scholarly journals A comparative study on the costs and returns of organic vs. inorganic farming practices at selected areas near Dhaka, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-299
Author(s):  
Md Arafat Islam ◽  
Nazmul Ahsan Khan ◽  
Raisa Bashar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Effective Choice

Inorganic farming is the norm in most areas of Bangladesh today, especially at croplands near Bangladesh’s capital - Dhaka. However, several recent studies have shown that such practices cause soil degradation overtime, consequently leading to long-term harm to the environment and economic profits. This long-term cost is often avoided by most farmers as inorganic farming is believed to fetch increased productivity/monetary gains, than its environmentally friendly, organic counterpart: the primary aim of this research was to find out the validity of this belief. The research used literature review and analysis of primary data collected about input costs, returns, crop yields, environmental effects, etc., from sixty respondents (mostly farmers and consumers involved in both types of farming), using one-on-one structured interviews, and three focus group discussions at the selected areas of Savar, Sreenagar and Rupganj, focusing primarily on two popular crops – tomato and corn; graphical and tabular analyses were conducted using MS Excel to propose interpretations and record findings. Keeping all other things constant and internalizing environmental externalities, while organic farming was found to produce around 50% and 33% less tomatoes and corns in net terms, respectively, than inorganic farming, the input costs and returns from one cycle of production were found to be lower (50%) and higher (around 200USD), respectively. Hence, from a long-run perspective, organic farming was concluded as the more cost-effective choice both in economic and environmental terms, given that the Dhaka market for organic products are managed better by the producers, consumers and government, alike. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 289-299, August 2019

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN EKSTERNAL DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN TERHADAP MODAL SOSIAL MELALUI MODEL POSDAYA DI KOTA BOGOR, KABUPATEN BOGOR DAN CIANJUR

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amiruddin Saleh ◽  
Rokhani Rokhani ◽  
Rizal Bahtiar
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
External Support ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Mentoring Programs ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Depth Interviews

HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN EKSTERNAL DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN TERHADAP MODAL SOSIAL MELALUI MODEL POSDAYA DI KOTA BOGOR, KABUPATEN BOGOR DAN CIANJURAbstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Menelusuri permasalahan-permasalahan pada tingkat komunitas yang mendasari gagasan pengembangan Posdaya, (2) Mengetahui pola sinergitas dalam usaha mengatasi permasalahan sosial pada empat pilar program Posdaya, (3) Mengkaji dukungan eksternal dan kewirausahaan terhadap modal sosial. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama enam bulan, dimulai Bulan Mei hingga Oktober 2013 di 20 Posdaya di Kabupaten Bogor, Kota Bogor dan Kabupaten Cianjur. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data primer melalui wawancara dengan berkuesioner (wawancara terstruktur) kepada 199 informan dan diskusi kelompok terfokus, kemudian dilakukan penajaman dengan metode triangulasi guna memperoleh kombinasi data yang akurat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagai berikut (1) Pengembangan modal sosial dan kewirausahaan menghadapi berbagai permasalahan diantaranya kondisi sumberdaya manusia, program yang direncanakan, dan pendampingan. (ii) Pola sinergitas memiliki 12 dimensi kerjasama yang dikaji dalam studi ini. Sembilan dimensi merupakan bentuk kerjasama antar lembaga, dimana Posdaya yang dikaji berstatus sebagai mitra penerima program. dan (iii) Dukungan eksternal kepada kegiatan di empat pilar posdaya cukup baik. Namun demikian, perlu adanya pendekatan dan komunikasi yang lebih baik terhadap para stakeholders di lokasi posdaya. Berdasarkan identifikasi dalam kajian ini, pola pengembangan modal sosial dan kewirausahaan sosial diperoleh bahwa pilar kesehatan menjadi prioritas utama dalam pengembangannya, kemudian pilar pendidikan. Kata kunci: pemberdayaan, pengentasan kemiskinan, modal sosial, kewirausahaan sosial Support External Relations and Entrepreneurship Through Social Capital Model against Posdaya in Bogor, Bogor and Cianjur Districts Abstract This study aims to exploring the issues at the community level that the underlying idea Posdaya development, knowing the patterns of synergy in efforts to overcome social problems on the four pillars of the program Posdaya, and assessing the external support and entrepreneurship to social capital. The study was conducted over six months, starting in May to October 2013 in 20 Posdayas in Bogor district, Bogor and Cianjur. The research uses qualitative and quantitative approaches. Primary data collection techniques using in-depth interviews with quesioner (structured interviews) to 199 informants, and focus group discussions, and then do the sharpening of the triangulation method to obtain accurate data combinations. The results showed as follows: (i) The development of social capital and entrepreneurial facing various problems including human condition, planned and mentoring programs (ii) The pattern of cooperation synergy has 12 dimensions studied in this study. Nine dimensions is a form of inter-agency cooperation, which examined Posdaya recipient's status as a partner program and (iii) external support to the activities in the four pillars Posdaya, pretty good. However, the presence of approaches and the need for better communication to the stakeholders in Posdaya‘s location. Based on the identification in this study, the pattern of development of social capital and social entrepreneurship obtained pillars of health a top priority in its development followed a pillar of education. Keywords: empowerment, poverty alleviation, social capital, social entrepreneurship

scholarly journals Management of the Pandemic: Agriculture, Food Management and Resilience During Covid-19 in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-336
Author(s):  
Pushpa Singh
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Entire System ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Vulnerable Communities ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Food Management ◽  
The Impact

This article aims to analyse the impact of Covid-19 on agricultural activities, food security and policies of food management during the pandemic in India, particularly with reference to hardships caused to the most vulnerable communities due to the loss of livelihood, issues of access and availability. The explorations suggest that the growing inclination to centralise the structure of contemporary food and farming would make the entire system fragile, further accentuating the issues of food insecurity in the country. On the other hand, the localised, diverse systems of farming practices existing in various parts of India are rooted in agroecology, judiciously using and conserving the local natural resources. Thus, they have emerged as not only sustainable in the long run but are also food secure. While this impending crisis has exposed the systemic weakness of globalised food systems like never before, it also provides us with a crucial opportunity to mend our food and farming, keeping the long-term sustainability and food security as the goals.

Exploring self-care abilities among women in prisons of West Bengal, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-198
Author(s):  
Debolina Chatterjee ◽  
Suhita Chopra Chatterjee ◽  
Tulika Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Relational Contexts ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Self-care is defined as the ability to take care of one’s body and health with or without the help of healthcare personnel. The purpose of this paper is to explore the opportunities for self-care among imprisoned women within the constraints of a confined life, which, in turn, affect their health. Design/methodology/approach Primary data have been collected through semi-structured interviews with 90 women in three prisons in the Indian state of West Bengal. Findings Findings reveal that a majority of the women cited the inability to self-care was due to factors such as constricted architecture, specific penal policies that thwarted relational contexts in prisons and also the loss of control over their consumptive choices. However, it was found that coping mechanisms also existed among some women who actively constituted penal spaces for self-care. Many long-term imprisoned women tried to actively engage themselves in daily activities such as the “labour” allotted to them. Practical implications The paper concludes that abilities to self-care have a deep impact on the health of women, which if not facilitated will lead to a health depleting experience. At a time when Indian prisons are focussing on rehabilitation, the recommendations for providing opportunities for self-care in prisons can minimize the “pains” of imprisonment and pave the way for rehabilitation. Originality/value The research is based on data collected during original fieldwork conducted in three prisons in West Bengal, India. It provides valuable insights on how penal environments affect self-care opportunities of imprisoned women.

scholarly journals Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment in the High Mountain Region of Nepal: A Case Study of Lamjung District

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-59
Author(s):  
Kala Rai ◽  
Basanta Kumar Neupane ◽  
Raj Kumar Pariyar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Climate Change Vulnerability ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment

Climate change vulnerability has need access to targeted scientific information about the impacts of climate change in order to adapt to its effects. Awareness can be measured through three different parameters-conceptualization, engagement and experimental. This research has conduct in Lamjung district where people are victimize from climate change. Primary and secondary sources of data are used. This study used household surveys and focus group discussions to assess people perceptions of these changes and identify the climate change vulnerability. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the Lamjung districts, vulnerable in the context of the climate change. This result is useful for policymaker, local government and different stockholder who are working on climate change sector. It is also important for long term changes in climate variables and occurrences of natural disasters is the most important component to determine the overall vulnerability. Climate change vulnerability had been decreased considerably in this study area. Meanwhile, long-term research in Nepal is required for extensive work on climate change and primary data collection for climate change vulnerability assessment.

scholarly journals Status and future pathways of resin tapping in Nepal: Appeal for special attention

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Vivek Thapa Chhetri ◽  
Sachin Timilsina
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Upgrading Strategies ◽  
The Right

Resin tapping was pioneered five decades ago since the Laxmi Tapping industry started tapping in western Nepal in 1973. Resin tapping is acknowledged as a cost-effective, viable, and adjuvant source of income for rural people with the potentiality for payment for ecosystem services (PES) outside the resin tapping period. This paper explores the SWOT analysis of resin tapping and future pathways to improve this enterprise in Nepal. The systematic and comprehensive literature search was conducted in Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus; and PRISMA flowchart summarizes the search strategy of the literature survey. SWOT analysis concludes that resin tapping has more strengths and opportunities, but this enterprise is currently under threat due to the shutting down of many resin enterprises with royalty hikes and no incentive. Poor tapping techniques lead to the depletion of pine resources in the long term, so the weakness of the rill method should be counteracted by the modern, cost-effective, more efficient borehole method practiced in many developed countries for resin production. Implementation of the proper policy framework, provision of incentives for enterprise, and sufficient research to create a knowledge base about resin tapping is an urgent need to minimize threats and pedal this enterprise in the right direction. We insist policymakers and stakeholders adopt the integrated forest-based enterprise approach for enabling environment in resin tapping and recommend nine promising value chain upgrading strategies as pragmatic endorsements to execute this enterprise in the long run.

scholarly journals The Incubascope : a simple, compact and large field of view microscope for long-term imaging inside an incubator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaury Badon ◽  
Laetitia Andrique ◽  
Amael Mombereau ◽  
Louis Rivet ◽  
Adeline Boyreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
User Friendly

Optical imaging has rapidly evolved in the last decades. Sophisticated microscopes allowing optical sectioning for 3D imaging or sub-diffraction resolution are available. Due to price and maintenance issues, these microscopes are often shared between users in facilities. Consequently, long term access is often prohibited and does not allow to monitor slowly evolving biological systems or to validate new models like organoids. Preliminary coarse long-term data that do not require acquisition of terabytes of high-resolution images are important as a first step. By contrast with expansive all-in-one commercialized stations, standard microscopes equipped with incubator stages offer a more cost-effective solution despite imperfect long run atmosphere and temperature control. Here, we present the Incubascope, a custom-made compact microscope that fits into a table-top incubator. It is cheap and simple to implement, user-friendly and yet provides high imaging performances. The system has a field of view of 5.5x8 mm2, a 3 micron resolution, a 10 frames/second acquisition rate, and is controlled with a Python-based graphical interface. We exemplify the capabilities of the Incubascope on biological applications such as the hatching of Artemia salina eggs, the growth of the slime mold Physarum polycephalum and of encapsulated spheroids of mammalian cells.

The Effects of Intrastate War and Reintegration on Liberian Child Soldiers: Part II

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rialize Ferreira ◽  
Alfred Mutiti
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Child Soldiers ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Intrastate War ◽  
Legal Frameworks

The main focus of this article is on the effects of intrastate war and the reintegration of Liberian child soldiers into their families and former communities. In this context, legal frameworks for the protection of children, types of recruitment (forced, persuasive, and “voluntary”), reasons for recruitment, and the need for personal protection are dealt with. Also discussed are disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration processes, roles of communities, provision of psycho-social support and care to reintegrated child soldiers, the physical, social and emotional effects they experience, their reintegration into communities, social networks, the disengagement of children from former commanders, and the skills training options provided to these children. In this empirical, qualitative study, primary data was obtained from focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews, and secondary data was obtained from documentary sources. Some of the primary data substantiated the secondary data, confirming the finding that war caused profound damage and heartache but that it also helped children to become resilient. The study found that the brutal effects of war, culminating in the reintegration of child soldiers into communities, manifested themselves over many years.

scholarly journals The livelihood impacts of the Equitable Payments for Watershed Services (EPWS) Program in Morogoro, Tanzania

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel J. Kwayu ◽  
Jouni Paavola ◽  
Susannah M. Sallu
Keyword(s):  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Leadership Skills ◽  
Land Values ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Direct Benefits ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Watershed Services

AbstractResearch on PES programs in agro-ecosystems is recent and limited in developing countries. The authors use a multi-method, quasi-experimental impact evaluation approach to examine direct and indirect livelihood impacts of the Equitable Payments for Watershed Services (EPWS) program piloted in the Morogoro region in Tanzania. The evaluation is based on a survey of 116 program participants and 117 non-participants, 32 semi-structured interviews and 16 focus group discussions to complement the survey data. They find that, while the EPWS program incentives resulted in direct benefits, indirect benefits such as increased crop yields, higher land values, new employment opportunities, more knowledgeable farmers, improved leadership skills as well as increased trust, expanded internal and external networks and strengthened institutions were more important. The results clearly indicate the potential of PES schemes to generate win-win outcomes in agro-ecosystems, but they also call for attention to equity in the design of PES programs implemented on agro-ecosystems.

Insights into Community Attitudes and Perceptions at Borakalalo National Park, South Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 002190962097057
Author(s):  
Ian Gordon-Cumming ◽  
Kevin Mearns
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
Meaningful Participation ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions

Meaningful community participation is core to the long-term success of protected areas. Hence, it is important to understand what drives neighbouring community attitudes and perceptions. This study sought to determine local community attitudes towards conservation and protected areas, as well as their perceptions of benefits and participation at Borakalalo National Park. Semi-structured interviews were held with experienced park officials, while a structured household survey and focus group discussions were conducted across five surrounding villages. The results highlighted a number of interesting findings, including widespread support for biodiversity conservation and protected areas offset by considerable negativity towards Borakalalo itself. It was also determined, despite stated co-management policies, community residents perceived there was little meaningful participation and benefits were poorly communicated and unfairly distributed. Pragmatic suggestions were made for jointly developing more effective participation with the communities, despite limited available resources.

scholarly journals Community development through Islamic microfinance approach: The experience of Daarut Tauhid Peduli Bandung, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-122
Author(s):  
Ela Nurhayati ◽  
Agus Ahmad Safei ◽  
Aya Ono
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Effective Community ◽  
Islamic Microfinance ◽  
Management Staff

The fields of zakat-based microfinance and community development are not often placed under the same theoretical lens that both aim to empower disadvantaged people. This study investigates the experiences of borrowers in the implementation of zakat-based microfinance and analyses the different driving factors they applied in their choice of the zakat-based microfinance of Daarut Tauhid Peduli in Bandung, Indonesia. It applies a community development framework, based on the five characteristics, to explore this Islamic microfinance approach as an effective community development program, which has a religious dimension. Primary data were obtained from semi-structured interviews with the borrowers along with participant observation at a weekly majelis meeting, and these were triangulated with information cross-checked with the management staff of the institution. The findings demonstrate three out of five characteristics of the zakat-based microfinance approach as an effective community development program. They include characteristics in constantly maintaining power relations between borrowers and the institution, increasing capability and ability of borrowers to be more independent and empowered, and long-term duration of the program and sustainability. The findings showed that spiritual factors appear to have been an additional driving force on top of economic and non-economic factors for most borrowers choosing this particular program.

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