scholarly journals Morphological and Molecular Characteristics of Anisakis typica Larvae in Two Species of Threadfin Bream, Nemipterus hexodon and N. japonicus, from the Gulf of Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Rattanachai Tunya ◽  
Chalobol Wongsawad ◽  
Pheravut Wongsawad ◽  
Jong-Yil Chai
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Cylindrical Shape ◽  
Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Anisakid Larvae

The third stage larvae (L3) of <i>Anisakis typica</i> were detected in 2 species of threadfin bream, <i>Nemipterus hexodon</i> and <i>N. japonicus</i>, from the Gulf of Thailand, and were morphologically and molecularly characterized. Total 100 threadfin breams, 50 <i>Nemipterus hexodon</i> and 50 <i>N. japonicus</i>, were examined with naked eyes after the opening of abdominal cavity with scissors. Almost all infected larvae remained alive and active even the fish were transported for 1-2 days. Anisakid larvae were exclusively distributed in the body cavity and rarely in the liver. The prevalence of <i>A. typica</i> L3 were 68.0% and 60.0% in <i>N. hexodon</i> and <i>N. japonicus</i> and their infection intensities were 3.5 and 4.2 per fish infected each. Morphological and morphometric analysis were performed by viewing specimens under both a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Interestingly, the protruded mucron of <i>Anisakis typica</i> under SEM showed a distinct cylindrical shape that differed from the cone shape of <i>A. simplex</i>. The protruded mucron could be used to identify <i>A. typica</i> L3 larvae in the future. A comparison of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA nucleotide sequences of these species revealed high blast scores with <i>A. typica</i>. Conclusively, it was confirmed that <i>A. typica</i> L3 are prevalent in threadfin breams from the Gulf of Thailand, and their morphological and molecular characters are something different from those of other anisakid larvae, including A. simplex and <i>A. pegreffii</i>.

scholarly journals The occurrence of Contracaecum sp. larvae (Nematoda : Anisakidae) in the catfishClarias gariepinus (Burchell) from Lake Chivero, Zimbabwe

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Barson
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Males And Females

Clarias gariepinus were collected from Lake Chivero, Zimbabwe, and examined for nematode parasites from November 2000 to May 2002. Of the 202 specimens collected, 42.6 % were infected with third-stage larvae of Contracaecum sp. in the body cavity. The intensity of the infection was 1-7 worms per fish (mean intensity = 2.2). Seasonal variation in the prevalence of the parasite was not obvious and there was no significant difference in the prevalence of infection between males and females (c2 = 2.228; P > 0.05). No significant relationship between host size and prevalence was established. There was also no significant relationship between intensity and the body condition factor (r = 0.11; P > 0.05). The low parasite prevalence may have been caused by the disruption of the infection cycle since piscivorous birds, which are the final hosts of the parasite, do not feed on C. gariepinus in Lake Chivero.

scholarly journals Occurrence of nematodes of the genus Anisakis in Mediterranean and Atlantic fish marketed in Sardinia

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Casti ◽  
Christian Scarano ◽  
Maria Cristina Piras ◽  
Paolo Merella ◽  
Sonia Muglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Type I ◽  
Merluccius Merluccius ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Scomber Colias ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Mean

Anisakiasis is a gastrointestinal fishborne zoonosis caused by the ingestion of third stage larvae of the genus <em>Anisakis</em>. Between January and December 2013, 1112 specimens of four commercial fish species (<em>Engraulis encrasicolus, Merluccius merluccius, Scomber colias</em> and <em>Trachurus mediterraneus</em>) marketed in Sardinia (Italy) were examined for <em>Anisakis</em> sp. The overall prevalence of <em>Anisakis</em> spp larvae was 39.9%, all morphologically identified as Type I. <em>Scomber colias</em> showed the highest prevalence (100%), followed by <em>M. merluccius</em> (Atlantic 91.0%, Mediterranean 71.2%), <em>T. mediterraneus</em> (32.7%) and <em>E. encrasicolus</em> (25.9%). All the larvae found in Mediterranean hosts were genetically identified as <em>Anisakis pegreffii</em>, whereas 90.0% of the larvae found in the Atlantic <em>M. merluccius</em> belonged to <em>Anisakis simplex sensu stricto</em> and 10.0% to <em>A. pegreffii</em>. The mean abundance of <em>Anisakis</em> sp. larvae was positively correlated with fish size in <em>E. encrasicolus</em>, Atlantic <em>M. merluccius</em> and local <em>M. merluccius</em>. The prevalence of infection was greater in the body cavity (37.9%) than in the edible muscle (9.4%). However, 1.8% of the examined fish were infected exclusively in the muscle. Therefore, the risk associated to the consumption of raw or undercooked fishery products poses the need of measures such as visual inspection and preventive treatments to guarantee consumers’ health.

scholarly journals On the openings in the wall of the body-cavity of vertebrates

1898 ◽  
Vol 62 (379-387) ◽  
pp. 232-247 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body

In the review of the vertebrates held in the following pages, I have put together as many facts as I could ascertain on the distribution of abdominal pores in the various groups, and side by side with this evidence I have arranged the available facts recorded by others, and observed by myself, on the distribution of nephrostomes and other openings on the wall of the abdominal cavity.

Experimental Infection of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, with Contracaecum osculatum (Rudolphi, 1802) and Pseudoterranova decipiens (Krabbe, 1878) (Nematoda; Ascaridoidea)

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2293-2296 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Smith ◽  
A. E. Elarifi ◽  
R. Wootten ◽  
A. W. Pike ◽  
M. D. B. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Pseudoterranova Decipiens ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Contracaecum Osculatum ◽  
Merlangius Merlangus ◽  
Northern North Sea

The fate of freshly hatched larvae of the marine ascaridoid nematodes Contracaecum osculatum and Pseudoterranova decipiens (from grey seals, Halichoerus grypus, from Scotland and the Canadian Atlantic) was investigated following oral or intraperitoneal introduction into rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, maintained at 7–13 °C in fresh water. Neither species appeared to survive for long in the trout alimentary tract following oral introduction; a few larvae were found alive after 2 d but none after 21 d. intraperitoneally, P. decipiens did not survive beyond 21 d, but some C. osculatum exsheathed and developed over several months to lengths over 13 mm, and morphologically and morphometrically resembled third-stage larvae from naturally infected whiting, Merlangius merlangus, from the northern North Sea; no moult was detected. Thus, freshly hatched free-living larvae of C. osculatum are able to develop directly to the third stage in the body cavity of a fish without earlier passage through a crustacean or other invertebrate host.

An attempt to use the peritoneal cavity fluid in the diagnostics of acid-base balance disorders in dogs

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Glińska-Suchocka ◽  
P. Sławuta
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
White Line ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Base Balance

Abstract The acid-base balance parameters (ABB) of blood are used in the diagnostics and therapy of acidosis or alkalosis type disorders. Nowadays, some reports on the attempts to use the body cavity fluid for the diagnostics of the ABB disorders have appeared in the human medicine. The study has aimed at comparing the acid-base balance parameters (ABB): pH, pCO2, and HCO3 - determined in the arterial blood and the fluid from the peritoneal cavity in dogs. The study was carried out on 20 dogs suffering from ascites developed as a result of the chronic renal failure. 1 ml of full blood was drawn from each dog from its femoral artery to a heparinized syringe equipped with a needle with an internal diameter of 0.7 mm and the puncture of the abdominal cavity was carried out in the white line. In the sample of arterial blood and the sample of the abdominal cavity fluid drawn the ABB parameters were determined. In the group examined, the ABB parameters determined for the arterial blood and the fluid had comparable numeric values and the same nature of the ABB disorder diagnosed on the basis of them. The conclusions are as follows: the results of the effusion fluid gasometry depend on the mechanism of the fluid formation and, in the case when it comes from the developed capillary network, a pressure of gases and remaining ABB parameters are similar to those determined for the arterial blood.

Reproductive anatomy, gonad development and spawning seasonality of nurseryfish, Kurtus gulliveri (Perciformes:Kurtidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Berra ◽  
B. Gomelsky ◽  
B. A. Thompson ◽  
D. Wedd
Keyword(s):  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spawning Season ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Reproductive Anatomy

The nurseryfish, Kurtus gulliveri, of northern Australia, is remarkable for the fact that the males carry the egg mass on a supraoccipital hook on their forehead. Plankton samples of larval nurseryfish indicate a prolonged spawning season (June–November) that more or less corresponds with the dry season in the Northern Territory. The paired, elongate testes are located in the posterior portion of the body cavity suspended by the mesorchium. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of males was small and highly variable (mean 0.14, range 0.01–0.27) from June to November. The histological structure of testicular lobes showed maturing and mature stages that contained spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa. The paired, bean-shaped ovaries contained about 5500 oocytes (1176–9783) and were located in the rear of the abdominal cavity. GSI averaged 1.58 (range 0.36–4.48). Ovarian histology revealed primary growth, cortical alveolar oocytes, vitellogenic oocytes, coalesced yolk, and atresia. The occurrence of postovulatory follicles and late vitellogenetic oocytes in the ovaries clearly indicate that nurseryfish females are batch spawners. Maturing testes showed signs of previous spawnings indicating that males are capable of spawning several times throughout the spawning season. We speculate that nurseryfish may spawn in a manner similar to their closest relatives, cardinalfishes (Apogonidae), with eggs carried on the male’s hook instead of orally.

The migratory route of Cyclocoelum mutabile (Zeder) (Trematoda: Cyclocoelidae) in the American coot, Fulica americana (Gm.)

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Daniel McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fulica Americana ◽  
Air Sacs ◽  
Migratory Route ◽  
American Coot

The migration of Cyclocoelum mutabile (Zeder) was examined in experimentally infected coots, Fulica americana (Gm.). Newly excysted C. mutabile penetrate the intestine and enter the body cavity within 4 h after administration of metacercariae. Penetration of the liver occurred within 24 h and the flukes underwent a period of development in the liver that lasted for at least 12 days. By day 15 the immature flukes began to leave the liver and 50% of the flukes had entered the abdominal cavity. By day 18 all flukes had left the liver and by day 21 had become established in the air sacs, principally the clavicular air sac, where they mature. The possible significance of the establishment of C. mutabile in the clavicular air sac is discussed.

AN UNUSUAL DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN DESCRIBED IN 1785

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 862-862
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Medical Practitioner ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Third ◽  
The People ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Different Parts

Almost two centuries ago Dr. Bassignot described an unusual skin disease of newborn infants in these words: Seyne or Sedna, a small town in Provence is the theatre of a very peculiar disease, which attacks almost all the new born infants at that place. Some authors have spoken of it under the name of crinons or comedons; but it is known by the people of the country under the name of cees, a corruption of ceddes, a provincial term which signifies a bristle. It sometimes manifests itself within the space of twelve hours, sometimes. however, not till the end of fifteen days, or even a month. The symptoms by which this disease is known, are a very considerable itching, which is augmented by the heat of the bed, and prevents the infant from sleeping; a perpetual agitation; an inability to suck, the child's tongue not being able to accommodate itself to the nipple; and, at last, the noise of its cries being diminished, which become hoarse, and are indeed almost extinguished. This last sign appears to be the most certain; and they in general judge of the severity of the disease by the degree to which the voice is extinguished, and by the weakness of the cries of the infant. When, by these signs, the disease is known to be present, they proceed immediately to the cure. This consists in frictions, which are performed by the women of the country, and who are so much in the habit of treating this disease, that they do not in general call in the aid of any medical practitioner. These frictions are performed on different parts of the body, according to the state of the disease that is present. And they distinguish these stages of it, which are sometimes very distinct, sometimes united. In the first, the diminution of the noise in crying is conjoined with a total incapability of sucking. This required friction at the upper part of the sternum, on the fore and back parts of the neck, on the cheeks towards the angle of the inferior jaw, and on the temples. In the second state of the disease, the infant still enjoys a certain facility in moving the tongue, without, however, being able properly to seize the nipple; when the arms are set at liberty they are extended, the fingers are spread out with a considerable degree of tension, or the hand is firmly clenched. This state requires friction of the fore-arm, from the shoulder to the wrist. The third stage is distinguished merely by a diminution of the cries; then frictions are directed to the arms, the shoulders, the back, and even to the calves of the legs; which probably, as well as the hands, demonstrate the existence of crinons in these parts, by some particular movement, but which has not yet been sufficiently attended to.

Fine structure of the fungus Metarrhizium anisopliae infecting three species of larval Elateridae (Coleoptera). IV. Development within the host

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Y. Zacharuk
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Hyphal Bodies ◽  
Hyphal Body

Metarrhizium anisopliae develops through three structural stages within the body cavity of elaterid larvae after penetration of the host integument. The fine structure of these stages is described. The penetrant hyphae give rise to hyphal bodies, which become distributed throughout the body cavity and give rise to secondary hyphae in all parts of the body. The third stage consists of discrete large, ovoid cells with abundant nutrient stores and few metabolically active inclusions. It is termed a chlamydospore stage to differentiate it from the hyphal body stage, the cells of which are also discrete and often ovoid. The suggestion is that the chlamydospores may maintain fungal viability within the body of the host for extended periods before surface sporulation.

Distribution of Oesophagostomum columbianum larvae along the alimentary tract of the sheep

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 765 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Linear Distribution ◽  
A Value ◽  
Oesophagostomum Columbianum ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Two Peaks

Linear distribution of the third-stage larvae of O. columbianum along the alimentary tract, and ectopic distribution within the organs of the body cavity, were investigated in sheep which were given first, second, and third infestations with 5000 larvae. Two types of nodule were recognized: (1) small gritty lesions, which predominated in the small intestine; (2) caseous nodules, mostly found in the large intestines. Linear distribution of the larvae was characterized by two peaks in numbers along the small intestine, the first immediately posterior to the common bile duct and the second at the ileocaecal valve. The origin of these peaks is discussed in relation to the exsheathment and subsequent behaviour of third-stage larvae and the flow of ingesta along the gut. Three peaks in larvae numbers were recognized in the large intestine; these are discussed in relation to the movements of ingesta. After second and third infestations the numbers of caseous nodules increased and those of ectopic migrations decreased. Also a third peak in the numbers of larvae invading the wall of the small intestine occurred at the beginning of the ileum. This is discussed in relation to the immunity reactions of the host. Of O. columbianum larvae, 75% were found to exsheath in the rumen after 12 hr; pH alone had little effect on exsheathment, except at a value of 6.5, which is equivalent to the pH of the ruminal contents when 10% of the larvae exsheathed after 8 hr. The effects of fresh bile on larval activity was also studied. These results are discussed in relation to the linear distribution of the larvae. It is suggested that after larvae have exsheathed, they respond specifically to environmental change by penetrating the gut wall. When the larvae penetrate into the body cavity, environmental changes are absent and the resultant larval migrations are completely random. It is also suggested that the final area in which the adult worm will settle depends on the part of the gut in which the larvae exsheathed and the area of the gut wall which the activated larvae penetrated. The distribution of caseous nodules is discussed in relation to the host specificity of O. columbianum.

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