Multimodal Mating Signals: Evolution, Genetics and Physiological Background

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mating Signals ◽  
Physiological Background

scholarly journals Editorial: Multimodal Mating Signals: Evolution, Genetics and Physiological Background

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid T. Groot ◽  
Varvara Vedenina ◽  
Emily Burdfield-Steel
Keyword(s):  
Mating Signals ◽  
Physiological Background

The effect of ultrasound on the attractiveness of acoustic mating signals

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Farris ◽  
T. G. Forrest ◽  
R. R. Hoy
Keyword(s):  
Mating Signals

Multisensory modalities increase working memory for mating signals in a treefrog

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bicheng Zhu ◽  
Ya Zhou ◽  
Yue Yang ◽  
Ke Deng ◽  
Tongliang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Mating Signals

scholarly journals Canard solutions in neural mass models: consequences on critical regimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Köksal Ersöz ◽  
Fabrice Wendling
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Singular Perturbation Theory ◽  
Geometric Singular Perturbation Theory ◽  
Critical Transitions ◽  
Intracerebral Eeg ◽  
Neural Mass ◽  
Mesoscopic Level ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
Physiological Background

AbstractMathematical models at multiple temporal and spatial scales can unveil the fundamental mechanisms of critical transitions in brain activities. Neural mass models (NMMs) consider the average temporal dynamics of interconnected neuronal subpopulations without explicitly representing the underlying cellular activity. The mesoscopic level offered by the neural mass formulation has been used to model electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings and to investigate various cerebral mechanisms, such as the generation of physiological and pathological brain activities. In this work, we consider a NMM widely accepted in the context of epilepsy, which includes four interacting neuronal subpopulations with different synaptic kinetics. Due to the resulting three-time-scale structure, the model yields complex oscillations of relaxation and bursting types. By applying the principles of geometric singular perturbation theory, we unveil the existence of the canard solutions and detail how they organize the complex oscillations and excitability properties of the model. In particular, we show that boundaries between pathological epileptic discharges and physiological background activity are determined by the canard solutions. Finally we report the existence of canard-mediated small-amplitude frequency-specific oscillations in simulated local field potentials for decreased inhibition conditions. Interestingly, such oscillations are actually observed in intracerebral EEG signals recorded in epileptic patients during pre-ictal periods, close to seizure onsets.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and the Differences in Physiological Background Between Children and Adults and Their Clinical Consequences

2021 ◽  
pp. S209-S225
Author(s):  
L KAPUSTOVA ◽  
O PETROVICOVA ◽  
P BANOVCIN ◽  
M ANTOSOVA ◽  
A BOBCAKOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Physiological Background

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has indeed been one of the most significant problems facing the world in the last decade. It has affected (directly or indirectly) the entire population and all age groups. Children have accounted for 1.7 % to 2 % of the diagnosed cases of COVID-19. COVID-19 in children is usually associated with a mild course of the disease and a better survival rate than in adults. In this review, we investigate the different mechanisms which underlie this observation. Generally, we can say that the innate immune response of children is strong because they have a trained immunity, allowing the early control of infection at the site of entry. Suppressed adaptive immunity and a dysfunctional innate immune response is seen in adult patients with severe infections but not in children. This may relate to immunosenescence in the elderly. Another proposed factor is the different receptors for SARS-CoV-2 and their differences in expression between these age groups. In infants and toddlers, effective immune response to viral particles can be modulated by the pre-existing non-specific effect of live attenuated vaccines on innate immunity and vitamin D prophylaxis. However, all the proposed mechanisms require verification in larger cohorts of patients. Our knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 is still developing.

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