Inhibition of Oxidative Stress in Brain During Rat Adjuvant Arthritis by Carnosine, Trolox and Novel Trolox-Carnosine

Carnosine (CARN) is an anti-glycating agent able to quench superoxide, and to neutralize 4-hydroxynonenal. Trolox-carnosine (CARN-T) was synthesized because of its resistance against degradation and to improve CARN antioxidant capacity. We evaluated the impact of trolox (TRO), CARN and its derivative CARN-T on oxidative stress (OS) in brain during rat adjuvant arthritis (AA). The experiments were done on healthy, control arthritic and arthritic animals with administration of CARN 150 mg/kg b.w., TRO 41 mg/kg b.w. and CARN-T 75 mg/kg b.w. in a daily dose during 28 days. Antioxidants did not affect the body weight on day 14, but on day 28 TRO enhanced the weight reduction. On day 14 and 28 CARN-T and TRO reduced arthritic score. IL-1beta, MCP-1 and MMP-9 were measured in plasma on day 14. MCP-1 was decreased by CARN-T and TRO. All antioxidants reduced IL-1beta and MMP-9 levels. Malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal and protein carbonyls were increased in brain. CARN, CARN-T and TRO prevented higher lipid and protein oxidation in brain. CARN and CARN-T caused no weight reduction like TRO that has an advantage in inflammatory arthritis. Moreover the antioxidants administered had a similar therapeutic effects on arthritic score, markers of inflammation in plasma and OS in brain.

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Therapeutic effect of Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway-related drugs on age-related eye diseases through anti-oxidative stress

International Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.18240/ijo.2021.08.19 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 1260-1273

Author(s):

Zi-Yan Cai ◽

◽

Ke Liu ◽

Xuan-Chu Duan ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Vision Loss ◽

Eye Diseases ◽

The Body ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Related Factor ◽

Classical Pathway ◽

Age Related ◽

Important Relationship

Age-related eye diseases, including cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are the leading causes of vision loss in the world. Several studies have shown that the occurrence and development of these diseases have an important relationship with oxidative stress in the eye. The Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway is a classical pathway that resists oxidative stress and inflammation in the body. This pathway is also active in the development of age-related eye diseases. A variety of drugs have been shown to treat age-related eye diseases through the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE (Kelch-like ECH-Associating protein 1- nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2-antioxidant response element) pathway. This review describes the role of oxidative stress in the development of age-related eye diseases, the function and regulation of the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway, and the therapeutic effects of drugs associated with this pathway on age-related eye diseases.

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Buprenorphine and Methadone as Opioid Maintenance Treatments for Heroin-Addicted Patients Induce Oxidative Stress in Blood

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2019/9417048 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christonikos Leventelis ◽

Nikolaos Goutzourelas ◽

Aikaterini Kortsinidou ◽

Ypatios Spanidis ◽

Georgia Toulia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Redox Status ◽

Protein Carbonyls ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽

Antioxidant Defence ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Beneficial Action ◽

The Impact

Buprenorphine and methadone are two substances widely used in the substitution treatment of patients who are addicted to opioids. Although it is known that they partly act efficiently towards this direction, there is no evidence regarding their effects on the redox status of patients, a mechanism that could potentially improve their action. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to examine the impact of buprenorphine and methadone, which are administered as substitutes to heroin-dependent patients on specific redox biomarkers in the blood. From the results obtained, both the buprenorphine (n=21) and the methadone (n=21) groups exhibited oxidative stress and compromised antioxidant defence. This was evident by the decreased glutathione (GSH) concentration and catalase activity in erythrocytes and the increased concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls in the plasma, while there was no significant alteration of plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) compared to the healthy individuals (n=29). Furthermore, methadone revealed more severe oxidant action compared to buprenorphine. Based on relevant studies, the tested substitutes mitigate the detrimental effects of heroin on patient redox status; still it appears that they need to be boosted. Therefore, concomitant antioxidant administration could potentially enhance their beneficial action, and most probably, buprenorphine that did not induce oxidative stress in such a severe mode as methadone, on the regulation of blood redox status.

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Reduced Oxidative Stress and Enhanced FGF21 Formation in Livers of Endurance-Exercised Rats with Diet-Induced NASH

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11112709 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2709 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Janin Henkel ◽

Katja Buchheim-Dieckow ◽

José P. Castro ◽

Thomas Laeger ◽

Kristina Wardelmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Endurance Exercise ◽

Weight Reduction ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Severe Form ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

The Impact

Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) including the severe form with steatohepatitis (NASH) are highly prevalent ailments to which no approved pharmacological treatment exists. Dietary intervention aiming at 10% weight reduction is efficient but fails due to low compliance. Increase in physical activity is an alternative that improved NAFLD even in the absence of weight reduction. The underlying mechanisms are unclear and cannot be studied in humans. Here, a rat NAFLD model was developed that reproduces many facets of the diet-induced NAFLD in humans. The impact of endurance exercise was studied in this model. Male Wistar rats received control chow or a NASH-inducing diet rich in fat, cholesterol, and fructose. Both diet groups were subdivided into a sedentary and an endurance exercise group. Animals receiving the NASH-inducing diet gained more body weight, got glucose intolerant and developed a liver pathology with steatosis, hepatocyte hypertrophy, inflammation and fibrosis typical of NAFLD or NASH. Contrary to expectations, endurance exercise did not improve the NASH activity score and even enhanced hepatic inflammation. However, endurance exercise attenuated the hepatic cholesterol overload and the ensuing severe oxidative stress. In addition, exercise improved glucose tolerance possibly in part by induction of hepatic FGF21 production.

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Changes in the Activity and Concentration of Superoxide Dismutase Isoenzymes (Cu/Zn SOD, MnSOD) in the Blood of Healthy Subjects and Patients with Acute Pancreatitis

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9100948 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 948

Author(s):

Milena Ściskalska ◽

Monika Ołdakowska ◽

Grzegorz Marek ◽

Halina Milnerowicz

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Activity Concentration ◽

Total Activity ◽

Sod1 Gene ◽

Markers Of Inflammation ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

The Impact

This study was aimed at evaluating the changes in the concentration and activity of all superoxide dismutase isoenzymes (SOD1, SOD2, SOD3) in the blood of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) and healthy subjects, taking into account the extracellular (plasma) and intracellular (erythrocyte lysate) compartment. The relationships between the activity/concentration of SODs, metal concentration and the markers of inflammation were evaluated. To assess the pro/antioxidative imbalance, the malonyldialdehyde (MDA) concentration and the value of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured. The impact of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the SOD1 gene (rs2070424) on the activity/concentration of SOD1 as the main isoenzyme of the SOD family was also analyzed in this study. The SOD2 activity in erythrocytes was increased compared to plasma: 10-fold in the AP patient group and 5-fold in healthy subjects. The plasma of AP patients showed an increased SOD1 concentration and decreased SOD2 and SOD3 concentrations compared to healthy subjects. The Cu/Zn SOD (SOD1 + SOD3) concentration in plasma of AP patients was elevated compared to healthy subjects, but changes in plasma Cu/Zn SOD (SOD1 + SOD3) activity in the examined groups were not observed. An influence of SNP rs2070424 in the SOD1 gene on the total activity of SOD in AP patients (with AG genotype), accompanied by an increased IL-6 concentration, was observed. In oxidative stress conditions induced by inflammation, the participation of individual forms of plasma SOD isoenzymes in total antioxidative activity of SOD changed. A significant increase in the intracellular SOD1 concentration in plasma of AP patients proves the important role of this isoenzyme in the neutralization of oxidative stress induced by impaired Cu and Zn homeostasis. The presence of increased concentration of SOD2 in erythrocytes of healthy subjects and AP patients confirms the important function of this isoenzyme in the antioxidative defense.

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Cocoa intake attenuates oxidative stress associated with rat adjuvant arthritis

Pharmacological Research ◽

10.1016/j.phrs.2012.05.009 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 207-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

S. Ramos-Romero ◽

F.J. Pérez-Cano ◽

E. Ramiro-Puig ◽

A. Franch ◽

M. Castell

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Adjuvant Arthritis ◽

Rat Adjuvant Arthritis

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Whole-Body Cryotherapy Decreases the Levels of Inflammatory, Oxidative Stress, and Atherosclerosis Plaque Markers in Male Patients with Active-Phase Ankylosing Spondylitis in the Absence of Classical Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2018/8592532 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Agata Stanek ◽

Armand Cholewka ◽

Tomasz Wielkoszyński ◽

Ewa Romuk ◽

Aleksander Sieroń

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Whole Body ◽

Markers Of Inflammation ◽

Whole Body Cryotherapy ◽

The Impact

Objective. The aim of the study was to estimate the impact of whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Material and Methods. We investigated the effect of WBC with subsequent kinesiotherapy on markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid profile, and atherosclerosis plaque in male AS patients (WBC group). To assess the disease activity, the BASDAI and BASFI were also calculated. The results from the WBC group were compared with results from the kinesiotherapy (KT) group. Results. The results showed that in the WBC group, the plasma hsCRP level decreased without change to the IL-6 level. The ICAM-1 level showed a decreasing tendency. The CER concentration, as well as the BASDAI and BASFI, decreased in both groups, but the index changes of disease activity were higher in the WBC than KT patients. Additionally, in the WBC group, we observed a decrease in oxidative stress markers, changes in the activity of some antioxidant enzymes and nonenzymatic antioxidant parameters. In both groups, the total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, sCD40L, PAPP-A, and PLGF levels decreased, but the parameter changes were higher in the WBC group. Conclusion. WBC appears to be a useful method of atherosclerosis prevention in AS patients.

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Prophylactic and Therapeutic Effects of CCA on Rat Adjuvant Arthritis

Ensho ◽

10.2492/jsir1981.3.2_158 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 158-164

Author(s):

Hajime Fujimura ◽

Kaito Tsurumi ◽

Setsuko Kokuba

Keyword(s):

Adjuvant Arthritis ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Rat Adjuvant Arthritis

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Inflammatory and oxidative status in European captive black rhinoceroses: a link with Iron Overload Disorder?

10.1101/2020.03.26.009811 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hanae Pouillevet ◽

Nicolas Soetart ◽

Delphine Boucher ◽

Rudy Wedlarski ◽

Laetitia Jaillardon

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Iron Overload ◽

Serum Iron ◽

Iron Status ◽

The Body ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Oxidative Markers ◽

Inflammatory Status ◽

The Impact ◽

And Oxidative Stress

AbstractIron Overload Disorder (IOD) is a syndrome developed by captive browsing rhinoceroses like black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis) in which hemosiderosis settles in vital organs while free iron accumulates in the body, potentially predisposing to various secondary diseases. Captive grazing species like white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) do not seem to be affected. The pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory properties of iron, associated with the poor antioxidant capacities of black rhinoceroses, could enhance high levels of inflammation and oxidative stress leading to rapid ageing and promoting diseases. In this prospective study, 15 black (BR) and 29 white rhinoceroses (WR) originating from 22 European zoos were blood-sampled and compared for their iron status (serum iron), liver/muscle biochemical parameters (AST, GGT, cholesterol), inflammatory status (total proteins, protein electrophoresis) and oxidative stress markers (SOD, GPX, dROMs). Results showed higher serum iron and liver enzyme levels in black rhinoceroses (P<0.01), as well as higher GPX (P<0.05) and dROM (P<0.01) levels. The albumin/globulin ratio was lower in black rhinoceroses (P<0.05) due to higher α2-globulin levels (P<0.001). The present study suggests a higher inflammatory and oxidative profile in captive BR than in WR, possibly in relation to iron status. This could be either a consequence or a cause of iron accumulation, potentially explaining rapid ageing and various diseases. Further investigations are needed to assess the prognostic value of the inflammatory and oxidative markers in captive black rhinoceroses, particularly for evaluating the impact of reduced-iron and antioxidant-supplemented diets.

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Effect of 5-Azacitidine Treatment on Redox Status and Inflammatory Condition in MDS Patients

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox11010139 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 139

Author(s):

Paola Montes ◽

Ana Guerra-Librero ◽

Paloma García ◽

María Elena Cornejo-Calvo ◽

María del Señor López ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Redox Status ◽

Markers Of Inflammation ◽

Genetic Features ◽

Advanced Stages ◽

Endogenous Antioxidant ◽

Plasma Nitrite ◽

The Impact

This study focused on the impact of the treatment with the hypomethylating agent 5-azacitidine on the redox status and inflammation in 24 MDS patients. Clinical and genetic features of MDS patients were recorded, and peripheral blood samples were used to determine the activity of the endogenous antioxidant defense system (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathion peroxidase, GPx; and reductase, GRd, activities), markers of oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation, LPO, and advanced oxidation protein products, AOPP). Moreover, pro-inflammatory cytokines and plasma nitrite plus nitrate levels as markers of inflammation, as well as CoQ10 plasma levels, were also measured. Globally, MDS patients showed less redox status in terms of a reduction in the GSSG/GSH ratio and in the LPO levels, as well as increased CAT activity compared with healthy subjects, with no changes in SOD, GPx, and GRd activities, or AOPP levels. When analyzing the evolution from early to advanced stages of the disease, we found that the GPx activity, GSSG/GSH ratio, LPO, and AOPP increased, with a reduction in CAT. GPx changes were related to the presence of risk factors such as high-risk IPSS-R or mutational score. Moreover, there was an increase in IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α plasma levels, with a further increase of IL-2 and IL-10 from early to advanced stages of the disease. However, we did not observe any association between inflammation and oxidative stress. Finally, 5-azacitidine treatment generated oxidative stress in MDS patients, without affecting inflammation levels, suggesting that oxidative status and inflammation are two independent processes.

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Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking Despite Possible Protective Effects of Exercise Training: A Review of the Literature

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9090777 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 777 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Behzad Taati ◽

Hamid Arazi ◽

Katsuhiko Suzuki

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Relaxation Method ◽

The Body ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Respiratory Problems ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking ◽

The Impact

The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS), which is also known as ghalyan, shisha or hookah, is increasing rapidly around the world, especially among youth. Growing interest in this form of tobacco smoking can be traced, in part, to the use of flavored tobacco products, social acceptability as a safer option than cigarettes, and its consideration as a relaxation method or entertainment. However, there is a well-established association between WTS and oxidative stress that causes irreversible chronic pathological conditions such as cardiovascular and respiratory problems, as well as different types of cancers, and thus increases the risk of mortality. Clearly, induction of inflammation status through increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn leads to oxidative stress and harm to lipids, DNA, and proteins, is the most plausible mechanism to explain the potential harmful effects of WTS. Unlike WTS, well-designed exercise training programs increase ROS to the extent that it is beneficial to the body. In this study, we aimed to review available evidence on the impact of exercise training on oxidative stress and inflammation status. We also summarize the effect of acute and chronic WTS on different exercise capacities.

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