scholarly journals Carbon fluxes in coral reefs. II. Eulerian study of inorganic carbon dynamics and measurement of air-sea CO2 exchanges

1996 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Frankignoulle ◽  
JP Gattuso ◽  
R Biondo ◽  
I Bourge ◽  
G Copin-Montégut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Carbon Dynamics

scholarly journals Deforestation in Amazonia impacts riverine carbon dynamics

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 953-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Langerwisch ◽  
Ariane Walz ◽  
Anja Rammig ◽  
Britta Tietjen ◽  
Kirsten Thonicke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Dynamics ◽  
Model System ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Terrestrial Productivity

Abstract. Fluxes of organic and inorganic carbon within the Amazon basin are considerably controlled by annual flooding, which triggers the export of terrigenous organic material to the river and ultimately to the Atlantic Ocean. The amount of carbon imported to the river and the further conversion, transport and export of it depend on temperature, atmospheric CO2, terrestrial productivity and carbon storage, as well as discharge. Both terrestrial productivity and discharge are influenced by climate and land use change. The coupled LPJmL and RivCM model system (Langerwisch et al., 2016) has been applied to assess the combined impacts of climate and land use change on the Amazon riverine carbon dynamics. Vegetation dynamics (in LPJmL) as well as export and conversion of terrigenous carbon to and within the river (RivCM) are included. The model system has been applied for the years 1901 to 2099 under two deforestation scenarios and with climate forcing of three SRES emission scenarios, each for five climate models. We find that high deforestation (business-as-usual scenario) will strongly decrease (locally by up to 90 %) riverine particulate and dissolved organic carbon amount until the end of the current century. At the same time, increase in discharge leaves net carbon transport during the first decades of the century roughly unchanged only if a sufficient area is still forested. After 2050 the amount of transported carbon will decrease drastically. In contrast to that, increased temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration determine the amount of riverine inorganic carbon stored in the Amazon basin. Higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations increase riverine inorganic carbon amount by up to 20 % (SRES A2). The changes in riverine carbon fluxes have direct effects on carbon export, either to the atmosphere via outgassing or to the Atlantic Ocean via discharge. The outgassed carbon will increase slightly in the Amazon basin, but can be regionally reduced by up to 60 % due to deforestation. The discharge of organic carbon to the ocean will be reduced by about 40 % under the most severe deforestation and climate change scenario. These changes would have local and regional consequences on the carbon balance and habitat characteristics in the Amazon basin itself as well as in the adjacent Atlantic Ocean.

scholarly journals Modelling above-ground carbon dynamics using multi-temporal airborne lidar: insights from a Mediterranean woodland

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Simonson ◽  
P. Ruiz-Benito ◽  
F. Valladares ◽  
D. Coomes
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Carbon Dynamics ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Multi Temporal

Abstract. Woodlands represent highly significant carbon sinks globally, though could lose this function under future climatic change. Effective large-scale monitoring of these woodlands has a critical role to play in mitigating for, and adapting to, climate change. Mediterranean woodlands have low carbon densities, but represent important global carbon stocks due to their extensiveness and are particularly vulnerable because the region is predicted to become much hotter and drier over the coming century. Airborne lidar is already recognized as an excellent approach for high-fidelity carbon mapping, but few studies have used multi-temporal lidar surveys to measure carbon fluxes in forests and none have worked with Mediterranean woodlands. We use a multi-temporal (5-year interval) airborne lidar data set for a region of central Spain to estimate above-ground biomass (AGB) and carbon dynamics in typical mixed broadleaved and/or coniferous Mediterranean woodlands. Field calibration of the lidar data enabled the generation of grid-based maps of AGB for 2006 and 2011, and the resulting AGB change was estimated. There was a close agreement between the lidar-based AGB growth estimate (1.22 Mg ha−1 yr−1) and those derived from two independent sources: the Spanish National Forest Inventory, and a tree-ring based analysis (1.19 and 1.13 Mg ha−1 yr−1, respectively). We parameterised a simple simulator of forest dynamics using the lidar carbon flux measurements, and used it to explore four scenarios of fire occurrence. Under undisturbed conditions (no fire) an accelerating accumulation of biomass and carbon is evident over the next 100 years with an average carbon sequestration rate of 1.95 Mg C ha−1 yr−1. This rate reduces by almost a third when fire probability is increased to 0.01 (fire return rate of 100 years), as has been predicted under climate change. Our work shows the power of multi-temporal lidar surveying to map woodland carbon fluxes and provide parameters for carbon dynamics models. Space deployment of lidar instruments in the near future could open the way for rolling out wide-scale forest carbon stock monitoring to inform management and governance responses to future environmental change.

scholarly journals Carbon cycling in the North American coastal ocean: A synthesis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Fennel ◽  
Simone Alin ◽  
Leticia Barbero ◽  
Wiley Evans ◽  
Timotheé Bourgeois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
North American ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Coastal Ocean ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Anthropogenic Carbon

Abstract. A quantification of carbon fluxes in the coastal ocean and across its boundaries, specifically the air-sea, land-to-coastal-ocean and coastal-to-open-ocean interfaces, is important for assessing the current state and projecting future trends in ocean carbon uptake and coastal ocean acidification, but is currently a missing component of global carbon budgeting. This synthesis reviews recent progress in characterizing these carbon fluxes with focus on the North American coastal ocean. Several observing networks and high-resolution regional models are now available. Recent efforts have focused primarily on quantifying net air-sea exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2). Some studies have estimated other key fluxes, such as the exchange of organic and inorganic carbon between shelves and the open ocean. Available estimates of air-sea CO2 flux, informed by more than a decade of observations, indicate that the North American margins act as a net sink for atmospheric CO2. This net uptake is driven primarily by the high-latitude regions. The estimated magnitude of the net flux is 160 ± 80 Tg C/y for the North American Exclusive Economic Zone, a number that is not well constrained. The increasing concentration of inorganic carbon in coastal and open-ocean waters leads to ocean acidification. As a result conditions favouring dissolution of calcium carbonate occur regularly in subsurface coastal waters in the Arctic, which are naturally prone to low pH, and the North Pacific, where upwelling of deep, carbon-rich waters has intensified and, in combination with the uptake of anthropogenic carbon, leads to low seawater pH and aragonite saturation states during the upwelling season. Expanded monitoring and extension of existing model capabilities are required to provide more reliable coastal carbon budgets, projections of future states of the coastal ocean, and quantification of anthropogenic carbon contributions.

Inorganic Carbon Fluxes in the Inner Elbe Estuary, Germany

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorben Amann ◽  
Andreas Weiss ◽  
Jens Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Elbe Estuary

scholarly journals Cellular inorganic carbon fluxes in Trichodesmium: a combined approach using measurements and modelling

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meri Eichner ◽  
Silke Thoms ◽  
Sven A. Kranz ◽  
Björn Rost
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Combined Approach

Controls on in situ oxygen and dissolved inorganic carbon dynamics in peats of a temperate fen

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (G2) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Estop-Aragonés ◽  
Klaus-Holger Knorr ◽  
Christian Blodau
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Dynamics
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