scholarly journals Efficacy of Herbal Powder in Reducing Oxidative Stress during Periparturient Period in Crossbred Dairy Cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Herbal Product ◽  
Therapeutic Trial ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Milk Fever ◽  
Periparturient Period ◽  
Group I ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Periparturient period is very important and critical period in dairy cows because during this period dairy cows are at increased risk of developing various metabolic and production diseases such as ketosis, milk fever, mastitis, retained placenta etc. due to the increased stress imposed upon the animal by the developing fetus and also due to the initiation of lactation after parturition. Now a days, use of herbal medicine as an alternative medicine is under constant debate due to the associated toxicity and side effects of allopathic medicines. Objectives: A therapeutic trial was conducted to check the efficacy of Herbal product “Stress check” on various metabolic and oxidative stress parameters during periparturient period. Methodology: A total of 16 crossbred cows divided into two groups, Group I was kept as control and Group II given herbal powder stress check @ 15 grams per day starting 15 days of expected parturition upto 15 days after parturition. Results: A significant decrease was recorded in the lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels during the fresh period in comparison to control cows, and a non-significant increase was also noticed in both the SOD and GSH levels during the early lactation period, suggesting its role in reducing stress and improving metabolism during early lactation period. Also a non-significant increase was noticed in plasma glucose levels and lower protein, urea, levels during the fresh period, whereas, no effect was observed on other metabolic parameters after the feeding of Stress Check powder. Conclusion: Herbal powder “Stress Check” was effective in controlling the oxidative stress in supplemented cows in comparison to control cows as evidenced by the lower LPO levels and higher SOD and GSH levels.

scholarly journals Environmental Assessment and Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity Biomarkers Related to Chronic Occupational Exposure to Benzene

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabele C. Costa-Amaral ◽  
Leandro V. B. Carvalho ◽  
Marcus Vinicius C. Santos ◽  
Daniel Valente ◽  
Angélica C. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Muconic Acid ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Nuclear Abnormalities ◽  
Filling Station ◽  
Group I ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group Ii

Environmental and occupational exposure to benzene from fuels is a major cause for concern for national and international authorities, as benzene is a known carcinogen in humans and there is no safe limit for exposure to carcinogens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of chronic occupational exposure to benzene among two groups of workers: filling station workers (Group I) and security guards working at vehicles entrances (Group II), both on the same busy highway in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sociodemographic data on the workers were evaluated; the concentration of benzene/toluene (B/T) in atmospheric air and individual trans,trans-muconic acid (ttMA) and S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) were measured; oxidative stress was analyzed by catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), thiol groups (THIOL) and malondialdehyde (MDA); genotoxicity was measured by metaphases with chromosomal abnormalities (MCA) and nuclear abnormalities, comet assay using the enzyme formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (C-FPG), and methylation of repetitive element LINE-1, CDKN2B and KLF6 genes. Eighty-six workers participated: 51 from Group I and 35 from Group II. The B/T ratio was similar for both groups, but Group I had greater oscillation of benzene concentrations because of their work activities. No differences in ttMA and S-PMA, and no clinical changes were found between both groups, but linearity was observed between leukocyte count and ttMA; and 15% of workers had leukocyte counts less than 4.5 × 109 cells L−1, demanding close worker’s attention. No differences were observed between the two groups for THIOL, MDA, MCA, or nuclear abnormalities. A multiple linear relationship was obtained for the biomarkers MCA and C-FPG. A significant correlation was found between length of time in current job and the biomarkers C-FPG, MCA, GST, and MDA. Although both populations had chronic exposure to benzene, the filling station workers were exposed to higher concentrations of benzene during their work activities, indicating an increased risk of DNA damage.

scholarly journals Management of blood lipid profile and oxidative status in Holstein and Simmental dairy cows during lactation

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
Dejan Obućinski ◽  
Nikola Puvača ◽  
Olivera Đuragić ◽  
Dragana Ljubojević Pelić ◽  
Mirela Tomaš Simin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Blood Lipid Profile ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Peak Lactation

Managing and determination of the blood lipid profile and oxidative status are useful tool to show the influence of foreign chemical substances on production of dairy cows. Investigation of various biomarkers of oxidative stress related to various problems in the production dairy cows presents a very important issue. The aim of this research was to investigate different biological markers in two different breeds of dairy cows – the Holstein Friesian and the Simmental, during different stages of lactation. The total of 60 Holstein Friesian and Simmental cows were divided into two treatments (HF and S) which was further divided into three groups each, respectively. Lactating groups of each cow breed was divided into three stages at early lactation of 32-75 days (HF1 and S1), peak lactation of 80-165 days (HF2 and S2) and low lactation of 175 days onward (HF3 and S3). During the research the total milk production and the percentage of milk fat and protein were determined. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein of each cow, the serum was harvested without anticoagulant and stored at -20 °C in small aliquots till further analysis. Serum was then analyzed for triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, AST, ALT, GGT, the total antioxidant status (TAS), the total oxidant status (TOS), MDA, SOD, catalase and paraoxonase (PON1). Significantly (P<0.05) higher values of cholesterol, TOS and SOD at peak lactation stage was observed in all cows. A gradual decline from early lactation to low lactation was observed in the values of triglycerides and ALT, while MDA gradually increased from the same stage in all cows. The values of LDL and catalase showed an irregular pattern of variations in various lactation stages among all groups. The Holstein Friesian breed showed significantly higher values of ALT and PON1, while values of HDL, TAS and TOS were the lowest in Simmental group (P<0.05). By measuring the signs of oxidative stress, it was concluded that metabolic efforts of cows during the peak of lactation affected the investigated parameters. Disturbance in feed intake and rise in metabolic processes lift up oxidative stress in cows, especially during the peak of lactation, which might be determined by monitoring blood alterations. Results of our study indicated that the Holstein Friesian breed was under higher oxidative stress during different lactation stages compared to Simmental dairy cows.

scholarly journals Determination of thiol/disulphide homeostasis as a new indicator of oxidative stress in dairy cows with subclinical endometritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Birten Emre ◽  
◽  
Ömer Korkmaz ◽  
Ismail Koyuncu ◽  
Selim Çomaklı ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Immunocytochemical Staining ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Total Thiol ◽  
Group I ◽  
Subclinical Endometritis

The objective of this study was to determine thiol/disulphide homeostasis (TDH) in infertile cows with subclinical endometritis (SCE). Endometrial cytological samples were collected using a cytobrush to diagnose SCE in 36 infertile cows. According to the results of the cytology examination, those with acute endometritis were classified as Group I (n = 20) and those with chronic endometritis were classified as Group II (n = 16). A control group was formed of heifers as Group III (n = 20). Blood samples were taken from each group on the day of diagnosis (day 0) to analyse TDH. In the cytology examination, both the Giemsa method and immunocytochemical staining were applied to determine chronic inflammation and activity status. In 55.55% (20/36) of the infertile cows with cytological endometritis, the inflammation was determined to be active, and in 44.44% (16/36) it had become chronic. The native thiol and total thiol levels were found to be statistically significantly lower in the acute (206.54 ± 8.30 μmol/L; 227.11 ± 9.30 μmol/L) and chronic SCE cases (225.15 ± 11.89 μmol/L; 247.96 ± 10.80 μmol/L) compared to the heathy control group (308.47 ± 13.59 μmol/L; 336.83 ± 15.5 μmol/L respectively) (P<0.001). Disulphide levels, disulphide/total thiol, native thiol/total thiol and disulphide/native thiol ratios were similar in all the groups (P>0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of native thiol, which can be used in the diagnosis of SCE, was 92.8%, that of total thiol was 89.3% and that of disulphide was 64.3% according to the ROC curve analysis. These results demonstrate that TDH is a reliable and sensitive indicator of oxidative stress in cow SCE, and that abnormal TDH might play a role in SCE pathogenic mechanisms. This is the first study to evaluate thiol/disulphide homeostasis in dairy cows with SCE as a new indicator of oxidative stress.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF SUBCLINICAL MILK FEVER AND KETOSIS IN LACTATING CROSS-BRED DAIRY COWS WITH THEIR THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT IN BANGLADESH

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Naher ◽  
M. A. Samad ◽  
S. H. M. F. Siddiki ◽  
M. T. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Therapeutic Management ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Milk Fever ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: Bovine Milk fever (MF/hypocalcaemia) and ketosis (CK/hypoglycemia and hyperketonemia) both in clinical and sub-clinical forms are the most important metabolic diseases caused by metabolic disorders of calcium and carbohydrate respectively that affect mainly high milk yielding dairy cows worldwide. Sub-clinical form may be more costly due to comparatively high prevalence and consequence of high risk of decreased productive and reproductive performances with increased reproductive and other disorders. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of sub-clinical hypocalcaemia (SCHC) and sub-clinical ketosis (SCK) and to investigate important potential risk factors for SCHC and SCK with their therapeutic management in lactating cross-bred dairy cows. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 220 dairy crossbred (HF  L = 190, SH  L = 20 and JS  L = 10) cows maintained in nine dairy farms and one smallholder farm during the period from July to November 2016. The parity (1 to 8), lactation stages (1 to 13 weeks), body condition score (BCS), breed (3 crossbreds), age (3.5 to 14 years) and milk yield (liter/day) were evaluated as possible risk factors. The serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium and glucose concentrations of the 220 dairy cows were determined by using imported commercial kits. Dairy cows with serum calcium concentrations  8.0 mg/dl and serum glucose  44.0 mg / dl with positive ketone tests but not showing any clinical signs were considered SCHC and SCK respectively. Results: The overall prevalence of SCHC was 30.0%, of which 32.11% were recorded in HF  L, 15.0% in SH  L and 20.0% in JS  L cross-bred cows. The overall prevalence of SCK was 25.0%, of which 27.37% in HF  L, 10.0% in SH  L and 10.0% in JS  L cross-bred cows. The SCHC was recorded 10 times greater than MF and SCK 6 times greater than CK in Bangladesh. The hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia with hypermagnesemia status were recorded in SCHC affected lactating cows which were more significantly (p < 0.05) higher (46.67%) at 4th parity and lower (16.67%) at 1st parity. The significantly (p < 0.01) higher prevalence of SCK was recorded at the 4th (53.33%) in comparison to other parity especially lowest at 1st (2.78%) and 2nd (4.0%) parity. The significantly (p < 0.1) highest prevalence of SCHC and SCK were recorded at high milk yield during the 1st (94.44%; 77.78%) and 2nd (66.67%; 56.67%) weeks of lactation period than the higher lactation stages respectively. The effects of BCS on the milk yield and the prevalence of SCHC and SCK are presented and discussed. Encouraging results with increased blood calcium and glucose levels were obtained on the therapeutic response of SCHC with oral calcium and SCK with oral propylene glycol. Conclusions: The SCHC and SCK have detrimental effects on cow health, productivity and reproduction and also predisposes to other diseases and disorders. The efficient balanced ration, periodic screening blood, milk and urine for determination of concerned biochemical constituents and ketone bodies considering risk factors could help to early detection of SCHC and SCK to limit their effects in dairy cattle. The high prevalence of SCHC and SCK recorded in this study should be viewed as a potential health risk to the transition cows that requires further research. Keywords: Sub-clinical milk fever, Sub-clinical ketosis, crossbred cows, prevalence, risk factors, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, glucose, ketone bodies, therapeutic management, Bangladesh

scholarly journals The Effect of Peroral Administration of Lactobacillus Fermentum Culture on Dairy Cows Health Indices

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-151
Author(s):  
Laima Liepa ◽  
Māra Viduža
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
Peroral Administration ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Experimental Animals

Abstract The culture of Lactobacillus fermentum was isolated from the biogas substrate. The aim was to evaluate the efficiency of perorally applied L. fermentum additive to prevent metabolic diseases in the early lactation period of dairy cows. The experiment was performed in the early lactation group of a herd with 240 cows. The control and experimental group each consisted of 10 clinically healthy cows with normal concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate and glucose. On day 1–5 (D1–D5), the experimental cows received orally 150 ml of L. fermentum product of 8.1x105 CFU/ml. On D1, D2, D5 and D20, the rumen fluid samples were collected from all animals in both groups with an oral-ruminal probe once per day for detection of pH and concentration of volatile fatty acids, on D1, D5 and D20 – blood samples for biochemical analyses. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Results: Significant changes were observed in the concentration of the liver enzymes AST and GGT. On D1, in the experimental animals AST concentration 100.5±14.0 IU/L was higher than in control cows – 51.4±5.7 IU/L (p<0.05). On D20, AST was reduced significantly only in experimental cows. On D1, GGT concentration 31.5±6.91 IU/L was higher (p<0.05) in experimental animals than in control cows – 13.6±1.53 IU/L, but on D5, GGT concentration in experimental animals was reduced to 18.4±6.41 IU/L (p<0.05), and remained until D20. Conclusion: L. fermentum culture administered orally for five days improved the blood liver enzymes in cows, and the effect lasted for two weeks.

scholarly journals Relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress with uterine health in dairy cows with different dry period lengths1

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 607-619
Author(s):  
Novi Mayasari ◽  
Erminio Trevisi ◽  
Annarita Ferrari ◽  
Bas Kemp ◽  
Henk K Parmentier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Uterine Health ◽  
Uterine Environment ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Earlier studies indicated that the inflammatory status of dairy cows in early lactation could not be fully explained by the negative energy balance (NEB) at that moment. The objective of the present study was to determine relationships between inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress with uterine health in dairy cows after different dry period lengths. Holstein–Friesian dairy cows were assigned to one of three dry period lengths (0-, 30-, or 60-d) and one of two early lactation rations (glucogenic or lipogenic ration). Cows were fed either a glucogenic or lipogenic ration from 10-d before the expected calving date. Part of the cows which were planned for a 0-d dry period dried themselves off and were attributed to a new group (0 → 30-d dry period), which resulted in total in four dry period groups. Blood was collected (N = 110 cows) in weeks −3, −2, −1, 1, 2, and 4 relative to calving to determine biomarkers for inflammation, liver function, and oxidative stress. Uterine health status (UHS) was monitored by scoring vaginal discharge (VD) based on a 4-point scoring system (0, 1, 2, or 3) in weeks 2 and 3 after calving. Cows were classified as having a healthy uterine environment (HU, VD score = 0 or 1 in both weeks 2 and 3), nonrecovering uterine environment (NRU, VD score = 2 or 3 in week 3), or a recovering uterine environment (RU, VD score = 2 or 3 in week 2 and VD score= 0 or 1 in week 3). Independent of dry period length, cows with NRU had higher plasma haptoglobin (P = 0.05) and lower paraoxonase levels (P &lt; 0.01) in the first 4 weeks after calving and lower liver functionality index (P &lt; 0.01) compared with cows with HU. Cows with NRU had lower plasma albumin (P = 0.02) and creatinine (P = 0.02) compared with cows with a RU, but not compared with cows with HU. Independent of UHS, cows with a 0 → 30-d dry period had higher bilirubin levels compared with cows with 0-, 30-, or 60-d dry period (P &lt; 0.01). Cows with RU and fed a lipogenic ration had higher levels of albumin in plasma compared with cows with NRU and fed a lipogenic ration (P &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, uterine health was related to biomarkers for inflammation (haptoglobin and albumin) and paraoxonase in dairy cows in early lactation. Cows which were planned for a 0-d dry period, but dried themselves off (0 → 30-d dry period group) had higher bilirubin levels, which was possibly related to a more severe NEB in these cows. Inflammatory biomarkers in dairy cows in early lactation were related to uterine health in this period.

Metabolic factors affecting the inflammatory response of periparturient dairy cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine M. Sordillo ◽  
G. A. Contreras ◽  
Stacey L. Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Periparturient Period ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractDairy cattle are susceptible to increased incidence and severity of disease during the periparturient period. Increased health disorders have been associated with alterations in bovine immune mechanisms. Many different aspects of the bovine immune system change during the periparturient period, but uncontrolled inflammation is a dominant factor in several economically important disorders such as metritis and mastitis. In human medicine, the metabolic syndrome is known to trigger several key events that can initiate and promote uncontrolled systemic inflammation. Altered lipid metabolism, increased circulating concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and oxidative stress are significant contributing factors to systemic inflammation and the development of inflammatory-based diseases in humans. Dairy cows undergo similar metabolic adaptations during the onset of lactation, and it was postulated that some of these physiological events may negatively impact the magnitude and duration of inflammation. This review will discuss how certain types of fatty acids may promote uncontrolled inflammation either directly or through metabolism into potent lipid mediators. The relationship of increased lipid metabolism and oxidative stress to inflammatory dysfunction will be reviewed as well. Understanding more about the underlying cause of periparturient health disorders may facilitate the design of nutritional regimens that will meet the energy requirements of cows during early lactation and reduce the susceptibility to disease as a function of compromised inflammatory responses.

453 Effects of feeding strategy in early lactation on oxidative stress of primiparous dairy cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. 222-222
Author(s):  
M. Carriquiry ◽  
M. Garcia-Roche ◽  
A. Casal ◽  
A. M. Cassina ◽  
D. A. Mattiauda
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Early Lactation

EFFECTS OF REDUCING DIETARY CATION-ANION BALANCE FOR PREPARTUM DAIRY COWS WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO HYPOCALCEMIC PARTURIENT PARESIS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
HÉLÈNE LECLERC ◽  
ELLIOT BLOCK
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
Milk Fever ◽  
Periparturient Period ◽  
Hydroxy Proline ◽  
Parturient Paresis ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A trial was conducted to investigate the response of prepartum dairy cows to reducing the level of dietary cation-anion balance by measuring the concentration of plasma Ca, P, Mg and hydroxy proline, the apparent absorption of Ca, P and Mg and the incidence of milk fever. Twenty prepartum Holstein cows were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments designated control, diets 1, 2 and 3, with cation-anion balances [(Na + K) – (Cl + S)] of + 394, + 121, + 105 and + 62 meq kg−1 dietary dry matter (DM), respectively. Diets containing 1.38% Ca and 0.76% P (dry basis) were offered from day 45 prepartum to day 2 postpartum. Reducing the level of dietary cation-anion balance decreased the severity of the decline of plasma Ca during the periparturient period and delayed the time of observing the lowest concentration of plasma Ca. Strong negative correlations were observed during the periparturient period, particularly at parturition, between dietary cation-anion intake and the concentrations of plasma Ca and P. Apparent absorption of minerals was not influenced by dietary treatment from day 24 to day 21 prepartum. However, apparent absorption of Ca was reduced in cows fed diets 2 and 3 compared to cows fed the control diet and apparent absorption of Mg was reduced in cows fed diets 1, 2 and 3 compared to cows fed the control diet from day 7 prepartum until day 1 postpartum. Apparent absorption of phosphorus was not influenced by treatment at either time. Plasma levels of hydroxyproline were higher in cows fed diets 2 and 3 than in those fed diet 1 and the control diet from day 2 prepartum to day 1 postpartum. Results showed that reducing the level of dietary cation-anion balance influenced the concentration of plasma calcium, its apparent absorption and its resorption from bone. These effects were most accentuated during the periparturient period and may be beneficial in the prevention of milk fever. Key words: Milk fever, dairy cows, dietary anions and cations, parturient paresis

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