scholarly journals Sir Neville Howse (VC), Private John Simpson Kirkpatrick and Private Martin O’Meara (VC) and their contributions to Australian military medicine

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Devenish ◽  
Peter O’Meara
Keyword(s):  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Prehospital Care ◽  
Military Medicine ◽  
Medical Officer ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
The Body ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
World War One ◽  
War Neurosis ◽  
The Military

Medical personnel serving with the Defence Forces have contributed to the evolution of trauma treatment and the advancement of prehospital care within the military environment. This paper investigates the stories of an Australian Medical Officer, Sir Neville Howse, and two stretcher bearers, Private John Simpson Kirkpatrick and Private Martin O'Meara, In particular it describes the gruelling conditions under which they performed their roles, and reflects on the legacy that they have left behind in Australian society. While it is widely acknowledged that conflicts such as World War One should never have happened, as civilian and defence force paramedics, we should never forget the service and sacrifice of defence force medical personnel and their contribution to the body of knowledge on the treatment of trauma. These men and women bravely provided emergency care in the most harrowing conditions possible. However, men like Martin O'Meara may not have been given the same status in society today as Sir Neville Howse or Simpson and his donkey, due to the public's lack of awareness and acceptance of war neurosis and conditions such as post traumatic stress disorder, reactive psychosis and somatoform disorders which were suffered by many soldiers during their wartime service and on their return home after fighting in war.

Disaster Management following the Chi-Chi Earthquake in Taiwan

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Feng Chan ◽  
Kumar Alagappan ◽  
Arpita Gandhi ◽  
Colleen Donovan ◽  
Malti Tewari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Prehospital Care ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Response System ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Earthquake Resistant ◽  
The Military ◽  
Command Center

AbstractThe earthquake that occurred in Taiwan on 21 September 1999 killed >2,000 people and severely injured many survivors. Despite the large scale and sizeable impact of the event, a complete overview of its consequences and the causes of the inadequate rescue and treatment efforts is limited in the literature. This review examines the way different groups coped with the tragedy and points out the major mistakes made during the process. The effectiveness of Taiwan's emergency preparedness and disaster response system after the earthquake was analyzed.Problems encountered included: (1) an ineffective command center; (2) poor communication; (3) lack of cooperation between the civil government and the military; (4) delayed prehospital care; (5) overloading of hospitals beyond capacity; (6) inadequate staffing; and (7) mismanaged public health measures.The Taiwan Chi-Chi Earthquake experience demonstrates that precise disaster planning, the establishment of one designated central command, improved cooperation between central and local authorities, modern rescue equipment used by trained disaster specialists, rapid prehospital care, and medical personnel availability, as well earthquake-resistant buildings and infrastructure, are all necessary in order to improve disaster responses.

scholarly journals Incidence of primary school age children with post-trumatic stress disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina B. Ershova ◽  
Yuliya V. Glushko
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The Military

Presents the results of evaluations of morbidity 123 primary school children suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), caused by the military actions in the Donbass region. By us the data analysis was conducted patient cards (f. 112/u) and medical statements (f. 027/u) children study groups, over the period of appealability throughout the year. Revealed an increase the incidence of somatic pathologies in children survived the military events that were recorded in 2.5 times more likely than in the comparison group (children who have not experienced combat operations). The first place in the structure meets pathology occupied somatoform dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, recorded in 100% of children, who experience the stress of combat operations. Second place among children 7-9 years with PTSD, occupied acute respiratory diseases, with a prevalence frequencies of of developing complications after them 2.1 times, which was interpreted as lowering infectious resistance of the organism under the influence of strong stress factor. By the multiplicity of handling of children to the doctor by us highlighted a group of frequently ill children. Is noted that the the number of younger schoolboys for a long time and frequently ill in the main group predominated вy 2.3 times. Among children 7-9 years with PTSD was not a single child who during the school year never would not been sick. Additional psychoemotional load on the body caused by adaptation to school loadings can exacerbate the health conditions and increase the incidence rates of primary school children.

scholarly journals Natalya Nikolaevna Kholodkovskaya: at the origins of bibliographic work at the Military Medical Academy

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Mamaуeva ◽  
Alina A. Kormilitsyna ◽  
Lada L. Kravtsova
Keyword(s):  
Military Medicine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Profile ◽  
Military Medical Academy ◽  
Medical Academy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Medical Order ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Military

The purpose of this publication is to comprehensively and fully disclose the contribution of the scientist bibliographer Natalya Nikolaevna Kholodkovskaya to the work of the bibliographic department of the fundamental library of the Military Medical Academy. The preparation of the materials for this article is timed to coincide with two significant dates: in 2021, the bibliography department of the library of the Military Medical Academy will celebrate 90 years and the 130th anniversary of the birth of N.N. Kholodkovskaya. The article is devoted to the pages of the biography of N.N. Kholodkovskaya, her professional development and major achievements in the field of bibliographic activity. In the choice of the profession of Natalya Nikolaevna, the influence of her father, the famous professor, the outstanding zoologist and the original lyric poet Nikolai Aleksandrovich Kholodkovsky, can be traced. For 45 years from 1921 to 1966 N.N. Kholodkovskaya worked in the fundamental library of the academy, in different years she held the positions of a scientific bibliographer, head of the department, and from December 2, 1938 to September 1939, she headed the library. With the name of N.N. Kholodkovskaya connected the creation of the bibliography department, the first head of which she became. During the Great Patriotic War N.N. Kholodkovskaya was in besieged Leningrad and helped preserve the richest library fund. The main directions of the work of the bibliography department under the leadership of N.N. Kholodkovskaya were: preparation of bibliographic lists of literature, execution of written or oral address, clarifying, factual information on various topics; deep bibliographic development of large planning topics; development of the reference and bibliographic apparatus, replenishment of the auxiliary reference fund; preparation of written and oral translations, preparation of abstracts of articles on military medicine from foreign journals and books. The translations were regularly published in the Military Medical Journal. N.N. Kholodkovskaya compiled a number of valuable indexes that have not lost their significance. Among them: Bibliographic index of Russian literature on military medicine, Materials for the history of the Military Medical Order of Lenin of the Academy S.M. Kirov, The effect of penetrating radiation on the body, Sleep therapy and others. The current profile bibliographic information of the structural divisions of the Academy and individual specialists was at a high level in accordance with their scientific and educational needs and requests. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that this is the first attempt at scientific understanding of the work of the bibliography department of the library of the Military Medical Academy, in attracting previously unpublished documents, memoirs of contemporaries. As a result of the preparation of the publication, materials were found and analyzed that give a more complete picture of the personality and professional merits of N.N. Kholodkovskaya; about its role in the creation and development of the bibliography department, in the confirmation of the principles and methods of bibliographic work, which are adhered to in the department to this day (17 figs, bibliography: 26 refs).

scholarly journals Practicing Military Medicine in Truly Austere Environments: What to Expect, How to Prepare, When to Improvise

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (5-6) ◽  
pp. e656-e661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Anagnostou ◽  
Athanasios Michas ◽  
Christos Giannou
Keyword(s):  
English Literature ◽  
Military Medicine ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Combat Casualty ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Surgical Teams ◽  
The Military ◽  
Austere Environments

Abstract Introduction The majority of the published literature on contemporary military medicine contradicts the concept of austere. Operational medicine is part of every armed conflict around the world, while armed forces of most countries internationally have limited medical resources especially in the front line. The aim of this review is to identify the particularities of a truly austere environment and present a short guide of preparation and action for military medical personnel internationally. Materials and Methods An exhaustive search of the existing English literature on operational and military medicine in austere environments was carried out in EMBASE and PubMed databases. Results This review included seminal and contemporary papers on the subject and synthesized a multiperspective short guide for operational medical personnel. Discussion Experience from forward surgical teams of the U.S. Army and humanitarian teams of physicians in war zones who work under precarious and austere circumstances has shown that the management of casualties requires different strategies than in higher levels of combat casualty care and in a civilian setting. A number of factors that must be controlled can be categorized into human, environmental, equipment-related, and socioeconomic. Surgeons and other medical personnel should have knowledge of these aspects beforehand and be adequately trained in peacetime. Physicians must master a number of essential skills and drugs, and be familiar with dosage regimens and side effects. Conclusion The military surgeon must be specially trained and prepared to use a wide range of skills in truly austere environments in contemporary conflicts.

ON THE PATH OF ESTABLISHING A UNIFIED SYSTEM OF PSYCHOLOGICAL REHABILITATION OF VETERANS – COMBAT PARTICIPANTS IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
S. Safin
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Normal Behavior ◽  
The Status ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Military ◽  
Former Ussr

The issues of rehabilitating and restoring the psychics and the body of the military personnel initially after combat activitiesbecomes urgent practically directly after the hostilities have come to an end. Such an understanding of the issue of “psychologicaldisinfection” has not been instantly established. For a certain reason there’s no reflection with regard to the Soviet post-war period,the historic experience to a certain extent when the vast majority of the male population of the former USSR had the experience ofparticipating in the Second World war. It was those that have managed to return home alive, crippled by the traumatic combat stresshad to face this issue alone, for due to the overwhelming ideological input to the psychological science there was no one who hadboth interest and ability to identify this problem, without even the further discussion of solving it.At the beginning of October this year in Ukraine it has been officially announced to establish a system of rehabilitation for theveterans of combat activities. The initial matter at hand is psychological rehabilitation, and also the educational measures of socialcohesiveness. Its creation is facilitated and implemented by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, The Ministry of Defense, the Ministry ofhealthcare and the Ministry of veterans of Ukraine. In accordance with recent data that have been published by the Ministry ofVeteran affairs, the status of a participant of combat activities has been granted to more than 460 000 individuals. The vast majorityof them need a complex and multilayer program of support. The introduction of the system of veterans of combat activities will grantthe opportunity for the veterans to return from war not only in terms of their body but also in terms of their mind.One of the most complex issues for Ukraine is the rehabilitation and readapting of combatants, plenty of whom happen to havethe post-traumatic stress syndrome. The basic concept used by professionals towards the war veterans suffering from PTRS beforethe initial start of combat activities in the East of Ukraine was that it has been necessary to distract their attention from thetraumatizing events that have caused PTRS, and by doing so assisting them to be normal, to adapt its way of behavior to thegenerally accepted norms. The practically comes down to the following that an individual who has received a psychological traumais obliged to modify its behavior in such a way not to be differentiated from the overwhelming mass of citizens, that as a majorityadhere to similar views in terms of what type of behavior is socially accepted and which is not. However, this sort of adaptation isunlikely to be useful to an individual who has been under extreme circumstances for a long period of time to regain inner solace andthe joy of life. This kind of approach could deceive the veteran that in order to heal he is obliged to modify his behavior in order tobecome like “everybody else” and thus to stop act, think and feel in an original manner. The vast majority of combatants that aretrying to adapt, and force themselves to “normal” behavior, experience the main difficulties due to the fact that there are offered ascure simply to erase the past, and thus to get rid not only of the ugly repulsive phantoms of war but also the lessons of nobility,honor and heroism. This is a path which does not lead to an integral personality, for it suggests to cure the implications of a deceaseand not its cause and therefore the aim and purpose of such a “treatment” is for the most part not the psychological health, butrather the psych prophylaxis of delinquent behavior. Therefore, the mentioned approach cannot lead to full fledge healing of thecombatant.

Stress management: Corpus-based insights into vernacular interpretations of stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Laurel Smith Stvan
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
American English ◽  
Physical Symptom ◽  
The Body ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The Past ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Semantic Shift

Examination of the term stress in naturally occurring vernacular prose provides evidence of three separate senses being conflated. A corpus analysis of 818 instances of stress from non-academic texts in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and the Corpus of American Discourses on Health (CADOH) shows a negative prosody for stress, which is portrayed variously as a source outside the body, a physical symptom within the body and an emotional state. The data show that contemporary speakers intermingle the three senses, making more difficult a discussion between doctors and patients of ways to ‘reduce stress’, when stress might be interpreted as a stressor, a symptom, or state of anxiety. This conflation of senses reinforces the impression that stress is pervasive and increasing. In addition, a semantic shift is also refining a new sense for stress, as post-traumatic stress develops as a specific subtype of emotional stress whose use has increased in circulation in the past 20 years.

The Military Physician in Captivity

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (99) ◽  
pp. 295-303
Author(s):  
E. Reginato
Keyword(s):  
Medical Officer ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Prisoner Of War ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
Peace And Justice ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Military Physician ◽  
The Military ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Better Than

In his introductory address at the third International Refresher Course for Junior Medical Officers, Dr. H. Meuli, member of the ICRC, said “No one knows war better than the military medical officer, nor measures its horror, nor hates it more. No one has greater insight into war to enable him to take a stand for peace and against war”. From its very beginnings the Red Cross has been linked to medicine; it was the ICRC which obtained for doctors the means of exercising their profession in war, which are laid down in the Geneva Conventions.It therefore seems appropriate to quote extensively from a communication submitted at the Course by an Italian doctor, bearing moving testimony to the difficulties facing the medical officer, the noble character of his mission and the principles underlying his activity in the prisoner of war camp. These principles were summed up in his conclusion : “Like peace and justice, medicine loses its significance if not accompanied by charity. If it is to stay universal, it must not lose its humanity”. (Ed.).

Could routine spirometry suggest sensitisation in the military medicine setting?

2017 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignazio Cirillo ◽  
F Gallo ◽  
G Ciprandi
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Skin Prick Testing ◽  
Military Medicine ◽  
Medical Setting ◽  
Prick Test ◽  
Formal Requirement ◽  
Forced Expiratory Flow ◽  
Navy Personnel ◽  
The Military ◽  
Pulmonary Volume

IntroductionProviding evidence of sensitisation is the formal requirement for allergy diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether spirometry may be able to predict sensitisation in a representative cohort of Italian Navy military personnel.Methods2043 (1875 men, 168 women, mean age 28.35±11.6 years) Italian Navy military personnel were enrolled into this study. Spirometry and skin prick testing were performed to predict sensitisation.ResultsSensitisation, assessed by skin prick test, was documented in 658 (32.2%) subjects. Impaired forced expiratory flow at the 25% and 75% of the pulmonary volume (FEF25–75) as demonstrated on spirometry was detected in 82 subjects, of whom 69 were sensitised (P<0.0001). Impaired FEF25–75 was significantly associated with sensitisation (OR 7.43; 95% CI 4.04 to 14.66; P<0.0001).DiscussionThe findings of this study suggest that impaired FEF25–75 may predict sensitisation in this cohort of Italian Navy personnel. This outcome is relevant in the military medical setting, as it could allow early identification of subjects with subclinical asthma.

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