Temporospatial Flavonoids Metabolism Variation in Ginkgo biloba Leaves

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) is a high-value medicinal tree species characterized by its flavonoids beneficial effects that are abundant in leaves. We performed a temporospatial comprehensive transcriptome and metabolome dynamics analyses of clonally propagated Ginkgo plants at four developmental stages (time: May to August) across three different environments (space) to unravel leaves flavonoids biosynthesis variation. Principal component analysis revealed clear gene expression separation across samples from different environments and leaf-developmental stages. We found that flavonoid-related metabolism was more active in the early stage of leaf development, and the content of total flavonoid glycosides and the expression of some genes in flavonoid biosynthesis pathway peaked in May. We also constructed a co-expression regulation network and identified eight GbMYBs and combining with other TF genes (3 GbERFs, 1 GbbHLH, and 1 GbTrihelix) positively regulated the expression of multiple structural genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. We found that part of these GbTFs (Gb_11316, Gb_32143, and Gb_00128) expressions was negatively correlated with mean minimum temperature and mean relative humidity, while positively correlated with sunshine duration. This study increased our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of flavonoids biosynthesis in Ginkgo leaves and provided insight into the proper production and management of Ginkgo commercial plantations.

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An R2R3-MYB transcription factor as a negative regulator of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in Ginkgo biloba

Functional & Integrative Genomics ◽

10.1007/s10142-013-0352-1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 177-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Feng Xu ◽

Yingjing Ning ◽

Weiwei Zhang ◽

Yongling Liao ◽

Linling Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Ginkgo Biloba ◽

Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽

Negative Regulator ◽

Myb Transcription Factor ◽

Biosynthesis Pathway ◽

R2r3 Myb ◽

Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway

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Discovery and evaluation of a novel step in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway regulated by F3H gene using a yeast expression system

10.1101/753210 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rahmatullah Jan ◽

Sajjad Asaf ◽

Sanjita Paudel ◽

Sangkyu Lee ◽

Kyung-Min Kim

Keyword(s):

Western Blotting ◽

Rice Plant ◽

Expression System ◽

Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽

Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽

Yeast Expression ◽

List Type ◽

Biosynthesis Pathway ◽

Yeast Expression System ◽

Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway

AbstractKaempferol and quercetin are the essential plant secondary metabolites that confer huge biological functions in the plant defense system. These metabolites are produced in low quantities in plants, therefore engineering microbial factory is a favorable strategy for the production of these metabolites. In this study, biosynthetic pathways for kaempferol and quercetin were constructed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using naringenin as a substrate. The results elucidated a novel step for the first time in kaempferol and quercetin biosynthesis directly from naringenin catalyzed by flavonol 3-hydroxylase (F3H). F3H gene from rice was cloned into pRS42K yeast episomal plasmid (YEP) vector using BamH1 and Xho1 restriction enzymes. We analyzed our target gene activity in engineered and in empty strains. The results were confirmed through TLC followed by Western blotting, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and LC-MS. TLC showed positive results on comparing both compounds extracted from the engineered strain with the standard reference. Western blotting confirmed lack of Oryza sativa flavonol 3-hydroxylase (OsF3H) activity in empty strains while high OsF3H expression in engineered strains. NMR spectroscopy confirmed only quercetin, while LCMS-MS results revealed that F3H is responsible for naringenin conversion to both kaempferol and quercetin. These results concluded that rice F3H catalyzes naringenin metabolism via hydroxylation and synthesizes kaempferol and quercetin.HighlightsCurrent study is a discovery of a novel step in flavonoid biosynthesis pathway of rice plant.In this study F3H gene from rice plant was functionally expressed in yeast expression system.Results confirmed that, F3H gene is responsible for the canalization of naringenin and converted into kaempferol and quercetin.The results were confirmed through, western blotting, TLC, HPLC and NMR analysis.

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A fast and simple LC-MS-based characterization of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway for few seed(ling)s

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-016-0880-7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Benjamin Jaegle ◽

Miran Kalle Uroic ◽

Xu Holtkotte ◽

Christina Lucas ◽

Andreas Ole Termath ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽

Biosynthesis Pathway ◽

Seed Ling ◽

Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway

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Ethylene mediates the branching of the jasmonate‐induced flavonoid biosynthesis pathway by suppressing anthocyanin biosynthesis in red Chinese pear fruits

Plant Biotechnology Journal ◽

10.1111/pbi.13287 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 1223-1240 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Junbei Ni ◽

Yuan Zhao ◽

Ruiyan Tao ◽

Lei Yin ◽

Ling Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽

Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽

Biosynthesis Pathway ◽

Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway

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Ginkgo biloba L. Responds to Red and Blue Light: Via Phenylpropanoid and Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12081079 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 1079

Author(s):

Lei Zhang ◽

Gaiping Wang ◽

Guibin Wang ◽

Fuliang Cao

Keyword(s):

Blue Light ◽

Ginkgo Biloba ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Transcriptome Sequencing ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Light Quality ◽

Red Light ◽

Enrichment Analysis ◽

Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽

Sequencing Analysis

Light quality is a key environmental factor affecting plant growth and development. In this study, RNA-seq technology was used to explore the molecular mechanisms of ginkgo metabolism under different monochromatic lights. Leaves were used for transcriptome sequencing analysis after being irradiated by red, blue, and white LED lights. After treatment, 2040 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that the DEGs were annotated into 49 terms. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that 736 DEGs were enriched in 100 metabolic pathways, and 13 metabolic pathways were significantly enriched, especially ‘phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’ and ‘flavonoid biosynthesis’. Further analysis of DEGs expression in the two pathways showed that Ginkgo biloba adapts to blue light mainly by promoting the expression of GbFLS to synthesize quercetin, kaempferol, and myncetin, and adapts to red light by promoting the expression of GbDFR to synthesize leucocyanidin. Nine DEGs were randomly selected for qRT-PCR verification, and the gene expression results were consistent with that of transcriptome sequencing. In conclusion, this study is the first to explore the molecular mechanism of ginkgo in response to different monochromatic lights, and it will lay a foundation for the research and application of light quality in the cultivation of leaf-use G. biloba.

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Transcriptomic analyses reveal molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of floral attributes in Lonicera japonica Thunb.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-216108/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lei Shi ◽

Yuan Shen ◽

Yuhao Chi

Keyword(s):

Flower Development ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

De Novo ◽

Floral Scent ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Lonicera Japonica ◽

Biosynthesis Pathway ◽

Terpenoid Biosynthesis ◽

Genes Encoding

Abstract Background Lonicera Japonica Thunb. is a perennial, semi-evergreen and twining vine in the family of Caprifoliaceae, which is widely cultivated in Asia. Thus far, L. japonica is often used to treat some human diseases including COVID-19, H1N1 influenza and hand-foot-and-mouth diseases, however, the regulatory mechanism of intrinsic physiological processes during different floral developmental stages of L. japonica remain largely unknown. Results The complete transcriptome of L. japonica was de novo-assembled and annotated, generating a total of 195850 unigenes, of which 84657 could be functionally annotated. 70 candidate genes involved in flowering transition were identified and the flowering regulatory network of five pathways was constructed in L. japonica. The mRNA transcripts of AGL24 and SOC1 exhibited a downward trend during flowering transition and followed by a gradual increase during the flower development. The transcripts of AP1 was only detected during the floral development, whereas the transcript level of FLC was high during the vegetative stages. The expression profiles of AGL24, SOC1, AP1 and FLC genes indicate that these key integrators might play the essential and evolutionarily conserved roles in control of flowering switch across the plant kingdom. We also identified 54 L. japonica genes encoding enzymes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis pathway. Most highly expressed genes centered on the MEP pathway, suggesting that this plastid pathway might represent the major pathway for terpenoid biosynthesis in L. japonica. In addition, 33 and 31 key genes encoding enzymes involved in the carotenogenesis and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were identified, respectively. PSY transcripts gradually increased during the flower development, supporting its role as the first rate-limiting enzyme in carotenoid skeleton production. The expression level of most anthocyanin biosynthetic genes was dramatically decreased during the flower developmental stages, consistent with the decline in the contents of anthocyanin. Conclusion These results identified a large number of potential key regulators controlling flowering time, flower color and floral scent formation in L. japonica, which improves our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the flower traits and flower metabolism, as well as sets the groundwork for quality improvement and molecular breeding of L. japonica.

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Recent origin of an XX/XY sex-determination system in the ancient plant lineage Ginkgo biloba

10.1101/517946 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

He Zhang ◽

Rui Zhang ◽

Xianwei Yang ◽

Kai-Jie Gu ◽

Wenbin Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Determination ◽

Ginkgo Biloba ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Living Fossil ◽

Origin And Evolution ◽

Biological Trait ◽

Determination System ◽

Recent Origin ◽

Sex Determination System

ABSTRACTSexual dimorphism like dioecy (separate male and female individuals) have evolved in diverse multicellular eukaryotes while the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of such a key biological trait remains elusive (1). The living fossil Ginkgo biloba represents an early diverged lineage of land plants with dioecy. However, its sex-determination system and molecular basis have long been controversial or unknown. In the present research, we assembled the first and largest to date chromosome-level genome of a non-model tree species using Hi-C data. With this reference genome, we addressed both questions using genome resequencing data gathered from 97 male and 265 female trees of ginkgo, as well as transcriptome data from three developmental stages for both sexes. Our results support vertebrate-like XY chromosomes for ginkgo and five potential sex-determination genes, which may originate ~14 million years ago. This is the earliest diverged sex determination region in all reported plants as yet. The present research resolved a long-term controversy, lay a foundation for future studies on the origin and evolution of plant sexes, and provide genetic markers for sex identification of ginkgo which will be valuable for both nurseries and field ecology of ginkgo.

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Phenylpropanoid metabolism and pigmentation show divergent patterns between brown color and green color cottons as revealed by metabolic and gene expression analyses

Journal of Cotton Research ◽

10.1186/s42397-020-00069-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhonghua LI ◽

Qian SU ◽

Mingqi XU ◽

Jiaqi YOU ◽

Anam Qadir KHAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fiber Quality ◽

Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽

Cotton Fibers ◽

Phenylpropanoid Metabolism ◽

Biosynthesis Pathway ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Colored Cotton ◽

Different Color ◽

Naturally Colored Cotton ◽

Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway

Abstract Background Naturally-colored cotton has become increasingly popular because of their natural properties of coloration, UV protection, flame retardant, antibacterial activity and mildew resistance. But poor fiber quality and limited color choices are two key issues that have restricted the cultivation of naturally-colored cotton. To identify the possible pathways participating in fiber pigmentation in naturally-colored cottons, five colored cotton accessions in three different color types (with green, brown and white fiber) were chosen for a comprehensive analysis of phenylpropanoid metabolism during fiber development. Results The expression levels of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes in brown cotton fibers were significantly higher than those in white and green cotton fibers. Total flavonoids and proanthocyanidin were higher in brown cotton fibers relative to those in white and green cotton fibers, which suggested that the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway might not participate in the pigmentation of green cotton fibers. Further expression analysis indicated that the genes encoding enzymes for the synthesis of caffeic acid derivatives, lignin and lignan were activated in the developing fibers of the green cotton at 10 and 15 days post-anthesis. Conclusions Our results strengthen the understanding of phenylpropanoid metabolism and pigmentation in green and brown cotton fibers, and may improve the breeding of naturally-colored cottons.

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