scholarly journals A Biscriptual Morphological Transducer for Crimean Tatar

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis M. Tyers ◽  
Jonathan N. Washington ◽  
Darya Kavitskaya ◽  
Memduh Gökırmak
Keyword(s):  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Full Range ◽  
The State ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
The Core ◽  
Finite State ◽  
Morphological Modelling ◽  
Crimean Tatar

This paper describes a weighted finite-state morphological transducer for Crimean Tatar able to analyse and generate in both Latin and Cyrillic orthographies. This transducer was developed by a team including a community member and language expert, a field linguist who works with the community, a Turkologist with computational linguistics expertise, and an experienced computational linguist with Turkic expertise. Dealing with two orthographic systems in the same transducer is challenging as they employ different strategies to deal with the spelling of loan words and encode the full range of the language's phonemes and their interaction. We develop the core transducer using the Latin orthography and then design a separate transliteration transducer to map the surface forms to Cyrillic. To help control the non-determinism in the orthographic mapping, we use weights to prioritise forms seen in the corpus. We perform an evaluation of all components of the system, finding an accuracy above 90% for morphological analysis and near 90% for orthographic conversion. This comprises the state of the art for Crimean Tatar morphological modelling, and, to our knowledge, is the first biscriptual single morphological transducer for any language.

Ex-Vessel Coolability Analysis for a Belgian NPP

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarne R. Verpoorten ◽  
Miche`le Auglaire ◽  
Frank Bertels
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Severe Accident ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Damage ◽  
Accident Management ◽  
Lower Head ◽  
Core Cooling

During a hypothetical Severe Accident (SA), core damage is to be expected due to insufficient core cooling. If the lack of core cooling persists, the degradation of the core can continue and could lead to the presence of corium in the lower plenum. There, the thermo-mechanical attack of the lower head by the corium could eventually lead to vessel failure and corium release to the reactor cavity pit. In this paper, it is described how the international state-of-the-art knowledge has been applied in combination with plant-specific data in order to obtain a custom Severe Accident Management (SAM) approach and hardware adaptations for existing NPPs. Also the interest of Tractebel Engineering in future SA research projects related to this topic will be addressed from the viewpoint of keeping the analysis up-to-date with the state-of-the art knowledge.

High-Speed and Area-Efficient Reconfigurable Multiplexer Bank for RAM-Based Finite State Machine Implementations

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (07) ◽  
pp. 1550101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raouf Senhadji-Navaro ◽  
Ignacio Garcia-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Finite State Machine ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
State Machine ◽  
The State ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
State Machines ◽  
Finite State ◽  
Area Efficient

This work is focused on the problem of designing efficient reconfigurable multiplexer banks for RAM-based implementations of reconfigurable state machines. We propose a new architecture (called combination-based reconfigurable multiplexer bank, CRMUX) that use multiplexers simpler than that of the state-of-the-art architecture (called variation-based reconfigurable multiplexer bank, VRMUX). The performance (in terms of speed, area and reconfiguration cost) of both architectures is compared. Experimental results from MCNC finite state machine (FSM) benchmarks show that CRMUX is faster and more area-efficient than VRMUX. The reconfiguration cost of both multiplexer banks is studied using a behavioral model of a reconfigurable state machine. The results show that the reconfiguration cost of CRMUX is lower than that of VRMUX in most cases.

scholarly journals Towards computational models of multilingual sentence processing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan L. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
The State ◽  
Cognitive Modelling ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Multiple Languages ◽  
Human Sentence Processing

Although computational models can simulate aspects of human sentence processing, research on this topic has remained almost exclusively limited to the single language case. The current review presents an overview of the state of the art in computational cognitive models of sentence processing, and discusses how recent sentence-processing models can be used to study bi- and multilingualism. Recent results from cognitive modelling and computational linguistics suggest that phenomena specific to bilingualism can emerge from systems that have no dedicated components for handling multiple languages. Hence, accounting for human bi-/multilingualism may not require models that are much more sophisticated than those for the monolingual case.

scholarly journals MorphoBr: an open source large-coverage full-form lexicon for morphological analysis of Portuguese

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Leonel Figueiredo de Alencar ◽  
Bruno Cuconato ◽  
Alexandre Rademaker
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Finite State ◽  
Full Form

ABSTRACT: One of the prerequisites for many natural language processing technologies is the availability of large lexical resources. This paper reports on MorphoBr, an ongoing project aiming at building a comprehensive full-form lexicon for morphological analysis of Portuguese. A first version of the resource is already freely available online under an open source, free software license. MorphoBr combines analogous free resources, correcting several thousand errors and gaps, and systematically adding new entries. In comparison to the integrated resources, lexical entries in MorphoBr follow a more user-friendly format, which can be straightforwardly compiled into finite-state transducers for morphological analysis, e.g. in the context of syntactic parsing with a grammar in the LFG formalism using the XLE system. MorphoBr results from a combination of computational techniques. Errors and the more obvious gaps in the integrated resources were automatically corrected with scripts. However, MorphoBr's main contribution is the expansion in the inventory of nouns and adjectives. This was carried out by systematically modeling diminutive formation in the paradigm of finite-state morphology. This allowed MorphoBr to significantly outperform analogous resources in the coverage of diminutives. The first evaluation results show MorphoBr to be a promising initiative which will directly contribute to the development of more robust natural language processing tools and applications which depend on wide-coverage morphological analysis.KEYWORDS: computational linguistics; natural language processing; morphological analysis; full-form lexicon; diminutive formation. RESUMO: Um dos pré-requisitos para muitas tecnologias de processamento de linguagem natural é a disponibilidade de vastos recursos lexicais. Este artigo trata do MorphoBr, um projeto em desenvolvimento voltado para a construção de um léxico de formas plenas abrangente para a análise morfológica do português. Uma primeira versão do recurso já está disponível gratuitamente on-line sob uma licença de software livre e de código aberto. MorphoBr combina recursos livres análogos, corrigindo vários milhares de erros e lacunas. Em comparação com os recursos integrados, as entradas lexicais do MorphoBr seguem um formato mais amigável, o qual pode ser compilado diretamente em transdutores de estados finitos para análise morfológica, por exemplo, no contexto do parsing sintático com uma gramática no formalismo da LFG usando o sistema XLE. MorphoBr resulta de uma combinação de técnicas computacionais. Erros e lacunas mais óbvias nos recursos integrados foram automaticamente corrigidos com scripts. No entanto, a principal contribuição de MorphoBr é a expansão no inventário de substantivos e adjetivos. Isso foi alcançado pela modelação sistemática da formação de diminutivos no paradigma da morfologia de estados finitos. Isso possibilitou a MorphoBr superar de forma significativa recursos análogos na cobertura de diminutivos. Os primeiros resultados de avaliação mostram que o MorphoBr constitui uma iniciativa promissora que contribuirá de forma direta para conferir robustez a ferramentas e aplicações de processamento de linguagem natural que dependem de análise morfológica de ampla cobertura.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: linguística computacional; processamento de linguagem natural; análise morfológica; léxico de formas plenas; formação de diminutivos.

scholarly journals ARCHITECTURAL SPECIFICS OF CRIMEAN TATAR HOUSING ACCOMMODATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Edem Seitasanov
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Factual Information ◽  
The Core ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Crimean Tatar ◽  
Private Collections

The author highlights specifics of designing Crimean Tatar housing accommodation in mountainous, piedmont and steppe areas of Crimea. The article presents the core principles and methods established over the thousands of years, i.e., the period people have resided in Crimea. The specifics of designing Crimean Tatar housing accommodation were identified, being inherent to the natural and climatic conditions of Crimea, as well as geomorphologic structure of the relief. All those specifics have been naturally reflected in the architectural and spacious planning of Crimean Tatar housing accommodation.The factual information employed for the purpose of this study was collected through in situ examinations of Crimea's historical buildings, studying the ad-hoc publications issued in 1880–1939, as kept in the library stock of BIKAMZ (Crimean historical museum preserve in Bakhchysarai), in the library stock of I. Hasprinskyi Scientific Library, sources from the museum stock in Simferopol, Bakhchysarai and private collections, architectural materials form the state owned depositories (the state archive of Crimean Oblast).No broad-scale studies have been undertaken in Crimea covering architecture of Crimean Tatar housing accommodation. Certain aspects of Crimean Tatar architecture are highlighted in the papers by: U. Bodadinskyi,B. A. Kuftin, Yu. V. Krykun, M. A. Voloshyn. The foregoing papers were published in the early XX century. They are mainly devoted to studying typology of Crimean Tatar housing accommodation.The important aspect concerns the architectural methods of forming areas built up with Crimean Tatar housing accommodation. The time proved the need in researching the Crimean Tatar housing accommodation, subject to the important features of using rationally the relief geometrical specifics, the rational geometry principles, creating certain preconditions for the architectural and planning specifics of the Crimean Tatar housing accommodation in the architectural system of Crimea.Unavailability of the overall picture covering specifics of the Crimean Tatar housing accommodation forming in Crimea, and evolution thereof relying on the scientific analysis, ravels estimation of the contemporary condition preventing establishment of the basic regularities and trends of development, preventing error-free handing the task of future development.

scholarly journals Fact Checking via Evidence Patterns

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Fionda ◽  
Giuseppe Pirrò
Keyword(s):  
Query Language ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Sparql Query ◽  
Efficient Algorithms ◽  
The State ◽  
The Core ◽  
Numerical Assessment ◽  
Comparable Accuracy ◽  
Fact Checking ◽  
Knowledge Graphs

We tackle fact checking using Knowledge Graphs (KGs) as a source of background knowledge. Our approach leverages the KG schema to generate candidate evidence patterns, that is, schema-level paths that capture the semantics of a target fact in alternative ways. Patterns verified in the data are used to both assemble semantic evidence for a fact and provide a numerical assessment of its truthfulness. We present efficient algorithms to generate and verify evidence patterns, and assemble evidence. We also provide a translation of the core of our algorithms into the SPARQL query language. Not only our approach is faster than the state of the art and offers comparable accuracy, but it can also use any SPARQL-enabled KG.

scholarly journals A state-of-the-art of semantic change computation

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
XURI TANG
Keyword(s):  
Data Visualization ◽  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Word Sense ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Evaluation Data ◽  
Visualization Techniques ◽  
Core Issues

AbstractThis paper reviews the state-of-the-art of one emergent field in computational linguistics—semantic change computation. It summarizes the literature by proposing a framework that identifies five components in the field: diachronic corpus, diachronic word sense characterization, change modelling, evaluation and data visualization. Despite its potentials, the review shows that current studies are mainly focused on testifying hypotheses of semantic change from theoretical linguistics and that several core issues remain to be tackled: the need of diachronic corpora for languages other than English, the comparison and development of approaches to diachronic word sense characterization and change modelling, the need of comprehensive evaluation data and further exploration of data visualization techniques for hypothesis justification.

Revisiting the DARPA communicator data using conversation analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Discourse Structure ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
Alternative Future ◽  
Mixed Initiative ◽  
Modern Form

The state of the art in human computer conversation leaves something to be desired and, indeed, talking to a computer can be down-right annoying. This paper describes an approach to identifying “opportunities for improvement” in these systems by looking for abuse in the form of swear words. The premise is that humans swear at computers as a sanction and, as such, swear words represent a point of failure where the system did not behave as it should. Having identified where things went wrong, we can work backward through the transcripts and, using conversation analysis (CA) work out how things went wrong. Conversation analysis is a qualitative methodology and can appear quite alien — indeed unscientific — to those of us from a quantitative background. The paper starts with a description of Conversation analysis in its modern form, and then goes on to apply the methodology to transcripts of frustrated and annoyed users in the DARPA Communicator project. The conclusion is that there is at least one species of failure caused by the inability of the Communicator systems to handle mixed initiative at the discourse structure level. Along the way, I hope to demonstrate that there is an alternative future for computational linguistics that does not rely on larger and larger text corpora.

scholarly journals Adversarial Imitation Learning from Incomplete Demonstrations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingfei Sun ◽  
Xiaojuan Ma
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Auxiliary Information ◽  
The State ◽  
Imitation Learning ◽  
Action Sequence ◽  
State Information ◽  
The Core ◽  
Action Sequences ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
Novel Algorithm

Imitation learning targets deriving a mapping from states to actions, a.k.a. policy, from expert demonstrations. Existing methods for imitation learning typically require any actions in the demonstrations to be fully available, which is hard to ensure in real applications. Though algorithms for learning with unobservable actions have been proposed, they focus solely on state information and over- look the fact that the action sequence could still be partially available and provide useful information for policy deriving. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm called Action-Guided Adversarial Imitation Learning (AGAIL) that learns a pol- icy from demonstrations with incomplete action sequences, i.e., incomplete demonstrations. The core idea of AGAIL is to separate demonstrations into state and action trajectories, and train a policy with state trajectories while using actions as auxiliary information to guide the training whenever applicable. Built upon the Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning, AGAIL has three components: a generator, a discriminator, and a guide. The generator learns a policy with rewards provided by the discriminator, which tries to distinguish state distributions between demonstrations and samples generated by the policy. The guide provides additional rewards to the generator when demonstrated actions for specific states are available. We com- pare AGAIL to other methods on benchmark tasks and show that AGAIL consistently delivers com- parable performance to the state-of-the-art methods even when the action sequence in demonstrations is only partially available.

scholarly journals 13. Taking Stock of Integration Theory

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje Wiener ◽  
Thomas Diez
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Integration Theory ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Constitutional Development ◽  
The Core ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives

This volume has examined the state of the art in European integration theorizing with chapters which have presented and reflected upon the core theoretical contributions that have been developed since the early stages of studying European integration and governance. This concluding chapter provides a historical overview of the type and focus of each theoretical approach to European integration. It compares the respective strengths and weaknesses of each approach according to the definitions of ‘theorizing’ and ‘integration’ developed in the introduction. It also considers the first edition’s outlook on constitutional development and identifies current challenges that lie ahead. It argues that the different theoretical perspectives discussed in this edition demonstrate an emerging robustness of European integration theory. It suggests that the variation in approaching the respective ‘test cases’ of European enlargement reveals the need for both rigorously prescriptive and normative approaches to European integration.

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