scholarly journals Morpho-Molecular Identification, Pathogenicity Variation, Mating Biology, and Fumonisin Production of Fusarium Species in Zea mays L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-49
Author(s):  
Narges Atabaki ◽  
Vahid Rahjoo ◽  
Mohamed M. Hanafi ◽  
Rambod Abiri ◽  
Hamidreza Z. Zadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fusarium Proliferatum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Wide Range

Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium proliferatum cause a wide range of maize diseases.  These fungi produce dangerous mycotoxins, such as fumonisin B1, which are important threats to humans and animals. Given this predicament, the present study aimed to identify the fungi both molecular-morphologically and also investigate the pathogenicity variation and mating type of 41 Fusarium strains in maize (Zea mays L.) samples with sifting their fumonisin contents.  Furthermore, species-specific primers for the molecular identification of distinct strains amplified 2 fragments of 578 and 800 bp in Fusarium verticillioides, while a single 585 bp band was amplified in Fusarium proliferatum.  Accordingly, 24 isolates out of 41 were identified as F. verticillioides, and 13 isolates were identified as F. proliferatum.  The fumonisin-producing and non-producing Fusarium strains were identified using the VERTF-1/VERTF-2 primers.  A total of 24 isolates of F. verticillioides were positively scored based on the amplification of a single 400 bp fragment.  The highest and lowest fumonisin content, as measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), belonged to strains MS1 and MG3, respectively, and ranged from 960-12673 and 4.07-23 ppm, respectively.  Additionally, the mating type test showed that the sexual form of the studied Fusarium species could possibly belong to the A and D mating populations.  In vivo and in vitro pathogenicity tests revealed a high susceptibility.

The prevalence of Fusarium spp. colonizing seed corn stalks in southwestern Ontario, Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tamburic-Ilincic ◽  
A. W. Schaafsma
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Seed Corn ◽  
Over Time

Gibberella zeae, Fusarium verticillioides and F. subglutinans are the most important causes of Fusarium stalk rot in corn (Zea mays L.). Gibberella zeae also causes fusarium head blight in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and gibberella ear rot in corn. The objectives of this study were to investigate prevalence of Fusarium species in the stalks of seed corn over time and to investigate the influence of sampling time and internode position on Fusarium spp. and G. zeae, particularly. Fusarium subglutinans and G. zeae were the most frequently recovered species from asymptomatic host tissue and from pink discoloration on stalks, respectively. More G. zeae was isolated from the basal internode of stalks than from the higher ones closer to harvest time. Other species isolated from seed corn stalks over time included F. verticillioides, F. oxysporum, F. sporotrichioides and F. equiseti. A similar spectrum of Fusarium species was identified from corn ears and from winter wheat across southwestern Ontario. Key words: Zea mays L., Fusarium spp.

Silicon and cadmium interaction of maize (Zea mays L.) plants cultivated in vitro

Biologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Lukacova ◽  
Denis Liska ◽  
Boris Bokor ◽  
Renata Svubova ◽  
Alexander Lux
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L

scholarly journals Long non-coding RNA OIP5-AS1 aggravates acute lung injury by promoting inflammation and cell apoptosis via regulating the miR-26a-5p/TLR4 axis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingsong Sun ◽  
Man Luo ◽  
Zhiwei Gao ◽  
Xiang Han ◽  
Weiqin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Acute lung injury (ALI) is a pulmonary disorder that leads to acute respiration failure and thereby results in a high mortality worldwide. Increasing studies have indicated that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a promoter in ALI, and we aimed to explore the underlying upstream mechanism of TLR4 in ALI. Methods We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce an acute inflammatory response in vitro model and a murine mouse model. A wide range of experiments including reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, hematoxylin–eosin staining, RNA immunoprecipitation, luciferase activity and caspase-3 activity detection assays were conducted to figure out the expression status, specific role and potential upstream mechanism of TLR4 in ALI. Result TLR4 expression was upregulated in ALI mice and LPS-treated primary bronchial/tracheal epithelial cells. Moreover, miR-26a-5p was confirmed to target TLR4 according to results of luciferase reporter assay. In addition, miR-26a-5p overexpression decreased the contents of proinflammatory factors and inhibited cell apoptosis, while upregulation of TLR4 reversed these effects of miR-26a-5p mimics, implying that miR-26a-5p alleviated ALI by regulating TLR4. Afterwards, OPA interacting protein 5 antisense RNA 1 (OIP5-AS1) was identified to bind with miR-26a-5p. Functionally, OIP5-AS1 upregulation promoted the inflammation and miR-26a-5p overexpression counteracted the influence of OIP5-AS1 upregulation on cell inflammatory response and apoptosis. Conclusion OIP5-AS1 promotes ALI by regulating the miR-26a-5p/TLR4 axis in ALI mice and LPS-treated cells, which indicates a promising insight into diagnostics and therapeutics in ALI.

scholarly journals Efeito do estresse salino e da prolina exógena em calos de milho

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
TEREZINHA RANGEL CAMARA ◽  
LILIA WILLADINO ◽  
JOSEP MARIA TORNÉ ◽  
ALBERT MANICK ◽  
MARIA ASUNCIÓN SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de NaCl (0, 68, 137 e 205 mM) sobre o cultivo in vitro de calos de dois genótipos (W64Ao2 e Arizona 8601) de milho (Zea mays L.), em meio de cultura N6, suplementado ou não com a adição de 6,0 mM de prolina. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação dos quatro níveis de NaCl com os dois níveis de prolina, num fatorial 4x2. Os tratamentos foram mantidos durante 60 dias, com subcultivos a cada 20 dias. A taxa de crescimento dos calos e o conteúdo endógeno de putrescina, espermina, espermidina, prolina e outros aminoácidos livres foram avaliados no final do período experimental. A adição de prolina exógena favoreceu o crescimento dos calos no tratamento-controle e minorou os efeitos deletérios do estresse salino em ambos os genótipos, no nível de sal mais elevado (250mM de NaCl). A taxa de crescimento dos calos de W64Ao2 foi superior àquela dos calos de Arizona 8601, possivelmente por causa, em parte, do maior acúmulo de prolina endógena e da manutenção ativa do metabolismo das poliaminas naqueles calos.

In vitro Selection and Characterization of Drought Tolerant Somaclones of Tropical Maize (Zea mays L.)

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Matheka ◽  
E. Magiri ◽  
A.O. Rasha ◽  
J. Machuka
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Drought Tolerant

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review on Corn Starch-Based Nanomaterials: Properties, Simulations, and Applications

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2161
Author(s):  
Chella Perumal Palanisamy ◽  
Bo Cui ◽  
Hongxia Zhang ◽  
Selvaraj Jayaraman ◽  
Gothandam Kodiveri Muthukaliannan
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alternative Materials

Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the major food crops, and it is considered to be a very distinctive plant, since it is able to produce a large amount of the natural polymer of starch through its capacity to utilize large amounts of sunlight. Corn starch is used in a wide range of products and applications. In recent years, the use of nanotechnology for applications in the food industry has become more apparent; it has been used for protecting against biological and chemical deterioration, increasing bioavailability, and enhancing physical properties, among other functions. However, the high cost of nanotechnology can make it difficult for its application on a commercial scale. As a biodegradable natural polymer, corn starch is a great alternative for the production of nanomaterials. Therefore, the search for alternative materials to be used in nanotechnology has been studied. This review has discussed in detail the properties, simulations, and wide range of applications of corn starch-based nanomaterials.

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