scholarly journals The Restoration of Vitamin D Levels Slows the Progression of Renal Ischemic Injury in Rats Previously Deficient in Vitamin D

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Santiago dos Santos ◽  
Daniele Canale ◽  
Desiree Rita Denelle Bernardo ◽  
Maria Heloisa Massola Shimizu ◽  
Antonio Carlos Seguro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Renal Disease Progression ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a global public health problem. The initial damage after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) and predisposition to CKD. Several studies have been showing that nontraditional risk factors such as AKI and hypovitaminosis D could also be involved in CKD progression. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is associated with hemodynamic changes, activation of inflammatory pathways and renal disease progression (RDP) following I/R-AKI. Strategies for prevention and/or slowing RDP have been determined and the sufficiency of vitamin D has been emerging as a renoprotective factor in many diseases. Therefore, we investigated the effect of the restoration of vitamin D levels in the progression of I/R injury (IRI) in rats previously deficient in vitamin D. On day 30, male Wistar rats were submitted to bilateral 45 min IRI and divided into three groups: IRI, standard diet for 120 days; VDD+IRI, vitamin D-free diet for 120 days; and VDD+IRI+R, vitamin D-free diet in the first 30 days and just after I/R, we reintroduced the standard diet in the last 90 days. After the 120-day protocol, VDD+IRI+R rats presented an improvement in the renal function and renal protein handling followed by a smaller fractional interstitial area. Furthermore, those animals exhibited a reestablishment regarding the hemodynamic parameters and plasma levels of aldosterone, urea and PTH. In addition, the restoration of vitamin D levels reestablished the amount of MCP1 and the renal expressions of CD68+ and CD3+ cells in the VDD+IRI+R rats. Also, VDD+IRI+R rats showed a restoration regarding the amount of collagen type III and renal expressions of fibronectin, vimentin and α-SMA. Such changes were also accompanied by a reestablishment on the renal expression of VDR, Klotho, JG12, and TGF-β1. Our findings indicate that the restoration of vitamin D levels not only improved the renal function and hemodynamics but also reduced the inflammation and fibrosis lesions observed in I/R-AKI associated with VDD. Thus, monitoring of vitamin D status as well as its replacement in the early stages of kidney injury may be a therapeutic alternative in the mitigation of renal disease progression.

P0722VITAMIN D-DEFICIENT RATS RECOVER RENAL ALTERATIONS AFTER VITAMIN D REPLACEMENT FOLLOWING ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos Seguro ◽  
Michele S Santos ◽  
Desiree Rita Denelle Bernardo ◽  
Daniele Canale ◽  
Maria Heloisa Massola Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Abstract Background and Aims Several studies have been linking vitamin D deficiency (VDD) as a non-traditional risk factor to acute kidney injury (AKI). It has been shown that VDD associated with AKI potentiates the injury and may accelerate the progression of kidney disease. Conversely, some lines of evidence have been describing that vitamin D sufficiency can be considered as a renal protective factor. Thus, we aimed to verify the effect of vitamin D replacement (R) on the renal disease progression post ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in vitamin D deficient rats. Method We performed bilateral 45 min IRI on day 30 in all animal groups. Male Wistar rats were randomized into three groups: 1- IRI (fed a standard diet for 120 days); 2- VDD+IRI (fed a vitamin D-free diet for 120 days); and 3- VDD+IRI+R (fed a vitamin D-free diet for 30 days and just after IRI, on day 31, we reintroduced the standard diet for more 90 days). We evaluated inulin clearance (Cin); mean arterial pressure (MAP); renal blood flow (RBF); plasma levels of Vitamin D2+D3 [25(OH)D] and Parathormone (PTH) by ELISA. In addition, we performed histomorphometrical studies for CD3+ cells, fibronectin and vimentin as well as the fractional interstitial area (FIA). Moreover, we run qPCR studies and immunoblotted for vitamin D receptor (VDR) and Klotho. All the results are described in table 1. Results Vitamin D replacement restored the plasma levels of 25(OH)D and PTH in VDD+IRI+R group. Also, VDD+IRI+R presented an improvement of renal function and hemodynamic parameters. In addition, we observed more evident alterations in tubulointerstitial compartment, featuring interstitial expansion (renal fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltrates) and fibronectin and vimentin expression in VDD+IRI rats. These alterations were recovered by vitamin D replacement. Concerning VDR and Klotho data, our results revealed a decreased expression of these targets in VDD+IRI group. On the other hand, vitamin D replacement retrieved the expression of VDR and Klotho. Conclusion Our study suggests that vitamin D replacement improved the recovery of renal function, hemodynamics, inflammatory and morphological alterations. In addition, vitamin D replacement was able to reestablish the expression of VDR and Klotho in IRI-AKI associated with vitamin D deficiency. Thus, it is recommendable that vitamin D levels should be observed as well as its reposition should be taken into account in renal patients.

scholarly journals Estimation of Endothelin-1 and Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Some Renal disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ihsan Maher Abdul Amir ◽  
Moafaq Mutlak Zeidan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Chronic renal disease is a worldwide public health problem with an increasing incidence, prevalence, poor outcomes, and high cost. A cross-sectional study was carried out in balad city from 10th of November 2018 to 15th of March 2019. The number of patients under  study were 60 patients with renal disease (30 acute renal disease and 30 chronic renal disease under hemodialysis). Their ages were between (20-75) years. Patients with acute renal disease were admitted to Balad general hospital and patients with chronic renal disease who admitted to Salahaddin general hospital for hemodialysis. The study included 30 apparently healthy subject as control group. The results showed that the highest mean level of endothelin-1 was found in patients with chronic renal disease (13.15±7.81)pg/ml followed by patients with acute renal disease (1.78±1.49) pg/ml compared with  the control group (0.41±0.31) pg/ml. These result were significant higher (P< 0.01). The results  showed that the lowest mean level of vitamin D was found in patients with chronic renal disease (14.45±5.92) ng/ml followed by patients with acute renal disease (23.49±13.14) ng/ml compared with the control group (24.02 ±8.22) ng/ml. The results were significant higher than control (P≤0.01). The study showed that patients with acute renal disease were distributed equally to male and female (1:1) while 56.67% of patients with chronic renal disease were males. The conclute from this study that the endothelin elevated in chronic renal disease patients and vitamin D was reduced.    http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.121

Effect of Urate-lowering Therapies on Renal Disease Progression in Patients with Hyperuricemia

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald D. Levy ◽  
Nazia Rashid ◽  
Fang Niu ◽  
T. Craig Cheetham
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Renal Disease Progression ◽  
Renal Function Decline ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Final Cohort

Objective.To evaluate the association between hyperuricemia and renal disease progression in a real-world, large observational database study.Methods.We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study identifying 111,992 patients with hyperuricemia (> 7 mg/dl) from a large medical group. The final cohort were ≥ 18 years old, urate-lowering therapy (ULT)-naïve, and had the following laboratory results available: at least 1 glomerular filtration rate (GFR) level before the index date and at least 1 serum uric acid (sUA) level and GFR in the followup 36-month period. The cohort was categorized into 3 groups: never treated (NoTx), ULT time receiving therapy of < 80% (< 80%), and ULT time receiving therapy of ≥ 80% (≥ 80%). Outcomes were defined as a ≥ 30% reduction in GFR from baseline, dialysis, or GFR of ≤ 15 ml/min. A subanalysis of patients with sUA < 6 mg/dl at study conclusion was performed. Cox proportional hazards regression model determined factors associated with renal function decline.Results.A total of 16,186 patients met inclusion criteria. There were 11,192 NoTx patients, 3902 with < 80% time receiving ULT, and 1092 with ≥ 80% time receiving ULT. Factors associated with renal disease progression were age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, hospitalizations, rheumatoid arthritis, and higher sUA at baseline. Time receiving therapy was not associated with renal outcomes. Patients who achieved sUA < 6 mg/dl had a 37% reduction in outcome events (p < 0.0001; HR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.5–0.78).Conclusion.Hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for renal function decline. Patients treated with ULT who achieved sUA < 6 mg/dl on ULT showed a 37% reduction in outcome events.

Association of Vitamin D Status With Liver and Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials, and Cross-Sectional and Cohort Studies

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mostafa Parizadeh ◽  
Majid Rezayi ◽  
Reza Jafarzadeh-Esfehani ◽  
Amir Avan ◽  
Hamideh Ghazizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Abstract. Background: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a major public health problem. There are few comprehensive systematic reviews about the relationship between Vitamin D status and liver and renal disease in Iran. Methods: We systemically searched the following databases: Web of Science; PubMed; Cochrane Library; Scopus; Science Direct; Google Scholar and two Iranian databases (Scientific Information Database (SID) and IranMedex) up until November 2017 to identify all randomized control trials (RCTs), case control, cross-sectional and cohort studies investigating the association between vitamin D and any form of liver or kidney disease. Results: Vitamin D insufficiency, or deficiency (VDD), is highly prevalent in Iran, reports varying between 44.4% in Isfahan to 98% in Gorgan. There is also a high prevalence of VDD among patients with liver or kidney disease, and the administration of vitamin D supplements may have beneficial effects on lipid profile, blood glucose, liver function and fatty liver disease, and bone health. Low serum vitamin D levels are related with abnormalities in these laboratory and clinical parameters. Conclusion: VDD is prevalent in patients with chronic liver or renal disease in Iran. There appear to be several beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D deficient patients with liver or kidney disease.

The Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Iran: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1015-1027
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bagherniya ◽  
Zahra Khorasanchi ◽  
Mina S. Bidokhti ◽  
Gordon A. Ferns ◽  
Mitra Rezaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a common medical condition worldwide. In Iran, it has been reported that between 30-90% of people have vitamin D deficiency. However, its distribution in different parts of the country and among different age and regional groups is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the recent literature on vitamin D deficiency in Iran. Methods: The literature review was performed using Web of Science, PubMed-Medline, Scopus and Scientific Information Database (SID) with a cut-off date of November 2016 to identify articles on vitamin D status in Iran published in the last 10 years. Studies in English and Persian that reported vitamin D levels in male and female subjects of all age groups and in healthy populations were included. Results: From 325 studies that were initially retrieved, 82 articles met the inclusion criteria. A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was reported, and in some regions, this was reported as >90% and was found in all age groups and in all regions of Iran. Conclusion: This review highlights the very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Iran. It will be important to recognize the importance of vitamin D deficiency as a major public health problem in Iran.

scholarly journals The Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy Is an Independent Factor for the Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Shi-Chue Hsing ◽  
Chia-Cheng Lee ◽  
Chin Lin ◽  
Jiann-Torng Chen ◽  
Yi-Hao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Renal Disease Progression ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

(1) Background: It has rarely been studied whether the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) could influence renal disease progression in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate renal disease progression in ESRD and CKD according to DR severity in patients with type 2 diabetes. (2) Methods: We included 1329 patients and divided the cohort into two end-points. The first was to trace the incidence of ESRD in all enrolled participants and the other was to follow their progression to CKD. (3) Results: Significantly higher crude hazard ratios (HRs) of ESRD incidence in all enrolled participants were noted, and this ratio increased in a stepwise fashion. However, after adjustment, DR severity was not associated with ESRD events. Therefore, a subgroup of 841 patients without CKD was enrolled to track their progression to CKD. Compared with no diabetic retinopathy, the progression of CKD increased in a stepwise fashion, from mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) to moderate NPDR, to severe NPDR and to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), both in the crude and adjusted models. (4) Conclusions: The severity of retinopathy appeared to be associated with renal lesions and the development of CKD. Our findings suggest that the severity of DR is a risk factor for progression to CKD. Therefore, diabetic retinopathy is useful for prognosticating the clinical course of diabetic kidney disease.

scholarly journals Restoration of Vitamin D Levels Improves Endothelial Function and Increases TASK-Like K+ Currents in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 795
Author(s):  
Maria Callejo ◽  
Daniel Morales-Cano ◽  
Gema Mondejar-Parreño ◽  
Bianca Barreira ◽  
Sergio Esquivel-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
K Currents

Background: Vitamin D (vitD) deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Moreover, PAH-patients with lower levels of vitD have worse prognosis. We hypothesize that recovering optimal levels of vitD in an animal model of PAH previously depleted of vitD improves the hemodynamics, the endothelial dysfunction and the ionic remodeling. Methods: Male Wistar rats were fed a vitD-free diet for five weeks and then received a single dose of Su5416 (20 mg/Kg) and were exposed to vitD-free diet and chronic hypoxia (10% O2) for three weeks to induce PAH. Following this, vitD deficient rats with PAH were housed in room air and randomly divided into two groups: (a) continued on vitD-free diet or (b) received an oral dose of 100,000 IU/Kg of vitD plus standard diet for three weeks. Hemodynamics, pulmonary vascular remodeling, pulmonary arterial contractility, and K+ currents were analyzed. Results: Recovering optimal levels of vitD improved endothelial function, measured by an increase in the endothelium-dependent vasodilator response to acetylcholine. It also increased the activity of TASK-1 potassium channels. However, vitD supplementation did not reduce pulmonary pressure and did not ameliorate pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricle hypertrophy. Conclusions: Altogether, these data suggest that in animals with PAH and severe deficit of vitD, restoring vitD levels to an optimal range partially improves some pathophysiological features of PAH.

High urinary sulfate concentration is associated with reduced risk of renal disease progression in type 2 diabetes

Nitric Oxide ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 55-56 ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joost C. van den Born ◽  
Anne-Roos S. Frenay ◽  
Stephan J.L. Bakker ◽  
Andreas Pasch ◽  
Jan-Luuk Hillebrands ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Sulfate Concentration ◽  
Renal Disease Progression ◽  
Reduced Risk
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