scholarly journals The Prevalence of Hyperpalatable Baby Foods and Exposure During Infancy: A Preliminary Investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Ling Kong ◽  
Tera L. Fazzino ◽  
Kaitlyn M. Rohde ◽  
Katherine S. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Baby Food ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Baby Foods ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Adult Food ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Measurement Period

Objective: To characterize the prevalence of hyperpalatable foods (HPF) among baby foods in the U.S. and examine the prevalence of HPF exposure and consumption from both baby food and adult food sources among infants aged 9–15 months.Methods: A U.S. baby food database as well as baby foods from three 24-h dietary recalls of 147 infants were used to identify baby foods as HPF per previous publication. HPF exposure was defined as intake of any HPF during the 3-day measurement period. To determine the extent of HFP consumption, % kilocalorie (kcal) intake from HPF was characterized.Results: Only 12% of baby foods were HPF; however, nearly all participants (>90%) consumed HPF, primarily through exposure to adult foods. Younger infants (<12 months) consumed 38% [standard deviation (SD) = 23.6%] of their daily food kcal from HPF and older infants (≥12 months) consumed 52% (SD = 16.4%) of daily food kilocalorie from HPF. Most younger infants (68%) and older infants (88%) had repeated exposure to the same HPF across the measurement period.Conclusions: The prevalence of HPF among baby foods in the U.S. is low. However, almost all infants were exposed to HPF, and HPF comprised a substantial percentage of daily food kilocalorie in infants' diets. Findings highlight the transition to solid food consumption during complimentary feeding period is a critical time for early HPF exposure.

Tethered-flight and Age-related Reproductive Performance of Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren) and H. armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Coombs
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Tethered Flight ◽  
Flight Capacity ◽  
Early Adult Life ◽  
Adult Lives ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Adult Food

Flight capacity of female and male moths was age dependent in both H. punctigera and H. armigera using a tethered-flight technique. In H. punctigera, flight capacity increased from the first night following emergence up to Night 4, and was maintained at least until Night 10. In H. armigera, a peak in flight capacity occurred on Night 4, followed by a decline with increasing age. Long-flying moths (> 5 h duration) were evident in both species from the night following emergence. Attainment of reproductive maturity was rapid in both species, with 91% of H. punctigera and 77% of H. armigera ovipositing by Night 3. Hence, the increase in flight capacity recorded for both species during early adult life is coincident with the onset of reproductive activity. Both species retain the capacity for extensive inter-crop and inter-regional movement throughout most of the reproductive phase of their adult lives. Neither successful mating or the absence of adult food sources influenced flight capacity during early adult life.

Collegial Courts: Panel Decision-Making and the U.S. Courts of Appeals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela C. Corley ◽  
Wendy L. Martinek
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
Appellate Court ◽  
Courts Of Appeals ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
Appeals Process ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The U.S

The three-judge panel mechanism by which the courts of appeals process almost all (though not quite all) of their cases affords scholars unique opportunities to explore how appellate court decision-making may transcend being merely the sum of its parts. Specifically, court of appeals judges pursue their decision-making responsibilities as part of a collegial group, and thus it is important to understand how being a member of a multimember court influences their behavior.

Comparative analysis of chemical contamination of baby foods and primary pediatric morbidity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
YuL Tikhonova
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Baby Food ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Baby Foods ◽  
Microsoft Word ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Pediatric Morbidity

The safety of baby foods is key to a child’s health, which, in turn, is one of the prioritized national goals. As they grow, children get exposed to numerous negative environmental impacts. Chemical contamination of baby foods can increase pediatric morbidity. The aim of this study was to investigate possible correlations between baby food contamination and primary pediatric morbidity using data on 65 Russian regions collected in 2012–2017 by the Russian Federal Information Public Health Surveillance Foundation. The data were processed in Microsoft Word 2010 and Microsoft Excel 2010. Of 67,940 samples of baby foods analyzed for chemical contamination, priority pollutants (toxic element) were detected in 14.1%. The most contaminated were fruit and vegetable purees (47.1%), followed by milk formulas and cultured dairy products (19.9%). We also analyzed 32,914 indicators of pediatric morbidity. The Pearson correlation analysis detected reliable correlations between baby food contamination and the primary incidence of endocrine disorders in infants, as well as the primary incidence of obesity, diabetes mellitus and cancer in children aged 0 to 14 years.

scholarly journals Evaluating State-of-the-Art LEED-NCv4 in the U.S.

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 775
Author(s):  
Pushkar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Very High ◽  
The U.S

To date, no empirical evidence has been published on the certification achievements of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for New Construction (LEED-NCv4) projects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the trends in LEED-NCv4 Certified, Silver, Gold, and Platinum projects in the U.S. Boxplots were used to measure the consistency of achievement points in categories; Cliff’s δ was used to measure the effect size between possible points and achieved points in categories and credits. The findings show that (1) the categories Sustainable Sites and Energy and Atmosphere were well designed, with consistency increasing from level to level and almost all their credits achieving low–very high points; (2) the categories Water Efficiency and Indoor Environmental Quality showed an average design, and certification levels were found to be inconsistent across the projects and only approximately half of the credits achieved medium or high points, whereas the other half achieved low points; and (3) the categories Location and Transportation and Materials and Resources were the worst designed, with four certification levels found to be inconsistent across the projects and most of the credits achieved low points.

scholarly journals Usual Dietary Intake, Nutritional Adequacy and Food Sources of Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Vitamin D of Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years. Findings from the EsNuPI Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Cuadrado-Soto ◽  
Ana M. López-Sobaler ◽  
Ana Isabel Jiménez-Ortega ◽  
Aránzazu Aparicio ◽  
Laura M. Bermejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Dietary Reference Values ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Bone problems in the population begin to be establish in childhood. The present study aims to assess the usual calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin D intakes, along with the food sources of these nutrients, in Spanish children participating in the EsNuPI (Estudio Nutricional en Población Infantil Española) study. Two 24 h dietary recalls were applied to 1448 children (1 to <10 years) divided into two sub-samples: one reference sample (RS) of the general population [n = 707] and another sample which exclusively included children consuming enriched or fortified milks, here called “adapted milks” (AMS) [n = 741]. Estimation of the usual intake shows that nutrient intake increased with age for all nutrients except vitamin D. Using as reference the Dietary Reference Values from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), calcium and magnesium intakes were found to be below the average requirement (AR) and adequate intake (AI), respectively, in a considerable percentage of children. Furthermore, phosphorus exceeded the AI in 100% of individuals and vitamin D was lower than the AI in almost all children studied. The results were very similar when considering only plausible reporters. When analyzing the food sources of the nutrients studied, milk and dairy products contributed the most to calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin D. Other sources of calcium were cereals and vegetables; for phosphorus: meat, meat products, and cereals; for magnesium: cereals and fruits; and, for vitamin D: fish and eggs. These results highlight the desirability of improving the intake concerning these nutrients, which are involved in bone and metabolic health in children. The AMS group appeared to contribute better to the adequacy of those nutrients than the RS group, but both still need further improvement. Of special interest are the results of vitamin D intakes, which were significantly higher in the AMS group (although still below the AI), independent of age.

The Trouble With Tinder

2022 ◽  
pp. 1651-1670
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Online Dating ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Dating Apps ◽  
Disability Stigma ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The U.S

Although research indicates that almost all emerging adults in the U.S. use the internet, little is known about the online dating experiences of persons with disabilities. Particularly in developed countries, online dating currently accounts for a substantial proportion of the initiation of romantic relationships and promises numerous advantages for persons with disabilities. Online dating includes a way to escape disability stigma, at least initially, access to a wide network of potential partners, and a convenient, private, and efficient method of meeting them. Online daters can be strategic in how they present both themselves and their disabilities, the manner in which they communicate with potential partners, and whether they join a large, popular dating site or a specialized disability-oriented one. The chapter discusses how the nine-step process of online dating might differ for or challenge emerging adults with various types of disabilities, sharing relevant research and media examples when available. The implications of popular mobile dating apps are also considered.

Consumption of Calcium in the U.S.: Food Sources and Intake Levels

1994 ◽  
Vol 124 (suppl_8) ◽  
pp. 1426S-1430S ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn H. Fleming ◽  
James T. Heimbach
Keyword(s):  
Food Sources ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Technology for An Instant Almond Gruel

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Z. Hosseini ◽  
G. H. Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Production ◽  
Baby Food ◽  
Baby Foods ◽  
Local Product ◽  
Digestive Disturbance

This paper describes methods for processing an instant baby food made from rice and almonds. Commercial production of ready-to-serve baby foods in Iran is limited, and imported baby foods are expensive. Since home preparation is time-consuming and often neglected, a ready-to-serve local product is desirable. The resultant product was acceptable and caused no digestive disturbance when fed to children for three months.

scholarly journals Comparing the cost of essential nutrients from different food sources in the American diet using NHANES 2011–2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M. Hess ◽  
Christopher J. Cifelli ◽  
Sanjiv Agarwal ◽  
Victor L. Fulgoni
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background One reason that some Americans do not meet nutrient needs from healthy eating patterns is cost. Food cost affects how people eat, and healthy diets tend to be more expensive. Cost is also important for diet sustainability. Sustainable eating patterns must be both nutritionally adequate and affordable. The objective of this study was to compare the cost of obtaining shortfall nutrients from different food groups to help identify cost-effective ways Americans can move towards healthy and sustainable eating patterns. Methods This analysis used dietary intake data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2012 and 2013–2014 (n = 5876 children 2–18 years and n = 9953 adults 19–99 years). Americans’ nutrient intake from food categories in “What We Eat in America” and the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans was determined using the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies. Food cost and the cost of nutrients were obtained from Center for Nutrition Promotion and Policy food cost database 2001–2002 and 2003–2004 (adjusted for inflation). Results The daily mean cost of food was $4.74 ± 0.06 for children and $6.43 ± 0.06 for adults. “Protein foods” and “mixed dishes” were the two most expensive food categories (43–45% of daily food costs), while “grains,” “fruits,” and “vegetables” combined accounted for ~ 18% of the daily cost, and “milk and dairy” accounted for 6–12% of total daily food costs in both adults and children. “Milk and dairy” were the least expensive dietary sources of calcium and vitamin D in the American diet, while “grains” were the least expensive sources of iron and magnesium, and “protein foods” were the least expensive sources of choline. “Fruits” and “vegetables” were the least expensive sources of potassium and vitamin C, respectively, and “snacks and sweets” were the least expensive sources of vitamin E. Conclusion “Milk and dairy” were inexpensive sources of three of the four nutrients of public health concern (calcium, vitamin D, and potassium), while “grains” were the least expensive source of fiber. The results of this work reinforce the importance of consuming a variety of nutrient-rich foods for cost-effective, sustainable eating patterns.

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