scholarly journals Computed Tomographic Assessment of Renal Volume and Its Associative Factors Among Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-723
Author(s):  
Ramswarth Sah ◽  
Mamata Bhattarai ◽  
Bijay Lal Pradhan ◽  
Shanta Lall Shrestha ◽  
Benu Lohani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Height ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Renal Volume ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Renal Size ◽  
Body Parameters

Background: Knowledge of normal renal volume is a vital parameter for clinical assessment of renal diseases because renal size is altered by various medical conditions. Variations in renal dimension in different populations and it’s relation to individual’s body parameters are evident. Different studies have recommended the need for measurement of renal dimension for specific population. This study assesses normal range of renal volume in the study population and measures their correlation with individual’s body parameters.Methods: This descriptive study was done in 261 adults. After renal length measurement on reformatted coronal images, renal width and renal thickness on axil images, renal volume was calculated by ellipsoidal formula. Descriptive statistics and parametric tests were used to evaluate the association between renal volume and different parameters.Results: This study showed a significant difference in mean renal volume between male (right and left mean renal volume 120.52 ± 26.84 cm3 and 121.00 ± 27.23 cm3 respectively) and female (right and left mean renal volume 110.11 ± 21.79 cm3 and 111.15 ± 22.34 cm3 respectively) on each side. Similarly, a significant positive correlation was found between renal volume and body height, body weight and BMI of participant for both kidneys however a significant negative correlation was observed between renal volume and age 40 years and above for both kidneys.  Conclusions: This study provides morphometric data regarding normal kidneys and concludes that male renal volume is more than female and renal volume is correlated to individual’s body parameters.Keywords: Morphometric; nomogram; renal volume

scholarly journals Sonographic renal length and volume of normal Thai children versus their Chinese and Western counterparts

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 491-498
Author(s):  
Chantima Rongviriyapanich ◽  
Thanarat Sakunchit ◽  
Chirawat Sudla ◽  
Supamas Mungkung ◽  
Napapong Pongnapang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Pediatric Radiologist ◽  
Renal Volume ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Renal Size ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Renal Length

Background: Renal size is an important indicator in the diagnosis of renal diseases and urinary tract infections in children.Purpose: The purpose of this study is twofold. First, it aimed to measure the renal length and calculate the renal volume of normal Thai children using 2-dimensional ultrasonography (2D-US) and study their correlations with somatic parameters. Second, it aimed to compare the age-specific renal size of normal Thai children with the published data of their Western and Chinese counterparts.Methods: A total of 321 children (150 boys, 171 girls; age, 6–15 years) with a normal renal profile were prospectively recruited. All subjects underwent 2D-US by an experienced pediatric radiologist and the renal length, width, and depth were measured. Renal volume was calculated using the ellipsoid formula as recommended. The data were compared between the left and right kidneys, the sexes, and various somatic parameters. The age-specific renal lengths were compared using a nomogram derived from a Western cohort that is currently referred by many Thailand hospitals, while the renal volumes were compared with the published data of a Chinese cohort.Results: No statistically significant difference (<i>P</i><0.05) was found between sexes or the right and left kidneys. The renal sizes had strong correlations with height, weight, body surface area, and age but not with body mass index. The renal length of the Thai children was moderately correlated (<i>r</i>=0.59) with that of the Western cohort, while the age-specific renal volume was significantly smaller (<i>P</i><0.05) than that of the Chinese children.Conclusion: Therefore, we concluded that the age-specific renal length and volume obtained by 2D-US would vary between children in different regions and may not be suitably used as an international standard for diagnosis, although further studies may be needed to confirm our findings.

Determination of the Relationship between Renal Volume Model and Related Body Indices for Clinical Application in Ghana

2017 ◽  
pp. 313-320
Author(s):  
Issahaku Shirazu ◽  
Y. B. Mensah ◽  
Cyril Schandorf ◽  
S. Y. Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Application ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Renal Volume ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Volume Model ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Body Parameters ◽  
The Relationship

The study was done to establish the relationship between measured renal volume and body parameters to estimate standard reference value of renal volume related body parameters (RV-BMI, RV-BSI and RV-BSA) in Ghana for clinical application. The estimates were done based on age and gender variation and compare the established standard reference renal volume with its related body parameters. The weight and BMI measuring machine together with tape measure and glass beaker were the measuring tools used. The procedure involve measurement of body height and weight and using the estimated values to calculate BMI with the BMI calculator. It also involve using DuBois formula to estimate local standard reference values of BSI and BSA in Ghana. The reference standard renal volume was determined using water displacement with the Archimedes' principle to confirm the established values in Ghana. These value were compare with established standard reference renal volume model in Ghana which were estimated using abdominal images on MeVisLab application software platform and determined the relationship between these parameters. The determined Ghanaian standard reference renal volume were: 146.74cm3, 151.76cm3, 142.04cm3 and 148.29cm3 for male and female, with its corresponding right and left kidneys respectively. The estimated mean BMI, BSI and BSA were; 25.19kg/m2 39.81 kg/m2 and 2.02m2 for male and 21.91kg/m2 36.58kg/m2 and 1.69m2 for female respectively. Hence from these set of values, the relationship between renal volume and its related BMI was determined to be 6.04cm3-kg/m2 for male and 6.47cm3-kg/m2 for female. While the male RV related-BSA was also determine to be 74.05cm3-m2 and 84.09cm3-m2 for female. Finally, the renal volume related-BSI was also estimated to be 3.81cm3-kg/m2 for male and 3.88cm3-kg/m2 for female. The standard reference renal volume related BMI, BSI and BSA are recommended to be used for renal assessment for clinical application in Ghana.

scholarly journals Serum Pro-Oxidant/Antioxidant Balance in Term Versus Preterm Neonates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Boskabadi ◽  
Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan ◽  
Amin Saeidinia
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
First Time

Abstract Introduction: The oxidant/antioxidant status balance is a process that begins before birth and premature infants are particularly susceptible to oxidative stress. According to the mechanisms of oxidative stress and lack of study in this field, in this prospective study we aimed to compare the levels of serum pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance (PAB) in preterm versus term babies. Methods: This was a prospective cross sectional study that was performed in Ghaem hospital, a university tertiary hospital, Mashhad, Iran. The study population was included of all term and preterm neonates who were admitted to the hospital within birth time. Results: In our study, 324 neonates were included. One hundred ninety eight neonates were preterm (61.1%) and others were term (38.9%). The mean birth weight of participants was 3267.19± 446.35gr in term and 1658.78± 644.97 gr in preterm neonates. There was significant difference between PAB level in term and preterm neonates. Serum PAB level was significantly lower in preterm neonates rather than term neonates (21.86± 21.01 versus 50.33± 31.69; P=0.001). There was also significant negative correlation between PAB levels and gestational age. Conclusion: According to previous investigations, we showed for the first time in our study that PAB is lower in preterm newborns rather than term ones. This is in line with the hypothesis that oxidative stress is higher in preterm neonates.

Condition, Body Composition and Total Body Water Estimation in the Quokka, Setonix Brachyurus (Macropodidae).

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
HR Bakker ◽  
AR Main
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Total Body

In order to compare the welfare of different populations of the quokka on Rottnest I., the tammar Macropus eugenii on Garden I., and the hare-wallaby Lagorchestes conspicillatus on Barrow I., a condition index is developed, based on the relationship between body weight and leg length (from the bottom of the lateral calcaneal ridge of the calcaneum to the tibia1 tuberosity at the top of the tibia). Its validity was tested by determining body composition of 12 quokkas. There is a high correlation between the values predicted for sheep and those found in the quokka, but the quokka tends to have less fat and protein for a given weight and total body water content (TBW). In the quokka, tammar and hare-wallaby, there is a significant negative correlation between the condition index and corrected total body water content. The condition index of field animals of all three species is given. A significant difference was found between the condition of quokkas on Rottnest in April 1976 and April 1977. No significant differences existed between the hare-wallaby samples, either between locations or between seasons. The general application of the condition index is discussed.

The use of Body Surface Index as a Better Clinical Health indicators Compare to Body Mass Index and Body Surface Area for Clinical Application

2018 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Shirazu I. ◽  
Theophilus. A. Sackey ◽  
Elvis K. Tiburu ◽  
Mensah Y. B. ◽  
Forson A.
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parameters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Individual Body

The relationship between body height and body weight has been described by using various terms. Notable among them is the body mass index, body surface area, body shape index and body surface index. In clinical setting the first descriptive parameter is the BMI scale, which provides information about whether an individual body weight is proportionate to the body height. Since the development of BMI, two other body parameters have been developed in an attempt to determine the relationship between body height and weight. These are the body surface area (BSA) and body surface index (BSI). Generally, these body parameters are described as clinical health indicators that described how healthy an individual body response to the other internal organs. The aim of the study is to discuss the use of BSI as a better clinical health indicator for preclinical assessment of body-organ/tissue relationship. Hence organ health condition as against other body composition. In addition the study is `also to determine the best body parameter the best predict other parameters for clinical application. The model parameters are presented as; modeled height and weight; modelled BSI and BSA, BSI and BMI and modeled BSA and BMI. The models are presented as clinical application software for comfortable working process and designed as GUI and CAD for use in clinical application.

Pediatric Cataract Surgery: Comparison between Ages at Surgery and Contrast Sensitivity Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Aquirina Caesari Putri ◽  
Rozalina Loebis
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Cataract Extraction ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Natural World ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pediatric Cataract ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Pediatric cataracts are major causes of children’s blindness. Surgery has proven to be beneficial in terms of visual function prognosis. Contrast sensitivity evaluation after surgery is as important as visual acuity considering that natural world consists of various objects in low-to-medium contrasts. The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference of contrast sensitivity outcomes based on ages at surgery. Method: Retrospective data of children with pediatric developmental cataract from July 2013 to November 2015 were collected. All children who underwent cataract surgery at 60-months-old or less were randomized into two groups, ≤24 months and >24-to-60 months. Contrast sensitivity was then examined with preferential-looking method using Hiding Heidi low-contrast test face chart. The main outcome measures were contrast sensitivity of both groups. Age-at-evaluation, cataract onset, duration of follow-up, duration of deprivation and visual acuity were also noted. Result: Of 14 children (23 eyes), 11 eyes (47,8%) were in ≤24 months group, 12eyes (52,2%) were in >24-to-60 months group. All eyes underwent cataract extraction and similar type of intraocular lens implantation. Mean age-at-surgery was 28,2 months±16,8 (SD). Mean contrast sensitivity for each group was 47,50 %±42,29 and 18,33%±27,38, respectively, with p-value 0,031. Further analysis of Spearman’s correlation test demonstrated significant negative correlation (rs = -0,559; p = 0,006) between the two groups. Conclusion: There was statistically significant difference in contrast sensitivity between those who underwent surgery at ≤24 months and >24-to-60 months. Children who underwent surgery at older ages tend to have better contrast sensitivity afterwards.

scholarly journals Assessing the Attitude of Tampa Bay Youth toward HIV Self-Testing Kits

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Sherry Zhang ◽  
Isabella Lopez ◽  
Bernard Washington ◽  
Brittney Gaudet ◽  
Carina A. Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tampa Bay ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Home Testing ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Us ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Location Study ◽  
Sexual Health Clinics

In adults, data support the utility and acceptance of home HIV testing; however, in youth, particularly in the US, this has not been well studied. In this exploratory study, we surveyed Tampa Bay youth aged 16−27 and attending sexual health clinics between 1 June and 31 June 2018 (n = 133) regarding attitudes and perceptions towards HIV self-testing. While most indicated the clinic over home when asked for preferred testing location, study population and subgroup analysis demonstrated a positive response (agree) to Likert-scale questions regarding the use of home HIV self-testing kits and negative responses (strongly disagree) to “would not use self-testing kit”. There was a significant difference between genders in testing location preference (p = 0.031) for those respondents that specified gender (n = 123), with males more likely to prefer home testing than females. This study suggests an openness of youth towards HIV home testing that could help to expand the number of youth aware of their HIV status.

scholarly journals Preliminary analysis of prostate positional displacement using hydrogel spacer during the course of proton therapy for prostate cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Sato ◽  
Takahiro Kato ◽  
Tomoaki Motoyanagi ◽  
Kimihiro Takemasa ◽  
Yuki Narita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Proton Therapy ◽  
Rectal Dose ◽  
Prostate Motion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Risk Prostate Cancer ◽  
Bony Anatomy ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Planning Ct ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Abstract In recent years, a novel technique has been employed to maintain a distance between the prostate and the rectum by transperineally injecting a hydrogel spacer (HS). However, the effect of HS on the prostate positional displacement is poorly understood, despite its stability with HS in place. In this study, we investigated the effect of HS insertion on the interfraction prostate motion during the course of proton therapy (PT) for Japanese prostate cancer patients. The study population consisted of 22 cases of intermediate-risk prostate cancer with 11 cases with HS insertion and 11 cases without HS insertion. The irradiation position and preparation were similar for both groups. To test for reproducibility, regular confirmation computed tomography (RCCT) was done four times during the treatment period, and five times overall [including treatment planning CT (TPCT)] in each patient. Considering the prostate position of the TPCT as the reference, the change in the center of gravity of the prostate relative to the bony anatomy in the RCCTs of each patient was determined in the left–right (LR), superior–inferior (SI) and anterior–posterior (AP) directions. As a result, no significant difference was observed across the groups in the LR and SI directions. Conversely, a significant difference was observed in the AP direction (P &lt; 0.05). The proportion of the 3D vector length ≤5 mm was 95% in the inserted group, but 55% in the non-inserted group. Therefore, HS is not only effective in reducing rectal dose, but may also contribute to the positional reproducibility of the prostate.

Sonographic Assessment of Renal Volume in Normotensive Pregnant Women and Women With Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension in Enugu Metropolis

2021 ◽  
pp. 875647932110210
Author(s):  
Idigo Felicitas Ugochinyere ◽  
Nwankwo Sylvia Chiamaka ◽  
Abonyi Everistus Obinna ◽  
Anakwue Angel-Mary Chukwunyelu ◽  
Agbo Julius Amechi
Keyword(s):  
Reference Range ◽  
Interobserver Variability ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Renal Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Induced Hypertension

Objective: Renal volume (RV) assessment during obstetric sonography is rarely considered in our locality. Understanding the changes in RV in both normotensive pregnant (NP) and pregnancy-induced hypertensive (PIH) women is important in making correct diagnosis regarding pregnancy outcome. This study is aimed at determining the RV in NP and PIH women and correlating RV with fetal gestational age (FGA), body mass index (BMI), and parity in NP women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 450 patients recruited at a Tertiary Hospital. A pilot study was done to determine the interobserver variability in RV measurement. RV was calculated using the following formula: L × W × AP × 0.523. Parity, BMI, and blood pressure were documented, while FGA was calculated as an average of FGAs obtained from the measurements of fetal biometric parameters. Results: Mean RV of PIH women was significantly higher than that of NP women ( P < .05). RV shows a positive significant relationship with BMI and FGA, while it shows a negative relationship with parity in NP ( P < .05). Conclusion: Reference range values of RV were generated for clinical use in our locality, while there is statistically significant difference between RV in NP and PIH women.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of C-Reactive Protein in Discrimination between Uncomplicated and Complicated Parapneumonic Effusion

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 829
Author(s):  
Yana Kogan ◽  
Edmond Sabo ◽  
Majed Odeh
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Parapneumonic Effusion ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Complicated Parapneumonic Effusion

Objectives: The role of serum C-reactive protein (CRPs) and pleural fluid CRP (CRPpf) in discriminating uncomplicated parapneumonic effusion (UCPPE) from complicated parapneumonic effusion (CPPE) is yet to be validated since most of the previous studies were on small cohorts and with variable results. The role of CRPs and CRPpf gradient (CRPg) and of their ratio (CRPr) in this discrimination has not been previously reported. The study aims to assess the diagnostic efficacy of CRPs, CRPpf, CRPr, and CRPg in discriminating UCPPE from CPPE in a relatively large cohort. Methods: The study population included 146 patients with PPE, 86 with UCPPE and 60 with CPPE. Levels of CRPs and CRPpf were measured, and the CRPg and CRPr were calculated. The values are presented as mean ± SD. Results: Mean levels of CRPs, CRPpf, CRPg, and CRPr of the UCPPE group were 145.3 ± 67.6 mg/L, 58.5 ± 38.5 mg/L, 86.8 ± 37.3 mg/L, and 0.39 ± 0.11, respectively, and for the CPPE group were 302.2 ± 75.6 mg/L, 112 ± 65 mg/L, 188.3 ± 62.3 mg/L, and 0.36 ± 0.19, respectively. Levels of CRPs, CRPpf, and CRPg were significantly higher in the CPPE than in the UCPPE group (p < 0.0001). No significant difference was found between the two groups for levels of CRPr (p = 0.26). The best cut-off value calculated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for discriminating UCPPE from CPPE was for CRPs, 211.5 mg/L with area under the curve (AUC) = 94% and p < 0.0001, for CRPpf, 90.5 mg/L with AUC = 76.3% and p < 0.0001, and for CRPg, 142 mg/L with AUC = 91% and p < 0.0001. Conclusions: CRPs, CRPpf, and CRPg are strong markers for discrimination between UCPPE and CPPE, while CRPr has no role in this discrimination.

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