scholarly journals Control of Streptomyces alfalfae XY25T Over Clubroot Disease and Its Effect on Rhizosphere Microbial Community in Chinese Cabbage Field Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanliang Hu ◽  
Lu Qiu ◽  
Zongjie Zhang ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
Xian Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbial Community

Clubroot caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is one of the most destructive diseases in cruciferous crops. Streptomyces alfalfae XY25T, a biological control agent, exhibited great ability to relieve clubroot disease, regulate rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities in Chinese cabbage, and promote its growth in greenhouse. Therefore, field experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of S. alfalfae XY25T on clubroot and rhizosphere microbial community in Chinese cabbage. Results showed that the control efficiency of clubroot by S. alfalfae XY25T was 69.4%. Applying the agent can alleviate soil acidification; increase the contents of soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium; and enhance activities of invertase, urease, catalase, and alkaline phosphatase. During Chinese cabbage growth, bacterial diversity decreased first and then increased, and fungal diversity decreased gradually after inoculation with S. alfalfae XY25T. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that the main bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, and Planctomycetes, and the major fungal phyla were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota in rhizosphere soil. The dominant bacterial genera were Flavobacterium, Candidatus, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Sphingomonas, Flavisolibacter, and Gemmatimonbacteria with no significant difference in abundance, and the major fungal genera were Monographella, Aspergillus, Hypocreales, Chytridiaceae, Fusarium, Pleosporales, Agaricales, Mortierella, and Pleosporales. The significant differences were observed among Pleosporales, Basidiomycota, Colletotrichum, two strains attributed to Agaricales, and another two unidentified fungi by using S. alfalfae XY25T. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR results indicated that P. brassicae content was significantly decreased after the agent inoculation. In conclusion, S. alfalfae XY25T can affect rhizosphere microbial communities; therefore, applying the agent is an effective approach to reduce the damage caused by clubroot.

scholarly journals Bacterial Composition and Diversity Associated with Rhizosphere of the Chinese Medicinal Herb Dendrobium

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingdan Yuan ◽  
Mengting Zu ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Xiaomei Song
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Environmental Factor ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Rhizosphere Microorganisms ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbial Community

Abstract Background: Dendrobium is a precious herbal belongs to Orchid and widely used as health care traditional Chinese medicine in Asia. Although orchids are mycorrhizal plants, most researches still focus on endophytes, and there is still large unknown in rhizosphere microorganisms. In order to investigate the rhizosphere microbial community of different Dendrobium species during the maturity stage, we used high-throughput sequencing to analyze microbial community in rhizosphere soil during maturity stage of three kinds of Dendrobium species.Results: In our study, a total of 240,320 sequences and 11,179 OTUs were obtained from these three Dendrobium species. According to the analysis of OTU annotation results, different Dendrobium rhizosphere soil bacteria include 2 kingdoms, 63 phyla, 72 classes, 159 orders, 309 families, 850 genera and 663 species. Among all sequences, the dominant bacterial phyla (relative abundance > 1%) were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes. We analyzed the environmental factors of the growth of Dendrobium and found that the environmental factor that affects the rhizosphere soil microorganisms of Dendrobium is the soil factor. Among them, soil factors most closely related to the influence of Dendrobium rhizosphere soil microorganisms include total nitrogen, available phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen and pH value.Conclusions: We found that the rhizosphere bacterial communities of the three kinds of Dendrobium have significant differences, and the main species of rhizosphere microorganisms of Dendrobium are concentrated in the Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes. Moreover, the smaller the level of bacterial, the greater the difference among Dendrobium species. Soil is the most important environmental factor affecting the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of Dendrobium. These results fill the gap in the rhizosphere microbial community of Dendrobium and provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent mining of microbial functions and the study of biological fertilizers.

scholarly journals Trichoderma harzianum Inoculation Reduces the Incidence of Clubroot Disease in Chinese Cabbage by Regulating the Rhizosphere Microbial Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1325
Author(s):  
Junhui Li ◽  
Joshua Philp ◽  
Jishun Li ◽  
Yanli Wei ◽  
Hongmei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbial Community

Clubroot is a disease of cruciferous crops that causes significant economic losses to vegetable production worldwide. We applied high-throughput amplicon sequencing technology to quantify the effect of Trichodermaharzianum LTR-2 inoculation on the rhizosphere community of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis cv. Jiaozhou) in a commercial production area. T. harzianum inoculation of cabbage reduced the incidence of clubroot disease by 45.4% (p < 0.05). The disease control efficacy (PDIDS) was 63%. This reduction in disease incidence and severity coincided with a drastic reduction in both the relative abundance of Plasmodiaphora brassicae, the causative pathogen of cabbage clubroot disease, and its copy number in rhizosphere soil. Pathogenic fungi Alternaria and Fusarium were also negatively associated with Trichoderma inoculation according to co-occurrence network analysis. Inoculation drastically reduced the relative abundance of the dominant bacterial genera Delftia and Pseudomonas, whilst increasing others including Bacillus. Our results demonstrate that T. harzianum LTR-2 is an effective biological control agent for cabbage clubroot, which acts through modulation of the soil and rhizosphere microbial community.

scholarly journals The Effect of Salt-Tolerant Antagonistic Bacteria CZ-6 on the Rhizosphere Microbial Community of Winter Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. “Dongzao”) in Saline-Alkali Land

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
YanYan Zhou ◽  
LiPing Hao ◽  
Chao Ji ◽  
QiSheng Zhou ◽  
Xin Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Antagonistic Bacteria ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbial Community

As the main economic crop cultivated in the Yellow River Delta, winter jujube contains various nutrients. However, soil salinization and fungal diseases have affected the yield and quality of winter jujube. In order to use plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to reduce these damages, the antagonistic bacteria CZ-6 isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat in saline soil was selected for experiment. Gene sequencing analysis identified CZ-6 as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. In order to understand the salt tolerant and disease-resistant effects of CZ-6 strain, determination of related indicators of salt tolerance, pathogen antagonistic tests, and anti-fungal mechanism analyses was carried out. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of CZ-6 inoculation on the rhizosphere microbial community of winter jujube. The salt tolerance test showed that CZ-6 strain can survive in a medium with a NaCl concentration of 10% and produces indole acetic acid (IAA) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase. Studies on the inhibition mechanism of pathogenic fungi show that CZ-6 can secrete cellulase, protease, and xylanase. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that CZ-6 can release volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including 2-heptanone and 2-nonanone. In addition, the strain can colonize the rhizosphere and migrate to the roots, stems, and leaves of winter jujube, which is essential for plant growth or defense against pathogens. Illumina MiSeq sequencing data indicated that, compared to the control, the abundance of salt-tolerant bacteria Tausonia in the CZ-6 strain treatment group was significantly increased, while the richness of Chaetomium and Gibberella pathogens was significantly reduced. Our research shows that CZ-6 has the potential as a biological control agent in saline soil. Plant damage and economic losses caused by pathogenic fungi and salt stress are expected to be alleviated by the addition of salt-tolerant antagonistic bacteria.

scholarly journals USING γ RAY-INDUCED SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON CONTROL OF CLUBROOT DISEASE OF CHINESE CABBAGE CAUSED BY PLASMODIOPHORA BRASSICAE

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-683
Author(s):  
Le Thi Anh Tu ◽  
Pham Thi Le Ha
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Significant Difference

Plasmodiophora brassicae- the casual cause of clubroot disease of plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae. This soil-borne fungus infects plants through root hairs. Diseased roots become swollen and deformed. Thus, it’s difficult for plants to absorb water and nutrients. There are some methods used to control this disease including soil fumigation, soil pH control, fungicides, surfactants applications, calcium supplementation, but the results are still restricted. Plasmodiophora brassicae was isolated, identified and artificial inoculated on the Chinese cabbage. The rate of root hair infection and gall formation depended on the spore density and growth media. The increase of the pathogen density lead to the increase of disease symptoms. Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) are widely used as an agent for antifungal treatment. The antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticles varies on the size, shape, and the function of the surface area. The γ - irradiation method to synthesize SNPs is known as a method that can be controlled the out coming sizes, shapes and size distribution of particles. The average diameter of silver nanoparticles in this research was 9.5nm. In the liquid culture and soil, SNPs exhibited a controlling effect on P. brassicae. The fungicide activity depended on the SNP concentrations and the medium; no disease symptoms were found at the SNP concentrations of 1.06 ppm in the liquid culture, and 10 and 20 ppm in soil. Results of the study also showed that the biomass and height of infected plants were much lower than those of the healthy plants. Comparing to the plants that were grown in the sterilized soil, there was not significant difference between the biomass and the height of plants exposed to pathogen and treated with SNPs.

scholarly journals Temporal dynamics of bacterial and fungal communities during the infection of Brassica rapa roots by the protist Plasmodiophora brassicae: The impact of a pathogen on the plant root and rhizosphere microbiota

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Lebreton ◽  
Anne-Yvonne Guillerm-Erckelboudt ◽  
Kévin Gazengel ◽  
Juliette Linglin ◽  
Morgane Ourry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Root Microbiota

AbstractThe temporal dynamics of rhizosphere and root microbiota composition was compared between healthy and infected Chinese cabbage plants by the pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae. When inoculated with P. brassicae, disease was measured at five sampling dates from early root hair infection to late gall development. The first symptoms of clubroot disease appeared 14 days after inoculation (DAI) and increased drastically between 14 and 35 DAI. The structure of microbial communities associated to rhizosphere soil and root from healthy and inoculated plants was characterized through high-throughput DNA sequencing of bacterial (16S) and fungal (18S) molecular markers and compared at each sampling date. In healthy plants, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes bacterial phyla dominated the rhizosphere and root microbiota of Chinese cabbage. Rhizosphere bacterial communities contained higher abundances of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes compared to the roots. Moreover, a drastic shift of fungal communities of healthy plants occurred between the two last sampling dates, especially in plant roots, where most of Ascomycota fungi dominated until they were replaced by a fungus assigned to the Chytridiomycota phylum. Parasitic invasion by P. brassicae disrupted the rhizosphere and root-associated community assembly at a late step during the root secondary cortical infection stage of clubroot disease. At this stage, Flavisolibacter and Streptomyces in the rhizosphere, and Bacillus in the roots, were drastically less abundant upon parasite invasion. Rhizosphere of plants colonized by P. brassicae was significantly more invaded by the Chytridiomycota fungus, which could reflect a mutualistic relationship in this compartment between these two microorganisms.

scholarly journals Spring-summer sowing of winter rye on dry lands

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Mitrofanov ◽  
L. V. Pugacheva ◽  
O. N. Antsiferova ◽  
N. A. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fallow Field

Relevance. The article is devoted to the actual problem of the spring-summer seeding of winter rye on drained lands.Methods and results. The studies were carried out in 2017–2020 at the experimental site of VNIIMZ (Tver region), drained by a closed drain. The soil of the experimental site is sod-podzolic light loamy gleyic slightly acidic, the content of humus is 1.8–2.4%, exchangeable potassium and available phosphorus content is increased and high. In field experiments, the effectiveness of spring-summer sowing dates for winter rye in a fallow field of crop rotation was studied with a ridge belt-spread cultivation method. It has been established that under the conditions of the north-west of the Non-Chernozem zone winter rye with its spring-summer sowing can form practically the same yields as with the standard cultivation technology. On average over 4 years the biological yield of rye grain when grown after spring rape was 3.69 t/ha, and with spring-summer sowing in a fallow field and harvesting the next year — 3.70 t/ha. The leveling of the variants in terms of yield with a significant difference between them in the plant density occurred due to productive tillering. The coefficient of productive bushiness in the control was 1.4, and with spring-summer sowing — 2.3. Differences between the variants in the number of productive stems, the number of grains per ear, and the weight of 1000 grains on average over 4 years were insignificant. High efficiency of harrowing of spring-summer crops of rye was noted both in the sowing year (late August — early September) and in spring after overwintering. The preservation of plants improved, the number of productive stems increased by 14.3%, and the biological productivity of rye increased by 18.4%. The technology of cultivation of winter rye with spring-summer sowing can significantly reduce the amount of field work in the fallow field, eliminate the costs of plowing, cultivation, sowing, rapeseed, and reduce the total production costs for maintaining 1 hectare of a fallow field by 7–10 thousand rubles.

scholarly journals The Damage Caused by Decline Disease in Bayberry Plants through Changes in Soil Properties, Rhizosphere Microbial Community Structure and Metabolites

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2083
Author(s):  
Haiying Ren ◽  
Hongyan Wang ◽  
Xingjiang Qi ◽  
Zheping Yu ◽  
Xiliang Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Decline Disease

Decline disease causes serious damage and rapid death in bayberry, an important fruit tree in south China, but the cause of this disease remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate soil quality, microbial community structure and metabolites of rhizosphere soil samples from healthy and diseased trees. The results revealed a significant difference between healthy and diseased bayberry in soil properties, microbial community structure and metabolites. Indeed, the decline disease caused a 78.24% and 78.98% increase in Rhizomicrobium and Cladophialophora, but a 28.60%, 57.18%, 38.84% and 68.25% reduction in Acidothermus, Mortierella, Trichoderma and Geminibasidium, respectively, compared with healthy trees, based on 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing of soil microflora. Furthermore, redundancy discriminant analysis of microbial communities and soil properties indicated that the main variables of bacterial and fungal communities included pH, organic matter, magnesium, available phosphorus, nitrogen and calcium, which exhibited a greater influence in bacterial communities than in fungal communities. In addition, there was a high correlation between the changes in microbial community structure and secondary metabolites. Indeed, GC–MS metabolomics analysis showed that the healthy and diseased samples differed over six metabolic pathways, including thiamine metabolism, phenylalanine–tyrosine–tryptophan biosynthesis, valine–leucine–isoleucine biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolism, where the diseased samples showed a 234.67% and 1007.80% increase in palatinitol and cytidine, respectively, and a 17.37%–8.74% reduction in the other 40 metabolites compared to the healthy samples. Overall, these results revealed significant changes caused by decline disease in the chemical properties, microbiota and secondary metabolites of the rhizosphere soils, which provide new insights for understanding the cause of this bayberry disease.

scholarly journals The Effect of Spatial Location of Fermentation Pit on Prokaryotic Community Diversity in Pit Mud for Chinese Strong-Flavor Baijiu Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Hu ◽  
Dahong Feng ◽  
Miao Yu ◽  
Sifan Wang ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Physicochemical Factors ◽  
Pit Mud ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dominant Bacteria

Abstract Background Chinese strong-flavor baijiu (CSFB) accounts for more than 70% of all Chinese liquor markets. Diverse microbes in pit mud found in the fermentation pit play a key role in CSFB production. However, the effect of spatial location on the diversity and structure of the microbial community in pit mud is still poorly understood Results Prokaryotic microbes in different pit mud（4- and 40-year）were analyzed by using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. The samples were collected from pit mud that was 4 and 40 years old in the top, middle, and under parts of the cellar walls and at the bottom of them. The results showed there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the physicochemical factors, the Observed OTU, and α-diversity between the pit mud of two different ages. The index of the 4-year-old pit mud was lower (except for total acid, which was higher than) than that of the 40-year-old pit mud. The pH, total acid, Observed OTU, Chao 1, ACE in the 4-year-old pit mud (in the top and middle part of the cellar wall) and the 40-year-old pit mud(in the top part of the cellar wall) had significant (p<0.05) difference. At the phylum level, Firmicutes (56.70%) and Bacteroidetes (26.56%) accounted for more than 80% of the overall level. For the 4-year-old pit mud sample, the dominant genuses at each location were Proteiniphilum, Lactobacillus, and Caproiciproducens, while for the 40-year-old pit mud, there were 10 common genuses accounted for more than 50% of the dominant genuses in different pit mud belong to Clostridia. The RDA analysis results showed that 85.71% of the dominant bacteria positively correlated with pH, and especially the most correlated with the total acid and available phosphorus, so its content was significantly related to the dominant bacteria (p<0.01). Therefore, it inferred that the total acid and available phosphorus were the main physicochemical factors that affected the spatial distribution of prokaryotic microbial communities in the pit mud of cellars from the liquor distillery. Conclusions Comparing the young pit mud and the old pit mud, the structure and physicochemical factors of the prokaryotic microbial community in pit mud from Henan liquor-making company changed, and the changes occurred in the spatial location of different pits. Clostridia, which accounted for more than 50% of all types of pit mud, were responsible for the effect of total acid and available phosphorus on the microbial community. Based on the above, it provides a theoretical basis for Henan liquor-making companies in maintaining pit mud. Keywords: fermentation pit mud; spatial heterogeneity; microbial community; physicochemical factors; Chinese strong-flavor Baijiu.

scholarly journals Composition and diversity of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of the Chinese medicinal herb Dendrobium

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Zuo ◽  
Mengting Zu ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Xiaomei Song ◽  
Yingdan Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Chinese Medicinal Herb ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Rhizosphere Microorganisms ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbial Community

Abstract Background Dendrobium is a precious herbal that belongs to Orchidaceae and is widely used as health care traditional Chinese medicine in Asia. Although orchids are mycorrhizal plants, most research still focuses on endophytes, and there is still large amount unknown about rhizosphere microorganisms. To investigate the rhizosphere microbial community of different Dendrobium species during the maturity stage, we used high-throughput sequencing to analyze microbial community in rhizosphere soil during the maturity stage of three kinds of Dendrobium species. Results In our study, a total of 240,320 sequences and 11,179 OTUs were obtained from these three Dendrobium species. According to the analysis of OTU annotation results, different Dendrobium rhizosphere soil bacteria include 2 kingdoms, 63 phyla, 72 classes, 159 orders, 309 families, 850 genera and 663 species. Among all sequences, the dominant bacterial phyla (relative abundance > 1%) were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi, and Gemmatimonadetes. And through WGCNA analysis, we found the hub flora was also belong to Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Conclusions We found that the rhizosphere bacterial communities of the three kinds of Dendrobium have significant differences, and that the main species of rhizosphere microorganisms of Dendrobium are concentrated in the Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Moreover, the smaller the bacterial level, the greater the difference among Dendrobium species. These results fill knowledge gaps in the rhizosphere microbial community of Dendrobium and provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent mining of microbial functions and the study of biological fertilizers.

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