scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic Adversely Affects the Provision of Desired Newborn Circumcision: Perinatal Physician Perspectives

2022 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Corona ◽  
Ilina Rosoklija ◽  
Ryan F. Walton ◽  
Derek J. Matoka ◽  
Catherine M. Seager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Newborn Period ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Physician Perspectives ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Hospital Policies

Over half of boys in the United States undergo circumcision, which has its greatest health benefits and lowest risks when performed during the newborn period under local anesthesia. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected delivery of patient care in many ways and likely also influenced the provision of newborn circumcisions. Prior to the pandemic, we planned to conduct a qualitative study to ascertain physician perspectives on providing newborn circumcision care. The interviews incidentally coincided with the onset of the pandemic and thus, pandemic-related changes emerged as a theme. We elected to analyze this theme in greater detail. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with perinatal physicians in a large urban city from 4/2020 to 7/2020. Physicians that perform or counsel regarding newborn circumcision and physicians with knowledge of or responsibility for hospital policies were eligible. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and qualitative coding was performed. Twenty-three physicians from 11 local hospitals participated. Despite no specific COVID-19 related questions in the interview guide, nearly half of physicians identified that the pandemic affected delivery of newborn circumcision care with 8 pandemic-related sub-themes. The commonest sub-themes included COVID-19 related changes in: (1) workflow processes, (2) staffing and availability of circumcision proceduralists, and (3) procedural settings. In summary, this qualitative study revealed unanticipated COVID-19 pandemic-related changes with primarily adverse effects on the provision of desired newborn circumcisions. Some of these changes may become permanent resulting in broad implications for policy makers that will likely need to adapt and redesign the processes and systems for the delivery of newborn circumcision care.

scholarly journals Emojis As Evidence in Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Zeidler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Appellate Court ◽  
Court System ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Southwest Region ◽  
Made In

As the sophistication and use of technology increases, communication through technology becomes more common, leading to the increasing use of emojis. In turn, this has led to an increase of emojis being used as evidence in court, with little guidance of how they can be interpreted within the law. This study examines the ways judges perceive emojis in court, especially when they are used as evidence. Through a grounded theory qualitative study, semi-structured interviews of judges throughout the Southwest region of the United States were conducted and analyzed according to Charmaz grounded theory guidelines (Charmaz, 2006) to determine judges’ perceptions of the use of emojis in court as evidence. This seeks to determine how emojis are used within the court system as they can carry and convey many different meanings to different people.  This study found that many judges find it necessary to have context with emojis for the purposes of interpretation by the jury, but it is not necessary for special instructions to be made in regards to emojis. Additionally, this study found other aspects of trial including jury selection and the appellate court are being affected by the increasing usage of emojis as evidence due to their highly subjective nature. Further research is needed to assess the broader implications of advancements in technology on the legal system.

Diagnosis to death: family experiences of paediatric heart disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1672-1678
Author(s):  
Kathryn Neubauer ◽  
Erin P. Williams ◽  
Pamela K. Donohue ◽  
Elliott M. Weiss ◽  
Mithya Lewis-Newby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Family Experiences ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Causes Of Mortality

AbstractCHD remains one of the leading causes of mortality of children in the United States. There is limited research about the experience of parents from the diagnosis of their child with CHD through the death of their child. A prior study has shown that adults with heart failure go through a series of four transitions: 1) learning the diagnosis, 2) reframing the new normal, 3) taking control of the illness, and 4) understanding death is inevitable. In our qualitative study, we performed semi-structured interviews with parents who have a child die of CHD to determine whether the four transitions in adults apply to parents of children with CHD. We found that these four transitions were present in the parents we interviewed and that there were two novel transitions, one that proceeded the first Jones et al transition (“Prenatal diagnosis”) and one that occurred after the final Jones et al transition (“Adjustment after death”). It is our hope that identification of these six transitions will help better support families of children with CHD.

scholarly journals "Marijuana Moms" : the collective work of negotiating individual and group identity in the age of cannabis legalization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jennifer McKinney-Wilson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Marijuana User ◽  
Collective Work

This research is the result of a qualitative study that explored the ways in which marijuana using mothers come to identify as such and how they structure their relationships and parenting as a result. The experiences of 57 self-identified marijuana using mothers (aged 20-48 years-old) from across the United States participated in semi-structured interviews and shared their everyday experiences with both marijuana use and motherhood. Participants were all mothers with children between 3 months and 19 years at the time of the interviews. A thematic narrative analysis uncovered common experiences among these women in constructing both individual and group identity: Participants varied in how each of these themes identified were reflected in their lives, depending upon each participant's interpretation of her local social context. Both motherhood and self-identifying as a marijuana user were valuable and meaningful parts of their identity

scholarly journals Preschool/Pre-Kindergarten Education Promoting Student Performance in Later Years: A Qualitative Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-58
Author(s):  
Carla J. Thompson ◽  
Giang-Nguyen Thi Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
School Readiness ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Early Education ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews

A thoughtful decision confronting parents considering pre-kindergarten or pre-school programs across the United States provided from the literature has focused on school readiness of children within the pre-kindergarten years. Prior to children moving into kindergarten, parents are often concerned with the related potential for increased student achievement and student performance of these children in later years. Public opinion concerning the “worth” of preschool education as a readiness provider for preparing children to enter kindergarten adequately prepared for learning has been a topic of dissention among educators and parents for more than a decade. This qualitative study involved conducting structured interviews with five educators (two pre-school teachers, two kindergarten teachers, and one early learning district administrator) from the same school district located in the southeast region of the United States. The current qualitative study focused on eight specific interview questions generated from the literature review. Each of the eight interview question responses was examined relative to specific criteria, positioning, and information aligned from the related literature. Resulting literature analyses and discussions provide specific viewpoints from the interviews of the five educators regarding the merits and potential worth of early education experiences. Implications of the study findings involve describing potential future research efforts aimed at examining influences of early education or preschool experiences related to students’ performance levels and attitudes relative to later school achievement.

scholarly journals Key Factors that Promote Low-Value Care: Views of Experts From the United States, Canada, and the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva W. Verkerk ◽  
Simone A. Van Dulmen ◽  
Karen Born ◽  
Reshma Gupta ◽  
Gert P. Westert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organizational Leaders ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Medical Centers

Background: Around the world, policies and interventions are used to encourage clinicians to reduce low-value care. In order to facilitate this, we need a better understanding of the factors that lead to low-value care. We aimed to identify the key factors affecting low-value care on a national level. In addition, we highlight differences and similarities in three countries. Methods: We performed 18 semi-structured interviews with experts on low-value care from three countries that are actively reducing low-value care: the United States, Canada, and the Netherlands. We interviewed 5 experts from Canada, 6 from the United States, and 7 from the Netherlands. Eight were organizational leaders or policy-makers, 6 as low-value care researchers or project leaders, and 4 were both. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: The key factors that promote low-value care are the payment system, the pharmaceutical and medical device industry, fear of malpractice litigation, biased evidence and knowledge, medical education, and a ‘more is better’ culture. These factors are seen as the most important in the United States, Canada and the Netherlands, although there are several differences between these countries in their payment structure, and industry and malpractice policy. Conclusion: Policy-makers and researchers that aim to reduce low-value care have experienced that clinicians face a mix of interdependent factors regarding the healthcare system and culture that lead them to provide low-value care. Better awareness and understanding of these factors can help policy-makers to facilitate clinicians and medical centers to deliver high-value care.

Gendered differences in emigration and mobility perspectives among European researchers working abroad

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Scheibelhofer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
The Future ◽  
Highly Skilled

This paper focuses on gendered mobilities of highly skilled researchers working abroad. It is based on an empirical qualitative study that explored the mobility aspirations of Austrian scientists who were working in the United States at the time they were interviewed. Supported by a case study, the paper demonstrates how a qualitative research strategy including graphic drawings sketched by the interviewed persons can help us gain a better understanding of the gendered importance of social relations for the future mobility aspirations of scientists working abroad.

scholarly journals Perceived Changes in Sexuality during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Adults in the United States

Sexes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-344
Author(s):  
Jessamyn Bowling ◽  
Erika Montanaro ◽  
Sarai Guerrero-Ordonez ◽  
Stuti Joshi ◽  
Diana Gioia
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Sex Drive ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Sexual Experimentation

In the United States, the COVID-19 pandemic has decreased partnered sexual behavior and increased the use of enhancement (e.g., toys). This has been partly attributed to reduced social interactions and stress. However, individuals’ perceptions of changes are missing in research. This study aims to examine how adults perceive changes in their sexuality during the pandemic. We conducted a nationwide survey of US adults from April–June 2020 (N = 326). This qualitative study examines the open-ended responses using thematic analyses. The following themes emerged from the data: (1) changes in the purpose of sex; (2) changes in sexual identity; (3) decreases in sex drive and desire; (4) increases in sex drive and desire; (5) fluctuations in sex drive and desire; (6) increased sexual experimentation and reflection. The stress, changes in home responsibilities and living situations, and time spent with partners (more or less) has affected individuals by increasing or decreasing their sex drive and desire. Participants responded to changes with self-reflection and awareness, and incorporating new practices (e.g., technology, kink). The purpose of sex has shifted in order to gain intimacy or connect, or to pass time. These changes were perceived as both positive and negative, and more research is needed to determine the durability of these changes.

scholarly journals Balancing race, gender, and responsibility: Conversations with four black women in educational leadership in the United States of America

2021 ◽  
pp. 174114322199183
Author(s):  
Natasha N Johnson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Educational Leadership ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Hermeneutic Phenomenology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Women's Leadership ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender

This article focuses on equitable leadership and its intersection with related yet distinct concepts salient to social justice pertinent to women and minorities in educational leadership. This piece is rooted and framed within the context of the United States of America, and the major concepts include identity, equity, and intersectionality—specific to the race-gender dyad—manifested within the realm of educational leadership. The objective is to examine theory and research in this area and to discuss the role they played in this study of the cultures of four Black women, all senior-level leaders within the realm of K-20 education in the United States. This work employed the tenets of hermeneutic phenomenology, focusing on the intersecting factors—race and gender, specifically—that impact these women’s ability and capability to perform within the educational sector. The utilization of in-depth, timed, semi-structured interviews allowed participants to reflect upon their experiences and perceptions as Black women who have navigated and continue to successfully navigate the highest levels of the educational leadership sphere. Contributors’ recounted stories of navigation within spaces in which they are underrepresented revealed the need for more research specific to the intricacies of Black women’s leadership journeys in the context of the United States.

scholarly journals Cultural Influences on the Regulation of Energy Intake and Obesity: A Qualitative Study Comparing Food Customs and Attitudes to Eating in Adults from France and the United States

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Maria Carlota Dao ◽  
Sophie Thiron ◽  
Ellen Messer ◽  
Camille Sergeant ◽  
Anne Sévigné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
The U.S

(1) Background: The influence of food culture on eating behavior and obesity risk is poorly understood. (2) Methods: In this qualitative study, 25 adults in France with or without overweight/obesity participated in semi-structured interviews (n = 10) or focus groups (n = 15) to examine attitudes to food consumption and external pressures that influence eating behavior and weight management. Results were compared to an equivalent study conducted in the United States, thereby contrasting two countries with markedly different rates of obesity. Emerging key themes in the French data were identified through coding using a reflexive approach. (3) Results: The main themes identified were: (1) influence of commensality, social interactions, and pleasure from eating on eating behavior, (2) having a balanced and holistic approach to nutrition, (3) the role of environmental concerns in food consumption, (4) relationship with “natural” products (idealized) and food processing (demonized), (5) perceptions of weight status and management. Stress and difficulties in hunger cue discernment were viewed as important obstacles to weight management in both countries. External pressures were described as a major factor that explicitly influences food consumption in the U.S., while there was an implicit influence of external pressures through eating-related social interactions in France. In France, products considered “natural” where idealized and juxtaposed against processed and “industrial” products, whereas this was not a salient aspect in the U.S. (4) Conclusions: This first comparative qualitative study assessing aspects of food culture and eating behaviors across countries identifies both common and divergent attitudes to food and eating behavior. Further studies are needed to inform the development of effective behavioral interventions to address obesity in different populations.

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