scholarly journals MicroRNA Expression and Intestinal Permeability in Children Living in a Slum Area of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humaira Rashid ◽  
Towfida J. Siddiqua ◽  
Biplob Hossain ◽  
Abdullah Siddique ◽  
Mamun Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Taqman Array

Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Changes in miRNA expression have been reported in a number of intestinal diseases, in both tissue samples and readily accessible specimens like stools. Pathogenic infections, diet, toxins, and other environmental factors are believed to influence miRNA expression. However, modulation of miRNAs in humans is yet to be thoroughly investigated. In this study, we examined the expression levels of two human miRNAs (miRNA-122 and miRNA-21) in stool samples of a group of Bangladeshi children who had an altered/increased intestinal permeability (IIP).Methods: Stool samples were collected from children with IIP (L:M > 0.09) and normal intestinal permeability (NIP) (L:M ≤ 0.09). Quantitative PCR was performed to quantify the levels of miRNA-122 and miR-21 in stools. Commercial ELISA kits were used to measure gut inflammatory markers Calprotectin and REG1B. Serum samples were tested using Human Bio-Plex Pro Assays to quantify IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. Total nucleic acid extracted from stool specimens were used to determine gut pathogens using TaqMan Array Card (TAC) system real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results: The expression levels of miRNA-122 (fold change 11.6; p < 0.001, 95% CI: 6.14–11.01) and miR-21 (fold change 10; p < 0.001, 95% CI: 5.05–10.78) in stool were upregulated in children with IIP than in children with normal intestinal permeability (NIP). Significant correlations were observed between stool levels of miR-122 and miR-21 and the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α (p < 0.05). Children with IIP were frequently infected with rotavirus, Campylobacter jejuni, Bacteroides fragilis, adenovirus, norovirus, astrovirus, and various Escherichia coli strains (ETEC_STh, ETEC_STp, EAEC_aaiC, EAEC_aatA) (p < 0.001). miR-122 significantly correlated with the fecal inflammatory biomarkers REG1B (p = 0.015) and Calprotectin (p = 0.030), however miR-21 did not show any correlation with these fecal biomarkers.

The correlation between immune status of patients and their prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e23192-e23192
Author(s):  
Xiao Ding ◽  
Jiuwei Cui ◽  
Xu Yan ◽  
Chao Niu ◽  
Huimin Tian
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Mhc I ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Surface Molecules ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Nsclc Patients

e23192 Background: In order to investigate the association of immune status with the prognosis in patients with lung cancer and to screen the potential prognostic markers, the immune status including the expression levels of tumor surface molecules, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and cytokines, sMICA and sMICB in serum were detected in this study. Methods: Tissue and serum samples of 125 patients with NSCLC were obtained from the First Hospital of Jilin Universtiy. 50 serum samples of healthy volunteers were obtained as controls. Surface molecules of cancer cell, such as MHC-I, PD-L1, MICA/B and CD8+ TIL were detected with immunohistochemistry. Cytokines such as IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α levels in serum were detected with Luminex. sMICA and sMICB levels were examined by ELISA. The association between their expression levels and patients’ prognosis was analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software. Results: MHC-I was down-expressed, PD-L1 and MICA/B were up-regulated in NSCLC. CD8+ TIL could be seen in tumor stroma and nest. In univariate analysis, we found that patients with down-expression of MHC-I and up-regulation of PD-L1 had a poor prognosis (P < 0.05). MICA/B expression had no correlation with patients’ prognosis (P > 0.05). Patients with more stromal CD8+ TIL might have better prognosis. In multivariate analysis, we found that MHC-I and stromal CD8+ TIL might be independent prognostic factors in NSCLC (P < 0.05). TNF-α and IFN-γ were significantly decreased, IL-6 was increased in NSCLC patients (P < 0.05). There were no connections between the cytokines levels with patients’ prognosis (P > 0.05). Serum sMICA was significantly higher in NSCLC patients than healthy controls (P < 0.05). sMICB tented to be elevated in NSCLC compared with health controls, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). High sMICA expression had an association with poor prognosis (P < 0.05). There was no connection between the sMICB level with patients’ prognosis (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The immune status of patients with NSCLC had a close association with their prognosis in this study. It worths further study to confirm the clinical value of MHC-I expression, stromal CD8+ TIL and serum sMICA as prognostic marker in the patients with NSCLC.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Cytokine mRNA Expressions in Human Tissues With Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Bae Park ◽  
Heechul Park ◽  
Yoon-Sung Choi ◽  
Ji Young Park ◽  
Dongsup Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Immune Markers ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ffpe Tissues ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Abstract Background: One of the widely used diagnostic methods for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection is the acid-fast bacilli staining of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues; however, this method cannot discriminate between MTB and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species. Moreover, confirming tuberculosis (TB) using FFPE tissue specimens may be difficult owing to their low bacterial load. In addition, interference in molecular diagnostic assays, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), may occur owing to fragmentation and genomic DNA cross-linkage in FFPE tissues formed during formalin fixation or paraffin-embedding procedures. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether an automated molecular diagnostic method based on PCR-reverse blot hybridization assay can discriminate between human MTB-positive and -negative FFPE tissues and to compare the relative mRNA expression levels of various host immune markers between MTB-infected and uninfected human tissues using quantitative reverse transcription (qRT) PCR. A total of 52 human FFPE tissue samples from various regions of the body, including the lungs, lymph nodes, tendons, colon, and appendix, were collected and used for the molecular identification of Mycobacterium species and analysis of cytokine mRNA expression. Results: IFN-γ, TNF-α, IP-10, CXCL9, CXCL11, and GM-CSF mRNA expression levels in MTB-infected tissues were significantly higher than those in uninfected samples. Additionally, the differences in the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ, CXCL9, and GM-CSF between MTB-infected and uninfected tissues were statistically significant were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Correlation curve analysis indicated that the mRNA expression of IFN-γ was inversely proportional to that of IP-10 and that the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, CXCL9, CXCL11, GM-CSF, and TNFR were proportional and well-correlated. Furthermore, to establish marker profiles for detecting MTB infection, the statistically significant expression levels of three markers were combined. We confirmed that the combined profile of IFN-γ, CXCL9, and GM-CSF expression levels was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Although the mRNA expression patterns of host immune markers may vary according to MTB infection status, these patterns may be highly correlated and can be simultaneously used as an additional indicator for diagnosing TB in human tissue samples.

scholarly journals Correlations of Expression Levels of a Panel of Genes (IRF5, STAT4, TNFSF4, MECP2, and TLR7) and Cytokine Levels (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Outcomes in Jordanian Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal H. Uzrail ◽  
Areej M. Assaf ◽  
Shtaywy S. Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Cardiovascular Damage ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Ifn Γ

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by systemic end-organ damage. We investigated the involvement of IRF5, TLR-7, MECP2, STAT4, and TNFSF4 genes and TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12, IL-6, and IL-10 cytokines in SLE pathogenesis and in organ damage in Jordanian patients. Blood was collected from 51 patients and 50 controls. Expression levels of SLE genes in PBMCs and cytokine levels were determined using RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Expression levels of all genes and levels of TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6, and IL-10 were higher in SLE patients than those in controls (p<0.05), whereas IL-2 level was lower. High STAT4 (α), TNFSF4, and IL-10 levels correlated with cardiovascular damage, and high MECP2 (α) and TNF-α correlated with renal damage. Pulmonary and musculoskeletal damages correlated with high levels of TNFSF4. We concluded that STAT4 and TNFSF4 genes with TNF-α and IL-10 cytokines could be used as biomarkers to assess SLE activity and manage treatment.

scholarly journals Polymicrobial Infection with Periodontal Pathogens Specifically Enhances MicroRNA miR-146a in ApoE−/−Mice during Experimental Periodontal Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 1597-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md A. Nahid ◽  
Mercedes Rivera ◽  
Alexandra Lucas ◽  
Edward K. L. Chan ◽  
L. Kesavalu
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Polymicrobial Infection ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Live Bacteria

ABSTRACTPorphyromonas gingivalis,Treponema denticola, andTannerella forsythiaare periodontal pathogens associated with the etiology of adult periodontitis as polymicrobial infections. Recent studies demonstrated that oral infection withP. gingivalisinduces both periodontal disease and atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic and proatherogenic ApoE−/−mice. In this study, we explored the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in maxillas (periodontium) and spleens isolated from ApoE−/−mice infected withP. gingivalis,T. denticola, andT. forsythiaas a polymicrobial infection. miRNA expression levels, including miRNA miR-146a, and associated mRNA expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were measured in the maxillas and spleens from mice infected with periodontal pathogens and compared to those in the maxillas and spleens from sham-infected controls. Furthermore, in response to these periodontal pathogens (as mono- and polymicrobial heat-killed and live bacteria), human THP-1 monocytes demonstrated similar miRNA expression patterns, including that of miR-146a,in vitro. Strikingly, miR-146a had a negative correlation with TNF-α secretionin vitro, reducing levels of the adaptor kinases IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK-1) and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). Thus, our studies revealed a persistent association of miR-146a expression with these periodontal pathogens, suggesting that miR-146a may directly or indirectly modulate or alter the chronic periodontal pathology induced by these microorganisms.

Increased Expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in Mononuclear Cells in Patient with Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 3847-3847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunfeng Cheng ◽  
Shanhua Zou ◽  
Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Abstract Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by platelet destruction resulting from autoantibodies against self-antigens and T-cell mediated cytotoxicity. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors important in mediating the immune response and their activation can lead to production of cytokines. Recent data suggest that TLR2 and TLR4 are crucial for the production of inflammatory cytokines and play central role in autoimmune diseases, yet little is known about their roles in ITP. Here we examined the gene expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 in ITP patients. We hypothesize that significant differences will exist between pre-treatment and post-treatment in ITP patients with similar changes reflected in the plasma concentration of cytokines. Total RNA was extracted from mononuclear cells obtained from 12 ITP patients and 15 healthy subjects. TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression levels were analyzed using a quantitative real-time PCR method and their protein expressions were validated by western blot. Plasma concentrations of cytokines IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α were measured by ELISA. Correlation analyses were carried out between the mRNA expression levels of TLR2 or TLR4 and the plasma levels of IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α. The gene expression of TLR2 and TLR4 were significantly increased in ITP patients comparing to healthy control group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). In addition their mRNA expression levels were decreased back into normal range after remission in 8 patients (p > 0.05, compared to healthy control group). Significantly positive correlations were found between the TLR2 mRNA expression level and the plasma concentration of IFN-γ or TNF-α (R = 0.75, p < 0.05; R = 0.83, p < 0.05, respectively). Changes in the gene expression of TLR4 and in the plasma concentration of IFN-γ or TNF-α were also significantly correlated (R = 0.82, p < 0.05; R = 0.88, p < 0.05, respectively). Directional changes in TLR2 / TLR4 and IFN-γ /TNF-α expression were concordant. However, there was no correlation found between TLR2 / TLR4 and IL-2. Differences in TLR2 and TLR4 expression strongly correlated with changes in IFN-γ and TNF-α suggest that the increased gene expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 in ITP patients may contribute to the pathophysiological progression of this disease by increasing the secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α. Additional studies need to be performed to further clarify the role of TLRs -cytokines pathway in ITP.

Inflammatory, cardio-metabolic and diabetic profiling of chronic schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Balõtšev ◽  
K. Koido ◽  
V. Vasar ◽  
S. Janno ◽  
K. Kriisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ

AbstractBackgroundThere is a growing interest in low-grade inflammatory and metabolic alterations in patients with chronic schizophrenia (SCH).MethodsInflammatory (tumor-necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interferon-γ [IFN-γ], interleukins [IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10], monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 [MCP-1]) and growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], epidermal growth factor [EGF]) were measured in blood serum samples of 105 SCH patients and 148 control subjects (CS). Simultaneously the clinical biomarkers (C-reactive protein [CRP], triglycerides [TG], low-density lipoprotein [LDL-c] and high-density lipoprotein [HDL-c] cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c]) were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated for patients.ResultsSeveral cyto-/chemokines (IFN-γ, MCP-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) were significantly (P < 0.0000001) elevated in SCH patients compared to CS. Odds ratios, obtained from logistic regression analyses, were significantly elevated for IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, INF-γ, and decreased for TNF-α in SCH group. Among the patients, higher IL-2, IL-6, INF-γ and lower MCP-1 levels as well as male gender were together significant (P < 0.000001) predictors of higher HbA1c levels, and TG/HDL-c parameter was associated with ratios of INF-γ/IL-10 (P = 0.004), and INF-γ/IL-4 (P = 0.049), HbA1c (P = 0.005), INF-γ (P = 0.009), as well as LDL-c (P = 0.02) levels.ConclusionsIL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ were the most significant SCH-related markers among the measured cytokines in our patient group. Furthermore, significant associations between pro-/anti-inflammatory imbalance and HbA1c as well as cardio-metabolic risk marker (TG/HDL-c) were observed, indicating higher risks of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases among SCH patients.

scholarly journals Th2 cytokine bias induced by silver nanoparticles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Ta Li ◽  
Lei-Ya Wang ◽  
Hui-Wen Chang ◽  
Wei-Cheng Yang ◽  
Chieh Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Mrna Expression Level ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Th2 Cytokine ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Background Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely used in many commercial products due to their excellent antibacterial ability. The AgNPs are released into the environment, gradually accumulate in the ocean, and may affect animals at high trophic levels, such as cetaceans and humans, via the food chain. Hence, the negative health impacts caused by AgNPs in cetaceans are of concern. Cytokines play a major role in the modulation of immune system and can be classified into two types: Th1 and Th2. Th1/Th2 balance can be evaluated by the ratios of their polarizing cytokines (i.e., interferon [IFN]-γ/Interleukin [IL]-4), and animals with imbalanced Th1/Th2 response may become more susceptible to certain kinds of infection. Therefore, the present study evaluated the in vitro cytokine responses of cetacean peripheral blood mononuclear cells (cPBMCs) to 20 nm citrate-AgNPs (C-AgNP20) by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Methods Blood samples were collected from six captive common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). The cPBMCs were isolated and utilized for evaluating the in vitro cytokine responses. The cytokines evaluated included IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The geometric means of two housekeeping genes (HKGs), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and β2-microglobulin (B2M), of each sample were determined and used to normalize the mRNA expression levels of target genes. Results The ratio of late apoptotic/necrotic cells of cPBMCs significantly increased with or without concanavalin A (ConA) stimulation after 24 h of 10 µg/ml C-AgNP20 treatment. At 4 h of culture, the mRNA expression level of IL-10 was significantly decreased with 1 µg/ml C-AgNP20 treatment. At 24 h of culture with 1 µg/ml C-AgNP20, the mRNA expression levels of all cytokines were significantly decreased, with the exceptions of IL-4 and IL-10. The IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio was significantly decreased at 24 h of culture with 1 µg/ml C-AgNP20 treatment, and the IL-12/IL-4 ratio was significantly decreased at 4 or 24 h of culture with 0.1 or 1 µg/ml C-AgNP20 treatment, respectively. Furthermore, the mRNA expression level of TNF-α was significantly decreased by 1 µg/ml C-AgNP20 after 24 h of culture. Discussion The present study demonstrated that the sublethal dose of C-AgNP20 (≤1 µg/ml) had an inhibitory effect on the cytokine mRNA expression levels of cPBMCs with the evidence of Th2 cytokine bias and significantly decreased the mRNA expression level of TNF-α. Th2 cytokine bias is associated with enhanced immunity against parasites but decreased immunity to intracellular microorganisms. TNF-α is a contributing factor for the inflammatory response against the infection of intracellular pathogens. In summary, our data indicate that C-AgNP20 suppresses the cellular immune response and thereby increases the susceptibility of cetaceans to infection by intracellular microorganisms.

Hyperbaric oxygen treatment ameliorates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and expression of kidney injury molecule 1 in the rat model

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Özlem Öztopuz ◽  
◽  
Hakan Türkön ◽  
Müşerref Hilal Şehitoğlu ◽  
Başak Büyük ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Renal Toxicity ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Tnf Α

In recent years, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy has been considered as an effective method for the treatment of gentamicin (GM)-induced renal toxicity. However, the findings related to the use of HBO2 for GM toxicity are limited and contradictory. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective role of HBO2 on GM-induced nephrotoxicity. For this purpose, Wistar albino rats (n=28) were randomly divided into four equal groups: C, HBO2, GM and GM+HBO2. GM (100 mg/kg, ip) and HBO2 were applied over seven days. On the eighth day blood and kidney tissue samples were harvested. The albumin, creatinine, and urea levels were determined from serum samples. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) values were analyzed spectrophotometrically. The relative expression level of TNF-α, IL-1β and Kim-1 gene were determined by qRT-PCR assays; histopathologic investigation was completed in kidney tissue samples. Serum urea, albumin and creatinine levels significantly increased in the GM group compared to the GM+HBO2 group. For antioxidant parameters the GM+HBO2 group was not statistically different from the C group but was significantly different compared with the GM group. TNF-α, IL-1β and Kim-1 gene expression levels in the GM group were statistically increased compared to the GM+HBO2 group (p=0.015, p=0.024, p=0.004) respectively. Severe tubular necrosis, epithelial desquamation and mild peritubular hemorrhage were observed in the GM-administrated group, while HBO2 exposure ameliorated these alterations. In conclusion, HBO2 exposure may be defined as a potential method for the prevention of GM-induced renal toxicity.

scholarly journals Oral administration of Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347 ameliorates gliadin-induced alterations in liver iron mobilisation

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 1828-1836 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Moisés Laparra ◽  
Marta Olivares ◽  
Yolanda Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Liver Iron ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Hb Concentration

Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten intake, causing intestinal inflammation and mucosal damage commonly associated with the malabsorption of nutrients and ferropenic anaemia. The present study evaluates the effects of the oral administration of Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347 on gliadin-mediated alterations in hepatic Fe deposition and Hb concentration, liver transferrin receptor (TfR)-2, IL-6, TNF-α and hepcidin (Hamp) expression (mRNA), and active hepcidin peptide production by liquid chromatography–MS/MS. Weanling rats, sensitised or not with interferon (IFN)-γ, were fed with gliadins and/or the bifidobacterial strain. Gliadin feeding increased hepatic Fe deposition; however, only gliadin-fed sensitised animals showed lower Hb concentrations than the controls. TfR2 expression decreased after gliadins were fed to both sensitised and non-sensitised animals, and restored by the administration of B. longum. These observations were accompanied by increases in IL-6 expression levels in all the treatment groups; however, TNF-α expression only increased significantly in animals fed gliadins alone or together with B. longum if they had previously been sensitised with IFN-γ. Liver expression levels of Hamp diminished in all cases to the lowest values in animals sensitised with IFN-γ after being fed with gliadins and/or bifidobacteria. In these animals, plasma Hamp active peptide concentrations significantly increased when compared with the controls. Significant correlations were calculated between Hamp expression and liver Fe contents (liver Fe = 1/0·0032+0·032 × Hampexp), and Hb concentrations (Hb = 11·49+10·13 × (Hampexp)1/2). These data indicate that oral administration of B. longum ameliorates gliadin-mediated perturbations in liver Fe deposition and mobilisation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of serum cytokine levels in recurrent airway obstruction

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 785-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Niedźwiedź ◽  
H. Borowicz ◽  
K. Kubiak ◽  
J. Nicpoń ◽  
P. Skrzypczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Recurrent Airway Obstruction ◽  
Serum Cytokine ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Reversible Airway Obstruction ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Ifn Γ

Abstract Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) represents a serious health problem and is traditionally classified as an allergic disease, where contact with an antigen can induce clinical airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-responsiveness and reversible airway obstruction. Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of the Th2 response in the lungs of human patients with asthma and horses with heaves. These cells are involved in the production of cytokines which regulate the synthesis of immunoglobulins. 40 horses were evaluated: 30 horses with RAO and 10 healthy animals. The expression levels of interferon-alpha 1 (IFN-α1), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-1β, (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-4, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were measured in the serum obtained from control and RAO-susceptible horses during crisis. In all the patients, serum cytokine levels were detected. Serum median IL-13 and IFN-γ levels were significantly higher in RAO-affected horses than in the healthy group (p < 0.001). The serum median IFN-α1, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, and TNF-α levels were similar in both groups. These results indicate a low variability of the levels of cytokines and a high frequency of their detection in serum samples from horses with RAO. Immune mechanisms involved in equine RAO are more complex than those defined by a simple Th1/Th2 dichotomy.

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