scholarly journals Correlation between bright echogenic liver, elevated liver enzymes and liver histology

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Iqbal Murshed Kabir ◽  
Mahbub Alam ◽  
Mohammad Mahmuduzzaman ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamoon ◽  
Mostak Uddin Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽  
History Of

A total of 30 cases having bright echogenic liver on ultrasonography and raised ALT levels without Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infection and without having history of alcohol consumption were referred to Gastroenterology department of BIRDEM Hospital and selected for liver biopsy in the study. The patient’s BMI and demographic profiles were recorded and necessary biochemical tests were carried out. After obtaining the histopathological reports, the correlation between different possible risk factors including biochemical findings and histological findings was sorted out. Based on BMI of Asian population, 73.4% of patients were over weight, 23.3% were obese and only 3.3% were with normal BMI. 90% patients presented with diabetes and 80% had some form of dyslipidaemia. 41% patients exhibited hypertriglycerdaemia, 21% had hypercholesterolaemia and both cholesterol and triglyceride were high in 34% patients. Histopathological study revealed that all 30 patients exhibited fatty change with macrovesicular type being the predominant. 43.3% patients had mild (<33%) steatosis and the rest 56.7% had moderate (33-66%) steatosis. In terms of staging of fibrosis in the liver, 83.3% exhibited stage-1 fibrosis and only 6.7% had stage-2 fibrosis. The rest 10% of the patients did not have any fibrosis. No correlation was established between hepatic enzyme levels (AST & ALT levels) and grading of steatosis & stage of fibrosis. Study of association between possible risk factors (Age, Sex, Diabetes Mellitus, Dyslipidaemia & BMI) and grading of steatosis and stage of fibrosis demonstrated that none of these risk factors was associated with those histological findings. Therefore it can be concluded that the patients presenting with bright echogenic liver on ultrasonography and elevated liver enzymes without having hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection and history of alcohol consumption are almost certainly to have Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) specially if they are diabetic, dyslipidaemic and overweight or obese.The level of liver enzymes and the possible risk factors like age, sex, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and BMI do not seem to be good estimates of the severity of NAFLD. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdnmch.v17i1.12184 J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2011; 17 (01): 8-13

Evaluation of Risk Factors and Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C in Diabetic Patients in Kutahya, Turkey

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 858-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aynur Gulcan ◽  
Erim Gulcan ◽  
Aysun Toker ◽  
&Idot;smet Bulut ◽  
Yusuf Akcan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shared Risk

AimTo assess the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses among Turkish patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and to determine the risk factors affecting the prevalence in these patient groups.MethodsThis study included 630 diabetic and 314 nondiabetic patients. Serologic testing for anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) and HbsAg was done using a third-generation commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and samples positive for anti-HCV and HbsAg were confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction assay. Diabetic patients were classified by HbsAg and anti-HCV status and were evaluated according to demographic features, diabetic characteristics and nondiabetic general risk factors, harmful habits, and aminotransferase (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) levels.ResultsHbsAg and anti-HCV seropositivity rates were 5.1% and 3.2% in diabetic patients and were 3.8% and 1.3% in control group, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups with respect to either marker. Shared risk factors for both hepatitis infections were increased aminotransferase levels and history of hospital admission. In addition, long duration of diabetes mellitus, poor diabetic regulation, and insulin treatment usage were found to relate to HbsAg, whereas a history of blood transfusions and surgical procedures were found to associate with anti-HCV seropositivity.ConclusionsWe determined that hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections were slightly but not significantly higher in diabetic patients compared with a normal population. If it is considered that different results might be obtained in various countries or even in various regions of same country, it may be concluded that multicenter and comprehensive studies are needed to elucidate true infection rates and to identify other risk factors affecting the prevalence of these infections.

scholarly journals Endemic hepatitis b and c virus infection in a brazilian eastern amazon region

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo El Khouri ◽  
Quirino Cordeiro ◽  
Diogo Arantes Behling Pereira da Luz ◽  
Leandro Savoy Duarte ◽  
Mônica Elinor Alves Gama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
City Center ◽  
History Of ◽  
Current Infection ◽  
The City

CONTEXT: Hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection has been an important cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. However there are few investigations regarding the prevalence and possible risk factors for these diseases in Brazil, particularly in Amazon region, where there are some endemic focus. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in the city of Buriticupu, MA, located in the Brazilian Eastern Amazon region, and try to explore the risk factors for these infections in that area. METHODS: Two hundred forty three subjects (46.5% male and 53.5% female) were investigated. RESULTS: The prevalence of past or current infection of hepatitis B and C virus was, respectively, 40.74% and 5.76%. Positivity for HBsAg was found in 2.88% of the subjects. The prevalence of current infection or chronic virus carriers found was 2.88% (HBsAg). There was a statistically significant relationship between the sera-prevalence of anti-HBc and the distance of the residence from the city center which may reflect an indirect association between the infection and precarious conditions of existence. Individuals with age equal or greater than 60 years were also more likely to be anti-HBc positive which could only reflect that older people have a longer history of exposure to hepatitis B infection. The prevalence of hepatitis C is higher than the worldwide estimate. CONCLUSION: Buriticupu may be considered endemic for hepatitis B and C. Hepatitis B infection could be related to precarious living conditions and old age. Hepatitis C was not associated with the variables investigated in the present investigation.

scholarly journals Sexual behaviour and infection rates for HIV, blood-borne and sexually transmitted infections among patients attending drug treatment centres in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
F I Bastos ◽  
C M Lowndes ◽  
M Derrico ◽  
L R Castello-Branco ◽  
M I Linhares-De-Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
History Of ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

A survey was carried out in 2 drug use treatment centres (TCs) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to assess risk behaviours, HIV infection and other sexually transmitted infections/blood-borne infections (STIs/BBIs). Two hundred and twenty-five drug users (195 males and 30 females) were interviewed and clinically examined, and their blood and urine were tested for STIs/BBIs. Prevalences (%) for these infections were as follows - HIV: 0.9, hepatitis B virus (HBV): 14.7, hepatitis C virus (HCV): 5.8, syphilis: 5.3, gonorrhoea/chlamydia (CT/NG): 4.7. In bivariate analyses CT/NG infection was associated with younger age ( P =0.003); current genitourinary symptoms (odds ratio [OR]=6.2) and a mainly illegal source of income (OR= 9.1). Hepatitis C infection was associated with a history of ever having injected any drug (OR=19.6), and with each one of the injected drugs. After multiple logistic regression, lower educational level (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=3.70) and 'ever having injected drugs' (AOR=3.69) remained as independent risk factors for hepatitis B infection. In conclusion, TCs must implement programmes directed towards the prevention of STIs/BBIs.

scholarly journals Assessment of Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis in Egyptian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 144-151
Author(s):  
Eman Basiouny ◽  
Faiza Lashin ◽  
Manal Hamisa ◽  
Amal Selim
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes

Aims: To assess hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), their possible risk factors and their association with metabolic syndrome and micro or macro-albuminuria. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Outpatient Clinic of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology Unit in internal medicine department, Tanta University, Egypt in a period between September 2019 to March 2020. Methodology: We included 200 patients had a diagnosis of T2DM according to American Diabetes Association criteria. Then patients were assessed for presence of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis using fibroscan and we used liver stiffness measurements (LSMs, as a measure of fibrosis) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP, as a measure of steatosis) and routine laboratory data were done to rule out possible risk factors. Results: 98.5% of participants had hepatic steatosis and 53.5% of participants had hepatic fibrosis. Those patients had longer duration of DM, higher BMI, bad control of T2DM, higher lipid profile values, association with metabolic syndrome, micro and macro-albuminuria and non-significantly elevated liver enzymes. Conclusion: Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis are highly prevalent in patients with T2DM, incidence of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis is positively correlated with longer duration of DM, higher BMI, bad control of DM, dyslipidemia, presence of metabolic syndrome, diabetic nephropathy, weakly correlated with liver enzymes. TE is an accurate and non-invasive tool to be used in screening for hepatic steatosis and fibrosis ,so we recommend screening for hepatic steatosis and fibrosis using fibroscan to help in early management and prevent its progression into liver cirrhosis.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among males in The Manggis Area, Karangasem, Bali

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ayu Mirah Adhi ◽  
Ni Luh Putu Suariyani ◽  
I Wayan Weta ◽  
Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Sugar Alcohol ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Obesity

AbstractBackground and purpose: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious health problem worldwide. Local alcohol consumption is one of Balinese’s traditions considered to be associated with the high incidence of DM. This study aims to determine the pattern of alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 DM in Manggis Subdistrict, Karangasem, Bali.Methods A case control study was conducted in 55 men with type 2 DM as cases and 55 non-diabetic men as controls. Non-diabetic men were defined with fasting glucose level (GDP) <100 mg/dl and without clinical symptoms of DM. Cases were recruited from the patient's register at the public health centre (PHC) in Manggis Sub-District and controls were recruited from similar neighborhood with the cases and matched by age. Data were collected over May-July 2017 by households’ interview using structured questionnaires. Multivariate analysis was employed using logistic regression to identify the risk factors of type 2 DM.Results: The characteristics of cases and controls were similar in terms of age, education and physical activity, but there was a significant difference in employment. Multivariate analysis showed that heavy alcohol consumption (AOR=7.84; 95%CI: 1.46-42.28), frequent consumption of high sugar alcohol drinks (AOR=3.45; 95%CI: 1.16-10.22), history of obesity (AOR=8.82; 95% CI: 2.43-32.01), employed (AOR=5.98; 95%CI: 1.89-18.93) and frequent consumption of sweetened beverages (AOR=39,57; 95%CI: 4.00-391,8) were significantly associated with the incidence of type 2 DM. No significant association was found between the duration of alcohol consumption and the incidence of type 2 DM.Conclusions: Alcohol consumption, a history of obesity, consumption of high sugar alcohol drinks, retirement/unemployment and consumption of sweetened beverages are associated with the incidence of type 2 DM. Education regarding those risk factors should be enhanced to reduce the incidence of type 2 DM.

scholarly journals The Risk Factors of Pancreatic Cancer Patients in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta During 2014-2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Kaka Renaldi ◽  
Teddy Septianto ◽  
Dadang Makmun
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Family History ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age Adjusted Rates

Background: Pancreatic cancer is a very rare cancer with age-adjusted rates ranging from about 5 to 10 new cases per 100,000 persons per year. It has one of the worst prognoses of any type of cancer, with a 5-year survival rate of only 4.6%. Several risk factors have been identified, including older age, smoking, familial history of pancreatic cancer, obesity, chronic pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus, and alcohol consumption.Method: This was a descriptive study describing the risk factors of patients who were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in the period between 1 January 2014 – 1 January 2019 at the Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital (RSCM) Jakarta. Data were obtained from the medical records and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) database from the RSCM Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center.Results: From January 2014 to January 2019 there were 123 patients with newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer in RSCM. The mean age was 52 years old. The incidence of pancreatic cancer is more common in men (53%) than women (47%). The most common risk factor identified is smoking which was found in 29% of patients, followed by obesity at 27.9% and a history of diabetes mellitus at 19.5%. Risk factors with a fairly low prevalence include alcohol consumption at 9.7% and chronic pancreatitis at 2.4%. No family history of pancreatic cancer is identified in any subject.Conclusion: Smoking, obesity, and diabetes mellitus are common risk factors in pancreatic cancer patients. In contrast, chronic pancreatitis, alcohol consumption, and family history of pancreatic cancer are less commonly identified in patients.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among males in The Manggis Area, Karangasem, Bali

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ayu Mirah Adhi ◽  
Ni Luh Putu Suariyani ◽  
I Wayan Weta ◽  
Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Sugar Alcohol ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Obesity

AbstractBackground and purpose: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious health problem worldwide. Local alcohol consumption is one of Balinese’s traditions considered to be associated with the high incidence of DM. This study aims to determine the pattern of alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 DM in Manggis Subdistrict, Karangasem, Bali.Methods A case control study was conducted in 55 men with type 2 DM as cases and 55 non-diabetic men as controls. Non-diabetic men were defined with fasting glucose level (GDP) <100 mg/dl and without clinical symptoms of DM. Cases were recruited from the patient's register at the public health centre (PHC) in Manggis Sub-District and controls were recruited from similar neighborhood with the cases and matched by age. Data were collected over May-July 2017 by households’ interview using structured questionnaires. Multivariate analysis was employed using logistic regression to identify the risk factors of type 2 DM.Results: The characteristics of cases and controls were similar in terms of age, education and physical activity, but there was a significant difference in employment. Multivariate analysis showed that heavy alcohol consumption (AOR=7.84; 95%CI: 1.46-42.28), frequent consumption of high sugar alcohol drinks (AOR=3.45; 95%CI: 1.16-10.22), history of obesity (AOR=8.82; 95% CI: 2.43-32.01), employed (AOR=5.98; 95%CI: 1.89-18.93) and frequent consumption of sweetened beverages (AOR=39,57; 95%CI: 4.00-391,8) were significantly associated with the incidence of type 2 DM. No significant association was found between the duration of alcohol consumption and the incidence of type 2 DM.Conclusions: Alcohol consumption, a history of obesity, consumption of high sugar alcohol drinks, retirement/unemployment and consumption of sweetened beverages are associated with the incidence of type 2 DM. Education regarding those risk factors should be enhanced to reduce the incidence of type 2 DM.

Prevalence of Hepatitis ‘B’ and ‘C’ in Orthopaedics Patients Admitted In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Hospitals

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1208-1210
Author(s):  
A. Khan ◽  
M. S. Zardad ◽  
Abdussaboor awan ◽  
M. Tahir ◽  
M. A. E. Bhattani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Prior History ◽  
History Of Surgery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Orthopedic Patients

Background and Aim: Hepatitis B and C are widespread global health issues that are rapidly spreading in developing countries due to ineffective preventive measures.Undiagnosed hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viral infections in hospitalized patients and outdoor attendees must be addressed in order to obtain a more accurate picture of HBV and HCV prevalence.The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV in patients admitted to the orthopedic department. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of 1080 patients admitted to the department of orthopedics at Ayub Medical Teaching Institute Abbottabad and Orthopaedics department of DHQ Hospital Thimergara Dir lower for duration of six months fromSeptember 2019 to February 2020.The study included patients of both sex and all ages who were undergoing surgery. Venous blood was drawn from 1080 people and tested for infection using ELISA.All patients were screened for Hepatitis B and C, and positive patients were confirmed using the Elisa method. Results:Out of 1080 patients, 756 (70%) were male and 324 (30%) were female. Hepatitis B and C were found in 86 (8%) of the patients. Out of 86 infected patients, 49 (4.53 %t) had hepatitis C and 37 (3.42 %) had hepatitis B. The prevalence of both hepatitis B and C infections were 4 (0.37 %) of the patients. Of the 49 hepatitis C patients, 32 (65.3%) were male and 17 (34.7%) were female. Thirty-one (83.8 %) of the 37 hepatitis B patients were male, while six (16.21 %) were female.The prevalence of risk factors were history of blood transfusion 14 (16.27 %) patients, Previous history of surgery 17 (19.8 %), dental procedure 6 (7.00 %), and abroad visit in 5 (5.81 %) patients. Conclusion:Hepatitis B and C are common in orthopedic patients, with the following risk factors: prior history of surgery or blood transfusion. To prevent the transmission of HBV and HCV to others, a routinely screened procedure should be followed on a regular basis. Keywords:Prevalence, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Orthopedic patients.

scholarly journals CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY OF PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF HEPATITIS B AND HEPATITIS C INFECTION IN A RURAL VILLAGE OF INDIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasad BHATE ◽  
Naimish SARAF ◽  
Pathik PARIKH ◽  
Meghraj INGLE ◽  
Aniruddha PHADKE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Product Transfusion ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbsag Positivity

Background - Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus are among the principal causes of severe liver disease. There is limited data of epidemiology of Hepatitis B in community, more so in rural population. Objective - To find the prevalence of hepatitis B and C infection in community and study the risk factors for their transmission. Methods - This was a community based cross sectional study. A total of 1833 randomly selected subjects from a rural area were interviewed for risk factors for transmission and tested for markers of hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection. All the positive card tests were confirmed by ELISA. Results - Out of 2400 subjects, rate for participation was 76.38%. None of the subjects was positive for anti hepatitis C virus antibody. Point prevalence for HBsAg positivity was 0.92. Being healthcare worker and having tattoo were significantly associated with HBsAg positive results. Nose and ear piercing was reported by almost. History of blood or blood product transfusion, I/V drug abuse, multiple sexual partners, unsafe Injections, hemodialysis and any h/o surgery was not associated with HBsAg positivity. Conclusion - Health care workers are at high risk for transmission of hepatitis B. Educating common people regarding mode of transmission of Hepatitis B and C will help to reduce their transmission.

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