Normative Data of the Wingate Anaerobic Test in 1 Year Age Groups of Male Soccer Players

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anaerobic power of elite male volleyball players, using the Wingate Anaerobic Test to examine the relationship between anaerobic power and jumping performance. Athletes ( n = 56) and Nonathletes ( n = 53) were divided into three age groups: Adults (18–25 yr.), Juniors (15–16 yr.), and Youth (10–11 yr.). Measurements of height, body mass, vertical jump and Wingate scores indicated higher values for athletes. The specific training effects of anaerobic power were more pronounced at the age of 10–11 years than for Nonathletes. A significant correlation coefficient between peak power and vertical jump was found for Athletes ( r = .86) and for the total group ( r = .82). These results indicated that vertical jump may predict the maximal anaerobic power and could be used by coaches as a practical and easy-to-apply field screening test for evaluation in volleyball training.

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Muscular Power of the Arms in High School Wrestlers

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.5.1.72 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 72-77

Author(s):

Sharon A. Evans ◽

Joan M. Eckerson ◽

Terry J. Housh ◽

Glen O. Johnson

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Peak Power ◽

Age Groups ◽

Group Differences ◽

Muscular Power ◽

Mean Power ◽

Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽

Free Weight ◽

Age Related ◽

Anaerobic Test

This investigation examined age related differences in the muscular power of the arms in high school wrestlers. Seventy-five volunteers (M age ±SD = 16.3 ±1.2 yrs) were stratified into four age groups (≤15.00; 15.01−16.00; 16.01−17.00, and ≥17.01 yrs) corresponding approximately to the freshman through senior years of high school. Mean power (MP) and peak power (PP) were measured using an arm crank Wingate Anaerobic Test, and body composition was assessed via underwater weighing. The results indicated significant (p<0.05) group differences for absolute MP and PP as well as for relative MP and PP (covaried for body weight). No significant differences were found when MP and PP were adjusted for fat-free weight (FFW). The results suggested that the age related increases in muscular power of the arms were a function of increases in FFW across age.

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Inter-individual Variability in Soccer Players of Different Age Groups Playing Different Positions

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/hukin-2014-0023 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 213-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Pantelis Nikolaidis ◽

Gal Ziv ◽

Ronnie Lidor ◽

Michal Arnon

Keyword(s):

Body Mass ◽

Body Height ◽

Age Groups ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Mean Power ◽

Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽

Motor Abilities ◽

Physiological Tests

Abstract The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to profile physical characteristics and motor abilities of three age groups of soccer players - under 14 years, 14-17, and over 17, playing different positions - goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders, and forwards; and (b) to examine the inter-individual variability among the players in each age group in all physical and physiological measurements performed in the study. In addition, anthropometric, power, strength, and flexibility tests were administered. Findings showed large inter-individual variability in all three age groups and in all playing positions. Differences between playing positions were found only in the 14-17 group (body mass) and in the over-17 group (body height, body mass, fat-free mass, and mean power in the Wingate Anaerobic Test). Due to the observed large inter-individual variability, it was concluded that the findings obtained in the physical and physiological tests should be interpreted with caution when attempting to differentiate between successful and unsuccessful soccer players, as well as when trying to predict future success in soccer.

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ALLOMETRIC SCALING OF WINGATE ANAEROBIC TEST SCORES IN YOUNG SOCCER PLAYERS

Journal of Applied Sports Sciences ◽

10.37393/jass.2018.01.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (July) ◽

pp. 21-29

Author(s):

Borislava Petrova ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Test Scores ◽

Allometric Scaling ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽

Anaerobic Test

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Coordination Problems and Anaerobic Performance in Children

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly ◽

10.1123/apaq.11.2.141 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 141-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Cameron O’Beirne ◽

Dawne Larkin ◽

Tim Cable

Keyword(s):

Peak Power ◽

Age Groups ◽

Anaerobic Performance ◽

Motor Score ◽

Fatigue Index ◽

Mean Power ◽

Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽

Coordination Problems ◽

Neuromuscular Development ◽

Anaerobic Test

Generally, children with coordination problems lack fitness and muscular strength. This study was designed to identify whether these children differed from age-matched controls on measures of anaerobic performance. Twenty-four boys who were poorly coordinated, from three age groups, 7, 8, and 9 years, were compared to 24 coordinated controls (N = 48). The McCarron (1982) Assessment of Neuromuscular Development (MAND) was used to confirm levels of coordination. Anaerobic performance was estimated with the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) and a 50-m run. The poorly coordinated group’s performance on the WAnT was significantly lower than the performance of the controls for measures of peak power normalized for body weight, absolute and normalized mean power, and the fatigue index. The subjects who were poorly coordinated were also significantly slower performing the 50-m sprint. There was a significant relationship between power measured on the WAnT and coordination measured by the MAND gross motor score. For this population, coordination problems were considered among the factors that may interfere with the measurement of anaerobic performance.

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Power, Muscle, and Take-Off Asymmetry in Young Soccer Players

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17176040 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (17) ◽

pp. 6040

Author(s):

Petr Bahenský ◽

David Marko ◽

Václav Bunc ◽

Pavel Tlustý

Keyword(s):

Force Plate ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Age Dependence ◽

Force Load ◽

Strength Parameters ◽

Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽

The Mean ◽

The Individual ◽

The Relationship ◽

Anaerobic Test

(1) Background: The objective of the study was to check the relationship between laterality, amount of muscle mass (MM), and selected strength parameters on lower extremities and assessment of asymmetry like a result of training. (2) Methods: The screened sample consisted of soccer players (n = 65, age = 16.0 ± 1.2 years). The legs were assessed for MM, height of reflection on a force plate, and power over 30 s Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT). The relationships between the individual parameters and age dependence were assessed using a correlation analysis. The differences between the dominant and non-dominant leg were assessed using the t-test. (3) Results: A relationship between the jump height and the mean 30 s power in WAnT (r = 0.375, p ˂ 0.01) and between the amount of MM and the absolute power of the individual legs in WAnT (r = 0.695–0.832, p ˂ 0.01) was proved. A relationship between the take-off force and the MM, or between the MM and the relative power during a velocity force load was not found. (4) Conclusions: The amount of MM in young soccer players does not affect take-off force or strength power in WAnT. The more specific the movement is, the lower the effect on the achieved power output of the concerned MM. Differences in the performance between the dominant and non-dominant leg decrease with duration of the training.

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Associations between Inter-Limb Asymmetries in Jump and Change of Direction Speed Tests and Physical Performance in Adolescent Female Soccer Players

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18073474 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 3474

Author(s):

Elena Pardos-Mainer ◽

Chris Bishop ◽

Oliver Gonzalo-Skok ◽

Hadi Nobari ◽

Jorge Pérez-Gómez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Performance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Adolescent Female ◽

Specific Training ◽

Countermovement Jump ◽

Change Of Direction ◽

Percentage Difference ◽

Hop Test ◽

Physical Tests

The association between asymmetries in jump and change of direction (COD) with physical performance in several sports show inconclusive results. The purposes of this study were to: (1) measure inter-limb asymmetries in three distinct groups in adolescent female soccer players and, (2) to determine the association between inter-limb asymmetries and physical performance in different age groups. Fifty-four players were distributed in three age groups: U-18, U-16 and U-14. All of them performed a series of jumps, sprints and change of direction speed tests. Asymmetries were assessed as the percentage difference between limbs, with the equation: 100/Max value (right and left) * in value (right and left) * −1 + 100. Mean inter-limb asymmetries were 2.91%, 4.82% and 11.6% for 180° COD, single leg hop and single leg countermovement jump tests respectively, but higher percentages of asymmetries were observed in many players individually. U-18 and U-16 showed significant differences on 180° left COD compared to U-14. Effect size (ES): 0.80 and 0.74, respectively; U-18 presented differences on single left leg hop test compared to U-14, ES: −0.72; U-16 also showed differences on 40 m speed compared to U-14, ES 0.87 (All p < 0.05). Jumping and COD physical tests show asymmetries in adolescent female soccer players, but these asymmetries do not interfere with physical performance. The largest asymmetry was observed in the single leg countermovement jump, and no asymmetries between groups were found. Due to the high variability in the direction of asymmetries, it is recommended to consider players’ individual asymmetries for designing specific training programs.

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Exercise intensity during official soccer matches

Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance ◽

10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n6p621 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 621 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel Barbosa Coelho ◽

Rodney Coelho da Paixão ◽

Emerson Cruz de Oliveira ◽

Lenice Kappes Becker ◽

João Batista Ferreira-Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Lactate ◽

Field Test ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

Intermediate Phase ◽

Age Groups ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Blood Lactate Accumulation ◽

Intensity Of Exercise ◽

In The Beginning

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n6p621 The aims of the study were: 1) to analyze the exercise intensity in several phases (six phases of 15 min) of soccer matches; 2) to compare the match time spent above anaerobic threshold (AT) between different age groups (U-17 and U-20); and 3) to compare the match time spent above AT between players’ positions (backs, midfielders, forwards and wingabcks). Forty-four male soccer players were analyzed. To express players’ effort, the heart rate (HR) was continuously monitored in 29 official matches. Further, HR corresponding to the intensity at the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) was obtained in a field test. The highest exercise intensity during match was observed in the 15-30 min period of the first half (p< 0.05). Match time spent above AT was not different between players from U-17 and U-20. In the comparison among players’ positions, wingbacks showed lower time above AT (p< 0.05) than players of other positions. The intensity of effort is higher in the 15 to 30 minutes of play (intermediate phase), probably because the players are more rested in the beginning and wearing out is progressive throughout the game. It is also noteworthy that the intensity of exercise (HR and time above AT) of wingbacks was lower, probably because they usually are required to run a larger number of sprints and need more time below the AT to recover.

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The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS): Normative Data and Factor Structure for a Large-Scale Sample in Mexico

The Spanish Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1017/sjp.2013.35 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Mónica Teresa González-Ramírez ◽

María Noel Rodríguez-Ayán ◽

René Landero Hernández

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Normative Data ◽

Large Scale ◽

Age Groups ◽

Perceived Stress Scale ◽

Stress Scale ◽

Large Samples ◽

Adequate Reliability

AbstractOne of the most widely used scales for the evaluation of stress is the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and it has been adapted into different languages. However, few studies have presented normative data from large samples, and there do not appear to be any studies of the PSS that provide normative data based on large samples for Mexico. Thus, the goal of this study was to provide normative data regarding gender and different age groups for a sample of 1990 Mexican subjects to validate the factor structure of the construct for this sample. The analysis of the 10- and 14-item versions of the PSS revealed that the scale had adequate reliability and that the factor structure was consistent with previous studies. With respect to the normative data, the means of the different groups ranged from 20.93 to 25.63 for the PSS14 and from 14.52 to 17.73 for the PSS10. We propose that scores within one standard deviation of these means be used as reference values for each group.

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