Red clover seed production - research and practice

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
P.T.P. Clifford ◽  
A.C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Certified Seed ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
National Average ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Production Research ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Seed Yields

National average certified seed yields (1972.76) of New Zealand’s red clover cultivars are low, being 259 and 147 kg/ha, respectively, for Hamua and Turoa. Major factors considered important for improving these yields are: reduction in paddock size to improve pollination; preference for undersown pure sowings with the exception of wellmanaged Hamua/Manawa ryegrass mixtures; appropriate grazing management to promote a good level of individual plant development by closing; closing to be no earlier than the beginning of December; irrigation no later than closing date; harvesting dates brought forward 10 March for Hamua and early April for Turoa and Pawera by using a desiccant and direct heading when necessary.

scholarly journals Drastic historic shifts in bumble-bee community composition in Sweden

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1727) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Bommarco ◽  
Ola Lundin ◽  
Henrik G. Smith ◽  
Maj Rundlöf
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Bumble Bee ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
Bee Community ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Seed Yields

The species richness of flower-visiting insects has declined in past decades, raising concerns that the ecosystem service they provide by pollinating crops and wild plants is threatened. The relative commonness of different species with shared ecological traits can play a pervasive role in determining ecosystem functioning, but information on changes in abundances of pollinators over time is lacking. We gathered data on relative abundances of bumble-bee species in Swedish red clover fields during three periods in the last 70 years (1940s, 1960s and present), and on clover seed yields since 1921. We found drastic decreases in bumble-bee community evenness, with potential consequences for level and stability of red clover seed yield. The relative abundances of two short-tongued bumble-bees have increased from 40 per cent in the 1940s to entirely dominate present communities with 89 per cent. Average seed yield declined in recent years and variation in yield doubled, suggesting that the current dependence on few species for pollination has been especially detrimental to stability in seed yield. Our results suggest a need to develop management schemes that promote not only species-rich but also more evenly composed communities of service-providing organisms.

MANAGEMENT OF MEDIUM RED CLOVER FOR SEED AND HAY PRODUCTION

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Winch ◽  
W. E. Tossell
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Crop Seed

Higher seed yields of Redon red clover were produced from the aftermath following an early hay crop than from the first crop itself. Red clover-timothy mixtures produced more hay in June and more seed from the aftermath than did pure stands of red clover or red clover-bromegrass mixtures. Seeding rates of 3, 6, 9 and 12 lb. per acre had no effect on red clover seed yield but did affect hay yield. With 2 lb. of timothy, no increase in hay yield was obtained with red clover seeding rates above 6 lb. per acre.Red clover alone produced more seed per acre than red clover-timothy or red clover-brome mixtures when seed was harvested from the first crop. First-crop seed was higher in seed weight than second-crop seed and this was reflected in increased early seedling vigour.

BUMBLE BEE MANAGEMENT OPTIONS TO IMPROVE 'GRASSlANDS PAWERA' RED CLOVER SEED YIELDS

1983 ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Macfarlane ◽  
R.P. Griffin ◽  
P.E.C. Read
Keyword(s):  
Food Source ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Bumble Bee ◽  
Field Placement ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Colony Management ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Seed Yields

Three options of bumble bee management for red clover pollination are discussed: spring supplementation with queens caught outside the locality; colony introduction at flowering; and permanently sited hives close to the crop. The first two options must be carried out annually whereas the last option presupposes an adequate local food source prior to flowering. It is contended that even with successful permanent siting further annual introductions would be required where the area in crop is to be considerably increased. Details of hive construction, field placement and colony management are outlined. In 1982 the amount of seed set, on a machine dressed basis, for one colony of B. hortorom and B. ruderatus was 130 kg and 56 kg respectively Keywords: Pawera red clover, seed yields, Bombus hortorum, B. ruderatus, hive construction, colony management.

scholarly journals Subterranean clover in North Canterbury sheep pastures

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 189-192
Author(s):  
Tom and Anne Costello
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
One Year ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Seed Yields

The Hawarden basin is typified by dry, hot conditions over summer, which makes it difficult to retain ryegrass/white clover pastures on the lighter soils. These conditions have led to the introduction of better-adapted species such as the annual, subterranean clover. The mid-flowering cultivar 'Mt Barker' was first sown in the 1930s; then the earlyflowering 'Woogenellup' and late 'Tallarook' were used in the 1960s. The 'Mt Barker' type became dominant in these old pastures. The key factors for good subterranean clover growth were soil fertility (particularly P and S), space following dry summers for seedlings to re-establish, and moisture in the spring to maximise herbage yield. A visit to Australia in 1996 prompted the inclusion in new sowings of the late-flowering 'Leura' at high sowing rates (8-10 kg/ ha). It has taken 5 years for seed stocks to build to a level where we can identify good seedling strikes of 'Leura'. Two of the autumns over this period were very difficult and hindered normal establishment. Rainfall is erratic in North Canterbury, which affects the success of subterranean clover from one year to another. Dry summer conditions are optimal for subterranean clover strikes, as the pasture opens, and when the autumn break occurs, more than 2 000 subterranean clover seedlings/m2 can be produced. Autumn grazing management, when recovering from extreme drought, is critical because pasture must be spelled for 6 weeks to allow the subterranean clover to establish. However, if the autumn is wet, pasture cover must be controlled so that subterranean clover seedlings are not smothered. Set-stocking is best in spring to control pasture cover, but grazing should not be too hard during the flowering and seed set period. Subterranean clover seed yields of up to 250 kg/ha have been achieved from old pastures, but this is less seed than is produced under Australian conditions. Pasture renovation using the baker boot drill to re-introduce grasses and new cultivars of subterranean clover has been successful following very dry summers. Lamb growth rates have been excellent on subterranean clover-based pastures and these have increased the farm's meat production and reduced the cost of maintaining pastures. Key words: grazing management, North Canterbury, seedling establishment, seed set, subterranean clover

scholarly journals Chicory seed production: research and practice

1990 ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
M.D. Hare ◽  
J.S. Rowarth ◽  
W.J. Archie ◽  
M.P. Rolston ◽  
B.R. Guy
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Production Research ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Seed Yields

'Grasslands Puna' chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) has been harvested for seed in New Zealand since 1984. Seed yields have ranged from 0 to over 700 kg/ha with an average yield of around 200 kg/ha. Data from Manawatu and Canterbury trials were combined with information gained from monitoring 25 Puna seed crops in Canterbury. Results from work on establishment, time of closing, seed development, response to nitrogen, herbicide tolerance and methods of harvesting are reported, and differences between Manawatu and Canterbury in terms of management of Puna seed crops are highlighted. Keywords: chicory, seed production

scholarly journals Phenotypic traits for wild red clover seed yield under drought conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 140-149
Author(s):  
Giedrius Petrauskas ◽  
Eglė Norkevičienė ◽  
Vaclovas Stukonis ◽  
Vilma Kemešytė
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Foundation Seed ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Seed Yields

Changes in the gene pool and homogeneity of red clover cultivars occur over time. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly renew the breeding material and foundation seed. Moreover, the market also prescribes a new demand. Based on the Natura 2000 habitats profile, we collected seeds from 39 locations across Lithuania in 2016. The phenotypic traits that affect the seed yield of red clover were analysed in 2018. The homogeneity of the populations with reference to the seed yield and 1 000 seed weight (TSW) were determined as well. Also, the possibility of obtaining two seed yields per season under drought conditions from wild genotypes of red clover was analysed. We found that the final seed yield mostly depends on the seed number per flower head (SN/FH), which strongly correlated with 1<sup>st</sup> component of PCA during first (r = 0.91) and second (0.92) harvest. Meanwhile, the cluster analysis showed that the typical wild red clover has a lower seed weight than the cultivars and could be clustered on the basis of seed homogeneity. Finally, based on the seed phenotype and harvest components, there were five prospective accessions (2177, 2871, 2876, 2898 and 2899) for a new cultivar prototype.

Producing Alfalfa and Red Clover Seed in Iowa 1

1949 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Wilsie
Keyword(s):  
Red Clover ◽  
Clover Seed

scholarly journals The Effects of Red Clover Seed Treatment with Cold Plasma and Electromagnetic Field on Germination and Seedling Growth Are Dependent on Seed Color

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4676
Author(s):  
Anatolii Ivankov ◽  
Rasa Zukiene ◽  
Zita Nauciene ◽  
Laima Degutyte-Fomins ◽  
Irina Filatova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Capacitively Coupled ◽  
Clover Seed

This study aimed to estimate the effects of cold plasma (CP) and electromagnetic field (EMF) treatment of red clover (Trifolium pratense) seeds with different coat colors on germination kinetics, the content of seed phytohormones, and the growth of seedlings. Seeds of red clover cultivar ‘Arimaiciai’ were treated with radio-frequency EMF or capacitively coupled low-pressure CP for different durations. There were no differences in germination kinetics between yellow, brown, and dark purple seeds in control, but the germination rate of seeds treated with CP and EMF depended on seed color: The germination of yellow seeds was stimulated stronger compared to dark purple and brown seeds, and EMF did not stimulate germination in brown seeds. The content of phytohormones in control seeds and the shift in their amount induced by seed treatments were also strongly dependent on seed color. No relationship was found between the effect on germination kinetics and changes in phytohormone levels. In the control, seedlings growing from the yellow seeds were heavier, and the number of root nodules was 12.5 times larger compared to seedlings of dark purple seeds. Seed treatments with CP and EMF significantly increased the number of root nodules, and this effect was stronger in seedlings from dark purple seeds compared to those from yellow seeds.

INFLUENCE DES CULTIVARS ET DES STADES DE PRÉLÈVEMENT DE LA PREMIÈRE POUSSE SUR LA PRODUCTION DE SEMENCE DE TRÈFLE ROUGE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1071-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCIUS BELZILE
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cultivar Group ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Clover Seed

For five years, the effect of cultivars and vegetative stage of cutting were measured on red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seed production. The first group of cultivars included Hungaropoli, Ottawa and Lakeland harvested in 1981 and 1982. The second group included Arlington, Florex and Prosper I harvested in 1984, 1985 and 1987. The total annual seed yield differed within cultivars and the highest seed yield was obtained with Hungaropoly and Florex. In the first cultivar group, the tetraploid Hungaropoly obtained a kernel weight higher than the diploids Lakeland and Ottawa. In the second group of cultivars, all diploids, Arlington yielded the highest kernel weight. The percentage of seed germination of Hungaropoly was higher than Lakeland and Ottawa while for Florex it was slightly higher than Arlington and Prosper I. A prior vegetative cutting is essential for good seed yield. In the absence of vegetative cutting seed weight seemed improved. The stage of development at which vegetative cutting is done has little influence on percentage seed germination. These results have shown that despite the strong effect of climatic conditions on seed production, the choice of the optimum stage for vegetative cutting and a well adapted cultivar are important aspects in successful seed production.Key words: Red clover, seed production, cultivar, stage of cutting

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document