scholarly journals Prevalence and progression of macroscopic lesions in Orbicella annularis and O. faveolata on shallow fringing reefs of St. Kitts

2020 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 79-95
Author(s):  
EHR Dorrestein ◽  
A Conan ◽  
LL Pentzke-Lemus ◽  
G Hartman ◽  
SH Sample ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Surface Deposit ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Surveys ◽  
Growth Anomaly ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Fringing Reefs ◽  
Black Surface ◽  
Brown Pigmentation

The endangered corals Orbicella annularis and O. faveolata are crucial to Caribbean reefs because of their large size and contribution to reef framework. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence and progression of macroscopically evident lesions affecting Orbicella spp. in shallow fringing reefs in St. Kitts. Cross-sectional surveys in the spring of 2017 demonstrated 8 predominant lesion patterns affecting 59% of corals (95% CI: 55.8-62.1%), including annular yellow-brown pigmentation, focal brown pigmentation, focal bleaching, diffuse bleaching, annular black surface deposit, focal tissue loss with skeletal erosion, focal grey pigmentation, and growth anomaly. Longitudinal surveys of 47 tagged corals were performed from August 2016-May 2017 to track lesion progression. The 2 most common lesions, annular yellow-brown pigmentation (n = 30), and focal brown pigmentation (n = 21), showed mean (±SD) partial colony mortality growth of 0.26 ± 0.5 and 0.21 ± 0.45 cm2 d-1, respectively. Annular pigmentation progression severity was associated with a marginating band of bleaching (ordinal odds ratio [OOR] = 11.0), and yellow rather than brown color (OOR = 3.8). Bleaching lesions (n = 13), occurring during a time of elevated sea surface temperature, were most severe during October-December 2016, and persisted through April 2017, months after heat stress had subsided. Annular black surface deposits (n = 3) were associated with rapid progression of acute tissue loss, whereas focal tissue loss with skeletal erosion (n = 2) regressed within months, and focal grey pigmentation (n = 2) was quiescent for the length of the study. This study enforces concern for the extent to which Orbicella spp. are declining due to disease.

MANAGEMENT OF BLADDER STONE WITH HOLMIUM-YAG LASER AT KARDINAH HOSPITAL TEGAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Fatan Abshari ◽  
Zulfikar Ali
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Mucosal Injury ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stone Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yag Laser ◽  
Bladder Stones ◽  
Large Size

Objective: Transurethral lithotripsy using Holmium-YAG laser has been reported to be beneficial in breaking up bladder stones with large size (>4cm in diameter) with lower risk of mucosal injury and hematuria. The aim of this study is to evaluate the utilization of Holmium-YAG laser for the management of bladder stones at Kardinah General Hospital, Tegal. Material & Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2017 to March 2017. Patient’s demography, which included age, sex, length of surgery, stone size, and laser’s energy count were recorded. Results: We included 120 patients in this study. Mean of patients age in this study was 51.93 years old with age range were 41-85 years old. Most of the patients were male (109 vs 11) with a mean size of stone 25.09 ± 3.04 mm. Length of surgery ranges from 15 to 75 minutes and mean energy of the laser 28.99 ± 19.34 kJ. There was 100% stone’s clearance following surgery with no major complication occurred. Conclusion: Holmium-YAG laser is effective in managing bladder stones at Kardinah General Hospital particularly for large size stones. Length of surgery and energy of laser used depend on the stone size in which bigger stone size is associated with longer surgery time and bigger laser energy needed.

Kidney Biopsy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Chemouny ◽  
Mickaël Bobot ◽  
Aurélie Sannier ◽  
Valentin Maisons ◽  
Noémie Jourde-Chiche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Hypertensive Nephropathy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Atypical Features ◽  
Retinal Examination

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Kidney biopsies (KBs) are performed in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) to diagnose non-diabetic or hypertensive kidney disease (NDHKD) potentially requiring specific management compared to diabetic and or hypertensive nephropathy (absence of NDHKD). Indications for KB are based on the presence of atypical features compared to the typical course of diabetic nephropathy. In this study, we assessed the association of different patterns of atypical features, or KB indications, with NDHKD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Native KBs performed in patients with T2D were analyzed. Data were collected from the patients’ records. KB indications were determined according to the presence of different atypical features considered sequentially: (1) presence of any feature suggesting NDHKD which is not among the following ones, (2) recent onset of nephrotic syndrome, (3) low or rapidly declining estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), (4) rapid increase in proteinuria, (5) short duration of diabetes, (6) presence of hematuria, or (7) normal retinal examination. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among the 463 KBs analyzed, NDHKD was diagnosed in 40% of the total population and 54, 40, 24, and 7% of the KBs performed for indications 1–4 respectively. Conversely, no patient who underwent KB for indications 5–7 displayed NDHKD. Logistic regression analyses identified eGFR<sub>CKD-EPI</sub> &#x3e;15 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>, urinary protein-to-Cr ratio &#x3c;0.3 g/mmol, hematuria, HbA1c &#x3c;7%, and diabetes duration &#x3c;5 years as predictors of NDHKD, independently from the indication group. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> NDHKD is frequent in T2D. Despite the association of hematuria with NDHKD, our results suggest that presence of hematuria and absence of DR are insufficient to indicate KB in the absence of concurrent atypical features. Conversely, rapid progression of proteinuria and rapid deterioration of eGFR are major signals of NDHKD.

scholarly journals Prevalence of syphilis, neurosyphilis and associated factors in a cross-sectional analysis of HIV infected patients attending Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeodatus Haule ◽  
Betrand Msemwa ◽  
Evarista Mgaya ◽  
Peter Masikini ◽  
Samuel Kalluvya
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract Background HIV-syphilis co-infection can enhance the rapid progression of early or late latent syphilis to neurosyphilis and can cause catastrophic neurological complications. In studies in Mwanza, syphilis affects ~ 8% of healthy outpatients and studies done in the 1990s have suggested that up to 23.5% of HIV-syphilis co-infected patients also have neurosyphilis. Methodology This was a cross sectional study in which adult HIV infected patients who were hospitalized or attending the outpatient Care and Treatment Clinic (CTC) were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and screened for syphilis using serum Treponema Pallidum Hemagglutination Assay (TPHA). Blood was also taken for CD4+ T cells and viral load. Those who were found to have syphilis underwent neurological examination for any neurologic deficit and were offered a lumbar puncture. Results The prevalence of syphilis in HIV infected patients was found to be 9.6%. The majority of patients were female (72.5%) and median age was 42 years [interquartile range, 32–50]. Most patients were on ART (99.4%). In the study population of 1748 participants, 9.6% were TPHA positive; the majority (89.2%) reported not knowing their syphilis status and not previously been treated. One hundred and forty-one participants with syphilis had neurological examinations performed. Four of these had abnormal findings that necessitated a lumbar puncture. Neurosyphilis was confirmed in one patient (0.7%). Conclusion The high prevalence of syphilis in HIV infected patients indicates that there is a need to increase efforts in targeting this population to reduce sexually transmitted infections. Screening for syphilis should be done for all HIV patients given the high prevalence of the infection and the risk that aggressive forms of neurosyphilis can occur despite recovery of CD4+ T cell counts in untreated syphilis.

The Age Profile of Consumption and Wealth

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tullio Jappelli ◽  
Luigi Pistaferri
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Time Preference ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Surveys ◽  
Elasticity Of Intertemporal Substitution ◽  
Age Profile ◽  
Saving Behavior ◽  
The Difference

The life-cycle model yields a number of important empirical predictions about consumption and saving behavior. First, the growth rate of consumption depends on the difference between the expected real interest rate and the rate of time preference and varies with the elasticity of intertemporal substitution. Second, individuals seek to smooth the marginal utility of consumption over time. Third, young consumers should be accumulating resources for retirement, and hence have an adequate level of wealth at retirement. Finally, the elderly should be decumulating resources. To test these predictions, one can draw on a vast array of data on interest rates, consumption, income, and wealth. Some come from time series and national accounts, others from cross-sectional or longitudinal surveys of households. This chapter introduces stylized facts that emerge from a first examination of such data, pointing out the merits but also the drawbacks of the available sources.

scholarly journals How Dietary Factors Affect DNA Methylation: Lesson from Epidemiological Studies

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Maugeri ◽  
Martina Barchitta
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Public Health Strategies ◽  
The Relationship

Over the past decades, DNA methylation has been proposed as a molecular mechanism underlying the positive or negative effects of diet on human health. Despite the number of studies on this topic is rapidly increasing, the relationship between dietary factors, changes in DNA methylation and health outcomes remains unclear. In this review, we summarize the literature from observational studies (cross-sectional, retrospective, or prospective) which examined the association of dietary factors (nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns) with DNA methylation markers among diseased or healthy people during the lifetime. Next, we discuss the methodological pitfalls by examining strengths and limitations of published studies. Finally, we close with a discussion on future challenges of this field of research, raising the need for large-size prospective studies evaluating the association between diet and DNA methylation in health and diseases for appropriate public health strategies.

scholarly journals Overview of work disability in rheumatoid arthritis patients as observed in cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys

2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. M. Verstappen ◽  
J. W. J. Bijlsma ◽  
H. Verkleij ◽  
E. Buskens ◽  
A. A. M. Blaauw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Work Disability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Surveys

scholarly journals Data Watch: Research Data in Health Economics

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
William N Evans ◽  
Helen Levy ◽  
Kosali I Simon
Keyword(s):  
Health Economics ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Surveys ◽  
Conducting Research

In this paper, we discuss some important data sets that can be used by economists interested in conducting research in health economics. We describe six types of data sets: health components of data sets traditionally used by economists; longitudinal surveys of health and economic behavior; data on employer-provided insurance; cross-sectional surveys of households that focus on health; data on health care providers; and vital statistics. We summarize some of the leading surveys, discuss the availability of the data, identify how researchers have utilized these data and when possible, include a web address that contains more detailed information about each survey.

Longitudinal Surveys

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sunshine Hillygus ◽  
Steven Snell
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Panel Surveys ◽  
Longitudinal Surveys ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Change ◽  
The Social ◽  
Panel Attrition ◽  
Panel Conditioning ◽  
Over Time

Longitudinal or panel surveys, in which the same individuals are interviewed repeatedly over time, are increasingly common in the social sciences. The benefit of such surveys is that they track the same respondents so that researchers can measure individual-level change over time, offering greater causal leverage than cross-sectional surveys. Panel surveys share the challenges of other surveys while also facing several unique issues in design, implementation, and analysis. This chapter considers three such challenges: (1) the tension between continuity and innovation in the questionnaire design; (2) panel attrition, whereby some individuals who complete the first wave of the survey fail to participate in subsequent waves; and (3) specific types of measurement error—panel conditioning and seam bias. It includes an overview of these issues and their implications for data quality and outlines approaches for diagnosing and correcting for these issues in the design and analysis of panel surveys.

scholarly journals Prevalence Of Syphilis, Neurosyphilis And Associated Factors In a Cross-Sectional Analysis Of HIV Infected Patients Attending Bugando Medical Centre Mwanza Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeodatus Richard Haule ◽  
Betrand Msemwa ◽  
Evarista Mgaya ◽  
Peter Masikini ◽  
Samuel Kalluvya
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Syphilis ◽  
Bugando Medical ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Bugando Medical Centre ◽  
Latent Syphilis

Abstract BACKGROUND HIV-syphilis co-infection is a combination that enhances rapid progression of early syphilis or late latent syphilis to neurosyphilis and can cause catastrophic neurological complications. In studies in Mwanza, syphilis affects ~8% of healthy outpatients, and older studies have suggested that up to 23.5% of HIV-syphilis co-infected patients also have neurosyphilis

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