pts received adjuvant chemotherapy. The iDFS rates at 5 and 10 years of follow-up were 47.4% (95% CI, 31.1-62.0) and 29.5% (95% CI, 14.8-45.8), respectively. The corresponding CI-DM percentages were 17.6% (95% CI, 7.6-31.2) and 20.8% (95% CI, 9.5-35.1). The molecular intrinsic subtype was defined through PAM50 for 31 out of 44 TN ILCs: 48% were classified as luminal A, 3% luminal B, 32% HER2-enriched, and only 16% basal-like. The group of pts with luminal A or B tumors had a significantly better CI-DM as compared with pts with non-luminal tumors (i.e. HER2-enriched and basal-like; p=0.003). Luminal tumors expressed AR more frequently than non-luminal tumors (AR≥1% in 96% of luminal tumors versus 53% in non-luminal tumors; p=0.001), and at significantly higher levels (median percentage of AR-positive cells was 80% in luminal tumors versus 15% in non-luminal tumors; p=0.01). Higher AR expression was associated with significantly better iDFS in the whole cohort of TN ILCs (p=0.01), as well as in the group of luminal tumors (p=0.05). 27 TN ILCs of the IEO cohort were analyzed for mutations in c-erbB2 gene, and 9 (33%) harbored mutations. Analysis of the 3 public databases, confirmed c-erbB2 mutations in 9 out of 45 (20%) TN ILCs. All the c-erbB2 mutations found were previously reported to be pathogenetic in BCs and to predict response to neratinib. ErbB signaling and DNA damage response were among the top 10 pathways significantly enriched for mutated genes in TN ILCs. Conclusions: TN ILCs are rare tumors with dire prognosis. Their specific biological features require newly defined targeted therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals ER, PR, HER2, Ki-67 and CK5 in Early and Late Relapsing Breast Cancer—Reduced CK5 Expression in Metastases

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. BCBCR.S10701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristiina Joensuu ◽  
Marjut Leidenius ◽  
Mia Kero ◽  
Leif C. Andersson ◽  
Kathryn B. Horwitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Primary Therapy ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Luminal B

Breast cancer can recur even decades after the primary therapy. Markers are needed to predict cancer progression and the risk of late recurrence. The estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), proliferation marker Ki-67, and cytokeratin CK5 were studied to find out whether their expression or occurrence in subgroups of breast cancers correlated with the time of recurrence. The expression of HER2, ER, PR, Ki-67, and CK5 was studied by IHC in 72 primary breast cancers and their corresponding recurrent/metastatic lesions. The patients were divided into three groups according to the time of the recurrence/metastasis: before two years, after 5 years, and after 10 years. Based on their IHC profiles, the tumors were divided into surrogates of the genetically defined subgroups of breast cancers and the subtype definitions were as follows: luminal A (ER or PR+HER2–), luminal B (ER or PR+HER2+), HER2 overexpressing (ER–PR–HER2+), triple-negative (ER–PR–HER2–), basal-like (ER–PR–HER2–CK5+), non-classified (ER–PR–HER2–CK5–) and luminobasal (ER or PR+CK5+). In multivariate analysis, tumor size and HER2 positivity were a significant risk of early cancer relapse. The metastases showed a significantly lower CK5 expression. CK5 positivity distinguished triple negative tumors into rapidly and slowly recurring cancers. The IHC subtype ER or PR+HER2– luminal A presented a significantly lower risk of early tumor recurrence. Ki-67 expression denoted early-relapsing tumors and correlated linearly with tumor progression, since Ki-67 positivity declined gradually from early-relapsing toward late-recurring cancers.

scholarly journals Poor Biological Factors and Prognosis of Interval Breast Cancers: Long-Term Results of Bahçeşehir (Istanbul) Breast Cancer Screening Project in Turkey

2020 ◽  
pp. 1103-1113
Author(s):  
Neslihan Cabioğlu ◽  
Sibel Özkan Gürdal ◽  
Arda Kayhan ◽  
Nilüfer Özaydın ◽  
Cennet Şahin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Interval Cancers ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Luminal B

PURPOSE The Turkish Bahçeşehir Breast Cancer Screening Project was a 10-year, organized, population-based screening program carried out in Bahçeşehir county, Istanbul. Our aim was to examine the biologic features and outcome of screen-detected and interval breast cancers during the 10-year study period. METHODS Between 2009 and 2019, 2-view mammograms were obtained at 2-year intervals for women aged 40 to 69 years. Clinicopathological characteristics including ER, PR, HER2-neu, and Ki-67 status were analyzed for those diagnosed with breast cancer. RESULTS In 8,758 screened women, 131 breast cancers (1.5%) were detected. The majority of patients (82.3%) had prognostic stage 0-I disease. Contrarily, patients with interval cancers (n = 15; 11.4%) were more likely to have a worse prognostic stage (II-IV disease; odds ratio [OR], 3.59, 95% CI, 0.9 to 14.5) and high Ki-67 scores (OR, 3.14; 95% CI, 0.9 to 11.2). Interval cancers detected within 1 year were more likely to have a luminal B (57.1% v 31.9%) and triple-negative (14.3% v 1%) subtype and less likely to have a luminal A subtype (28.6% v 61.5%; P = .04). Patients with interval cancers had a poor outcome in 10-year disease-specific (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) compared with those with screen-detected cancers (DSS: 68.2% v 98.1%, P = .002; DFS: 78.6% v 96.5%, P = .011). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the majority of screen-detected breast cancers exhibited a luminal A subtype profile with an excellent prognosis. However, interval cancers were more likely to have aggressive subtypes such as luminal B subtype or triple-negative cancers associated with a poor prognosis requiring other preventive strategies.

scholarly journals A study of conventional histological parameters in excision specimens of breast cancer over a 7 year period and association with immunohistochemical categories

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parikshit Sanyal ◽  
Anshuman Singh ◽  
Prosenjit Ganguli ◽  
Sanghita Barui
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymphovascular Invasion ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Luminal B ◽  
Node Involvement ◽  
Neo Adjuvant Chemotherapy

AbstractBackgroundAlong with conventional histological examination, immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a useful adjunct to assessment of a breast cancer excision specimen. Previous studies have shown differences in behavior of neoplasms depending on their histopathological as well as immunohistochemical categories; in particular, triple negative breast cancers (on IHC) show the worst prognosis.ObjectivesTo find association, if any, within conventional histopathological characteristics (size, grade, stage, mitotic count, desmoplasia, dense inflammatory infiltrate, lymphovascular invasion) and between the conventional parameters and immunohistochemical categories of breast cancer, in both primary and post neo adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) specimens.Methods177 breast cancer excision specimens examined over last 7 years were assessed retrospectively, their histopathological parameters were recorded. In cases where immunohistochemistry was performed (N=108) the specimen was placed in one of the immunohistochemical categories: Luminal A, Luminal B, Her2 and Triple negative cancers. The data was then analysed by standard statistical methods.ResultsNo statistically significant association was found between the histopathological parameters and IHC category was. However, a strong correlation was seen between lymphovascular invasion within the primary tumor and increasing lymph node involvement. There was also a reduction in ER and PR expression in neoplasms post NACT, while HER2 expression remained largely unchanged.ConclusionThere might be additional genetic subtypes underlying the immunohistochemical phenotypes which determine the morphological characteristics of the neoplasm.

scholarly journals Breast Cancer Subtypes among Iraqi Patients: Identified By Their ER, PR and HER2 Status

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-307
Author(s):  
Nada A.S. Alwan ◽  
Furat N. Tawfeeq ◽  
Faisal H. Muallah
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Breast Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Breast Carcinomas ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Luminal B ◽  
Her 2

Background: Breast cancer ranks the first among the Iraqi population since three decades and is currently forming a major public health problem being the second cause of death women. Novel management of breast cancer depends upon precise evaluation of their molecular subtypes; identified by Hormone (Estrogen and Progesterone) receptors and HER2 contents of the primary tumor.Objective: To assess the rates of the different molecular breast cancer subtypes in the examined tissue specimens belonging to females diagnosed with breast cancer in Iraq; correlating the findings with those reported in the literature at the regional and global levels.Patients and Methods: This retrospective study documented the findings of tissue biopsy examination belonging to 686 female patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Formalin fixed paraffin-embedded blocks were utilized to assess the availability of Estrogen receptors (ER), Progesterone receptors (PR) and HER2 expressions through semi quantitative immuno-histochemical staining technique. Breast carcinomas were classified into four main molecular subtypes: Luminal A: ER/PR(+) / HER2(-), Luminal B/Triple Positive: ER/PR(+) / HER2(+), Non-Luminal HER-2 enriched: ER/PR(-) / HER2(+) and Non-Luminal/Triple Negative: ER/PR(-) and HER2(-). Other phenotypes included: ER(+)/PR(-) / HER2(+), ER(-)/PR(+) / HER2 (+), ER (+)/PR (-) / HER2 (-) and ER (-)/PR (+) / HER2 (-).Results: Out of the exanimated cases of breast carcinomas, the registered rates of positive ER, PR and HER2 tumor contents in this study were 67.8%, 65.3% and 29.4% respectively. The main identified phenotype was the Luminal A in 309 cases (45%). That was followed by the Triple Negative in 107 cases (15.6%) and Triple Positive/Luminal B (96 cases, 14%), while 71 cases (10.3%) were HER2 enriched. The corresponding rates of the (E+/P-/H+), (E-/P+/H+), (E+/P-/H-) and (E-/P+/H-) subtypes were 3.1%, 2.0%., 5.7% and 4.2% respectively. Differences in in the expressions of these IHC molecular markers are illustrated among different countries.Conclusions: Due to the displayed variations in the socio-demographic characteristics and biological risk factors among patients in different populations, it is mandatory to identify the molecular marker subtypes of breast cancer expressions in order to assess the impact of management and response to therapy. The routine documentation of their patterns in the cancer registry reports and published research ensures the validity and reliability of the presented clinical data. الخلفية: سرطان الثدي يحتل المرتبة الأولى بين السكان العراقيين منذ ثلاثة عقود، ويشكل حاليا مشكلة صحية رئيسية حيث يعتبر السبب الثاني للوفاة عند النساء. تعتمد أسس العلاج الجديدة لسرطان الثدي على التقييم الدقيق لأنواعها الفرعية الجزيئية و التي تحددها مستويات مستقبلات هرمون (الاستروجين والبروجسترون) ومحتويات  HER2 في الورم الرئيسي. الهدف من الدراسة: تقييم معدلات مختلف الأنواع الفرعية لسرطان الثدي الجزيئي في عينات الأنسجة التي تم فحصها والتي تخص الإناث المصابات بسرطان الثدي في العراق؛ وربط النتائج مع تلك المسجلة على الصعيدين الإقليمي والعالمي المرضى والطرق: وثقت هذه الدراسة بأثر رجعي نتائج فحص خزعة الأنسجة التي تنتمي إلى 686 مريضة مشخصة بسرطان الثدي. واستخدمت لتقييم توافر مستقبلات الاستروجين (ER)، مستقبلات البروجسترون (PR) والتعبيرات HER2 من خلال تقنية الطيخ المناعي شبه الكمي. تم تصنيف سرطان الثدي إلى أربعة أنواع فرعية جزيئية رئيسية: Luminal A:  ER/PR(+) / HER2(-), Luminal B/Triple Positive:    ER/PR(+) / HER2(+), Non-Luminal HER-2 enriched: ER/PR(-) / HER2(+) and Non-Luminal/Triple Negative:   ER/PR(-) and HER2(-). و انواع اخرى ER(+)/PR(-) / HER2(+), ER(-)/PR(+) / HER2 (+), ER (+)/PR (-)  / HER2 (-) and ER (-)/PR (+) / HER2 (-). النتائج: من بين حالات سرطان الثدي المهددة، كانت المعدلات المسجلة لمحتوى الأورام الموجبة ER, PR و   HER2 في هذه الدراسة 67.8٪ و 65.3٪ و 29.4٪ على التوالي. وكان النمط الظاهري المحدد الرئيسي اللمعية A في 309 حالات (45٪). وأعقب ذلك السلبي الثلاثي في 107 حالات (15.6٪) وثلاثية إيجابية / لومينال B (96 حالة، 14٪)، في حين أن 71 حالة (10.3٪) كانت HER2 المخصب. وكانت المعدلات المقابلة من (E + / P- / H +)، (E / P + / H +)، (E + / P- / H-) و (E / P + / H-) فرعية 3.1٪، 2.0٪. ،   و 5.7٪ و 4.2٪ على التوالي. وتظهر الاختلافات في التعبير عن هذه العلامات الجزيئية بين مختلف البلدان. الاستنتاجات والتوصيات: نظرا للاختلافات المعروضة في الخصائص الاجتماعية الديموغرافية وعوامل الخطر البيولوجية بين المرضى في مختلف السكان، فمن الضروري تحديد الأنواع الفرعية الجزيئية من تعبيرات سرطان الثدي من أجل تقييم تأثير الاستجابة للعلاج . ان التوثيق الروتيني لأنماط سرطان الثدي في تقارير سجل السرطان والبحوث المنشورة يضمن صحة ودقة البيانات السريرية ذات العلاقة.

scholarly journals The Histological Subtypes of Breast Cancer Seen in a Tertiary Hospital in South-East, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Uzoigwe J. Chukwuma ◽  
Nzegwu M. Arinze ◽  
Onyishi N. Thaddeus ◽  
Ekwedigwe C. Kenneth ◽  
Edegbe O. Felix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Luminal B

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is a disease with heterogeneous nature that may have different prognosis and respond to therapy differently despite similarities in histological type, grade and stage. It is common among women in both developed and developing countries of the world.  MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a 2-year retrospective study involving a systematic analysis of all the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks previously diagnosed as breast cancers. The study occurred at the Department of Morbid Anatomy, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu. We retrieved all the archived tissue blocks and subjected them to further ancillary testing using the immunohistochemistry monoclonal antibodies: (Oestrogen receptors (ER), Progesterone receptors (PR) and Her-2 neu antibodies). RESULTS: Out of 417 cases of breast cancer analysed, four hundred and Ten (410) were females representing 98.3%, seven (7) were males representing 1.7%. The mean age of all subjects in this study was 45.1±10.2 SD (years). The age of patients ranged from20 to 70 years. The age group 31 to 40 years showed the highest number of cases, 133 (32.4%). The cases positive for ER were 157 (37.6%), while 260 (62.4%) were negative. The cases positive for PR were 144 (34.5%) and 273 (65.5%) were negative. Fifty-four cases (12.9%) were HER2-neu positive, 15 (3.6%) were equivocal and could not be further analysed due to lack of the facility to do Fluorescence in-situ hybridisation, and 348 (83.5%) were HER-neu negative. Phenotypic classification based on ER, PR, and Her2 immunohistochemistry showed 113 cases (27.1%) were Luminal A, 45 cases (10.8%) were Luminal B, 23 cases (5.5%) were Her2 Enriched, 236 cases (56.6%) were Basal-like/Triple-negative, and none (0%) was Normal-like. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study shows that Basal-like/Triple-negative breast cancers are most common and are seen more in premenopausal women in Enugu.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Surrogates for Molecular Classification of Breast Carcinoma: A 2015 Update

2016 ◽  
Vol 140 (8) ◽  
pp. 806-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Tang ◽  
Gary M. Tse
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Gene Expression Profiling ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Luminal B ◽  
Epidermal Growth

Context.—The pioneering works on molecular classification (MC) by Perou and Sorlie et al in the early 2000s using global gene expression profiling identified 5 intrinsic subtypes of invasive breast cancers (IBCs): luminal A, luminal B, normal breast-like, HER2-enriched, and basal-like subtypes, each unique in incidence, survival, and response to therapy. Because the application of gene expression profiling in daily practice is not economical or practical at the present time, many investigators have studied the use of immunohistochemical (IHC) surrogates as a substitute for determining the MC of IBC. Objective.—To discuss the continuing efforts that have been made to develop clinically significant and readily available IHC surrogates for the MC of IBC. Data Sources.—Data were obtained from pertinent peer-reviewed English-language literature. Conclusions.—The most commonly used IHC surrogates are estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), dividing IBC into luminal, HER2, and triple-negative subtypes. The addition of Ki-67, cytokeratin 5, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) separates luminal B from luminal A subtypes, and basal-like subtype from triple-negative breast cancer. More recently, biomarkers such as androgen receptor and p53 have been shown to further stratify these molecular subtypes. Although many studies of IHC-based MC have shown clinical significance similar to gene expression profiling–defined MC, its critical limitations are: (1) a lack of standardization in terminology, (2) a lack of standardization in biomarkers used for each subtype, and (3) the lack of a uniform cutoff for each biomarker. A panel of IHC surrogates for each subtype of IBC is proposed.

Luminal B Breast Cancer: Molecular Characterization, Clinical Management, and Future Perspectives

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (25) ◽  
pp. 2794-2803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Ades ◽  
Dimitrios Zardavas ◽  
Ivana Bozovic-Spasojevic ◽  
Lina Pugliano ◽  
Debora Fumagalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Proliferation Markers ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Technology ◽  
Luminal B

Gene expression profiling has reshaped our understanding of breast cancer by defining and characterizing four main intrinsic molecular subtypes: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–enriched, basal-like, luminal A, and luminal B subtypes. Luminal B breast cancer has been reported to have lower expression of hormone receptors, higher expression of proliferation markers, and higher histologic grade than luminal A. It also exhibits worse prognosis and has a distinct profile of response to hormone therapy and chemotherapy. Although luminal cancers share similarities, the studies conducted in recent years using next-generation sequencing technology show that luminal A and B breast cancers should be perceived as distinct entities, with specific oncogenic drivers, rather than more proliferative varieties of luminal tumors. This review discusses the definition and molecular characterization of luminal B breast cancer and presents the available clinical evidence for chemotherapy and endocrine therapy patterns of response. It also provides an overview of ongoing research on molecularly targeted agents for this disease.

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