scholarly journals Identification and Expression Analysis of Two allene oxide cyclase (AOC) Genes in Watermelon

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingwen Li ◽  
Yelan Guang ◽  
Youxin Yang ◽  
Yong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Functional Divergence ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Infected Leaf ◽  
Allene Oxide ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Allene Oxide Cyclase ◽  
Wide Range

Allene oxide cyclase (AOC, EC 5.3.99.6) catalyzes the most important step in the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthetic pathway and mediates plant defense response to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, two AOC genes were identified from watermelon. Sequence analysis revealed that each of ClAOC1 and ClAOC2 contained an allene oxide cyclase domain and comprised eight highly conserved β-strands, which are the typical characteristics of AOC proteins. Phylogenetic analysis showed that ClAOC1 and ClAOC2 were clustered together with AOCs from dicotyledon, with the closest relationships with JcAOC from Jatropha curcas and Ljaoc1 from Lotus japonicus. Different intron numbers were observed in ClAOC1 and ClAOC2, which may result in their functional divergence. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that ClAOC1 and ClAOC2 have specific and complex expression patterns in multiple organs and under hormone treatments. Both ClAOC1 and ClAOC2 displayed the highest transcriptional levels in stem apex and fruit and exhibited relatively lower expression in stem. JA, salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ET) could enhance the expression of ClAOC1 and ClAOC2, particularly that of ClAOC2. Red light could induce the expression of ClAOC2 in root-knot nematode infected leaf and root of watermelon, indicating that ClAOC2 might play a primary role in red light-induced resistance against root-knot nematodes through JA signal pathway. These findings provide important information for further research on AOC genes in watermelon.

scholarly journals The CYP74 Gene Family in Watermelon: Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling Under Hormonal Stress and Root-Knot Nematode Infection

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhou ◽  
Yelan Guang ◽  
Jingwen Li ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Golam Jalal Ahammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Hydroperoxide Lyase ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Allene Oxide ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Allene oxide synthase (AOS) and hydroperoxide lyase (HPL), members of the CYP74 gene family, are branches of the oxylipin pathway and play vital roles in plant responses to a number of stresses. In this study, four HPL genes and one AOS gene were identified in the watermelon genome, which were clustered into three subfamilies (CYP74A, CYP74B and CYP74C). Sequence analysis revealed that most HPL and AOS proteins from various plants contain representative domains, including Helix-I region, Helix-K region (ExxR) and Heme-binding domain. A number of development-, stress-, and hormone-related cis-elements were found in the promoter regions of the ClAOS and ClHPL genes, and the detected ClAOS and ClHPL genes were differentially expressed in different tissues and fruit development stages, as well as in response to various hormones. In addition, red light could enhance the expression of ClAOS in root-knot nematode-infected leaves and roots of watermelon, implying that ClAOS might play a primary role in red light-induced resistance against root-knot nematodes. These findings lay a foundation for understanding the specific function of CYP74 genes in watermelon.

Versatile physiological functions of the Nudix Hydrolase family in berry development and stress response in grapevine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoke Wang ◽  
Peipei Wang ◽  
Le Guan ◽  
Muhammad Salman Haider ◽  
Maazullah Nasim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Berry Development ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nudix Hydrolases

Abstract Background Nudix hydrolases are widely distributed across all classes of organisms and provide the potential capacity to hydrolyze a wide range of organic pyrophosphates. Although Nudix hydrolases are involved in plants detoxification processes in response to abiotic and biotic stresses, the biological functions of Nudix hydrolases remain largely unclear in grapevine. Results A total of 25 putative grapevine Nudix hydrolases ( VvNUDXs ) were identified by bioinformatics analysis and classified into eight subfamilies based to their preferred substrates. Both tandem and segmental duplications were responsible for the evolution and expansion of NUDX gene family in grapevine. To investigate into their regulatory roles of VvNUDX genes during growth and development as well as in response to abiotic and biotic stress in grapevine, the expression patterns were revealed in publicly available microarray data. The spatial and temporal expression patterns of VvNUDX genes indicated that these genes might play important roles in multiple developmental processes. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR analysis exhibited that ten VvNUDX genes were specifically expressed in grapevine berries, suggesting the potential roles in grapevine berry development. Expression and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that VvNUDX1 and VvNUDX3 might be involved in terpenoid biosynthesis in grapevine. Futhermore, most VvNUDX genes toward the ADP-ribose/NADH were different patterns in response to various abiotic and biotic stresses, such as salinity and drought, as well as different types of biotic treatments, such as Erysiphe necator , Bois Noir phytoplasma and leaf-roll-associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3). Conclusions These results showed that VvNUDX were associated with plant detoxification processes in response to abiotic and biotic stresses, and regulate disease immunity and resistance pathways. The present informations may provide good opportunities to explore the physiological functions of VvNUDX genes in berry development and stress response networks in grapevine.

scholarly journals Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Dipsacus asperoides Roots from Different Habitats in China

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 3605
Author(s):  
Haijun Jin ◽  
Hua Yu ◽  
Haixia Wang ◽  
Jia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Absolute Quantification ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Allene Oxide ◽  
Allene Oxide Cyclase ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Differential Proteins ◽  
Isobaric Tags

Dipsacus asperoides is a kind of Chinese herbal medicine with beneficial health properties. To date, the quality of D. asperoides from different habitats has shown significant differences. However, the molecular differences in D. asperoides from different habitats are still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in protein levels of D. asperoides from different habitats. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) and 2DLC/MS/MS were used to detect statistically significant changes in D. asperoides from different habitats. Through proteomic analysis, a total of 2149 proteins were identified, of which 42 important differentially expressed proteins were screened. Through in-depth analysis of differential proteins, the protein metabolism energy and carbohydrate metabolism of D. asperoides from Hubei Province were strong, but their antioxidant capacity was weak. We found that three proteins, UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, allene oxide cyclase, and isopentyl diphosphate isomerase 2, may be the key proteins involved in dipsacus saponin VI synthesis. Eight proteins were found in D. asperoides in response to environmental stress from different habitats. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed the accuracy and authenticity of the proteomic analysis. The results of this study may provide the basic information for exploring the cause of differences in secondary metabolites in different habitats of D. asperoides and the protein mechanism governing differences in quality.

scholarly journals The Endosymbiosis-Induced Genes ENOD40 and CCS52a Are Involved in Endoparasitic-Nematode Interactions in Medicago truncatula

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1008-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Favery ◽  
Arnaud Complainville ◽  
Jose Maria Vinardell ◽  
Philippe Lecomte ◽  
Daniàle Vaubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cyclin D3 ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Cell Cycle Gene ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Wide Range

Plants associate with a wide range of mutualistic and parasitic biotrophic organisms. Here, we investigated whether beneficial plant symbionts and biotrophic pathogens induce distinct or overlapping regulatory pathways in Medicago truncatula. The symbiosis between Sinorhizobium meliloti and this plant results in the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules requiring the activation of specific genes in the host plant. We studied expression patterns of nodule-expressed genes after infection with the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Two regulators induced during nodule organogenesis, the early nodulin gene ENOD40 involved in primordium formation and the cell cycle gene CCS52a required for cell differentiation and en-doreduplication, are expressed in galls of the host plant. Expression analysis of promoter-uidA fusions indicates an accumulation of CCS52a transcripts in giant cells undergoing endoreduplication, while ENOD40 expression is localized in surrounding cell layers. Transgenic plants overexpressing ENOD40 show a significantly higher number of galls. In addition, out of the 192 nodule-expressed genes tested, 38 genes were upregulated in nodules at least threefold compared with control roots, but only two genes, nodulin 26 and cyclin D3, were found to be induced in galls. Taken together, these results suggest that certain events, such as endoreduplication, cell-to-cell communication with vascular tissues, or water transport, might be common between giant cell formation and nodule development.

scholarly journals The bZIP gene family in watermelon: genome-wide identification and expression analysis under cold stress and root-knot nematode infection

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youxin Yang ◽  
Jingwen Li ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Yingui Yang ◽  
Yelan Guang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Nematode Infection ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Basic Leucine Zipper ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Gene Structures ◽  
Bzip Family

The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family transcription factors play crucial roles in regulating plant development and stress response. In this study, we identified 62 ClabZIP genes from watermelon genome, which were unevenly distributed across the 11 chromosomes. These ClabZIP proteins could be classified into 13 groups based on the phylogenetic relationships, and members in the same group showed similar compositions of conserved motifs and gene structures. Transcriptome analysis revealed that a number of ClabZIP genes have important roles in the melatonin (MT) induction of cold tolerance. In addition, some ClabZIP genes were induced or repressed under red light (RL) or root-knot nematode infection according to the transcriptome data, and the expression patterns of several ClabZIP genes were further verified by quantitative real-time PCR, revealing their possible roles in RL induction of watermelon defense against nematode infection. Our results provide new insights into the functions of different ClabZIP genes in watermelon and their roles in response to cold stress and nematode infection.

Molecular cloning, characterization and expression of a jasmonate biosynthetic pathway gene encoding allene oxide cyclase from Camptotheca acuminata

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Pi ◽  
Zhihua Liao ◽  
Keji Jiang ◽  
Beibei Huang ◽  
Zhongxiang Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Amino Acid Level ◽  
Camptotheca Acuminata ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Allene Oxide ◽  
Allene Oxide Cyclase ◽  
Significant Similarity ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Pathway Gene

AOC (allene oxide cyclase; EC 5.3.99.6), an essential enzyme in jasmonic acid and its methyl ester biosynthesis, was cloned from Camptotheca acuminata (named as CaAOC), a native medicinal plant species in China. CaAOC had significant similarity at the amino-acid level with AOCs from other plant species. Comparison between the sequences of the full-length cDNA and genomic DNA of CaAOC revealed that the genomic DNA of CaAOC contained an 89-bp intron and a 240-bp intron. Southern-blot analysis indicated that CaAOC was a multiple-copy gene, and real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that CaAOC was expressed constitutively in all organs tested, with the highest expression level in leaves. The results from treatment experiments using different signalling components, including methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid, salicylic acid and H2O2, revealed that expression of CaAOC had a prominent diversity. Heavy metal (copper) significantly enhanced CaAOC expression, whereas wounding (induced by UV-B) was not so effective.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification of ZmSnRK2 genes and functional analysis of ZmSnRK2.10 in ABA signaling pathway in maize (Zea mays L)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiandan Long ◽  
Binjie Xu ◽  
Yufeng Hu ◽  
Yayun Wang ◽  
Changqing Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Genome Database ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Duplication Events ◽  
Aba Insensitive

Abstract Background Phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in the regulation of a wide range of biological processes. In Arabidopsis, it has been well-known that SnRK2s are the central components of the ABA signaling pathway that control the balance between plant growth and stress response, but the functions of ZmSnRK2 in maize are rarely reported. Therefore, the study of ZmSnRK2 is of great importance to understand the ABA signaling pathways in maize. Results In this study, 14 ZmSnRK2 genes were identified in the latest version of maize genome database. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ZmSnRK2s are divided into three subclasses based on their diversity of C-terminal domains. The exon-intron structures, phylogenetic, synteny and collinearity analysis indicated that SnRK2s, especially the subclass III of SnRK2, are evolutionally conserved in maize, rice and Arabidopsis. Subcellular localization showed that ZmSnRK2 proteins are localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The RNA-Seq datasets and qRT-PCR analysis showed that ZmSnRK2 genes exhibit spatial and temporal expression patterns during the growth and development of different maize tissues, and the transcript levels of some ZmSnRK2 genes in kernel are significantly induced by ABA and sucrose treatment. In addition, we found that ZmSnRK2.10, which belongs to subclass III, is highly expressed in kernel and activated by ABA. Overexpression of ZmSnRK2.10 partially rescued the ABA-insensitive phenotype of snrk2.2/2.3 double and snrk2.2/2.3/2.6 triple mutants and led to delaying plant flowering in Arabidopsis. Conclusion The SnRK2 gene family exhibits a high evolutionary conservation and has expanded with whole-genome duplication events in plants. The ZmSnRK2s expanded in maize with whole-genome and segmental duplication, not tandem duplication. The expression pattern analysis of ZmSnRK2s in maize offers important information to study their functions. Study of the functions of ZmSnRK.10 in Arabidopsis suggests that the ABA-dependent members of SnRK2s are evolutionarily conserved in plants. Our study elucidated the structure and evolution of SnRK2 genes in plants and provided a basis for the functional study of ZmSnRK2s protein in maize.

scholarly journals Functional Divergence of AP1 and FUL Genes Related to Flowering Regulation in Upland Cotton

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Zhang ◽  
Zhongying Ren ◽  
Genhai Hu ◽  
Hengling Wei ◽  
Shuli Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Functional Divergence ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Sequence Alignments ◽  
Flowering Regulation ◽  
Delayed Flowering

Abstract The AP1/FUL transcription factors are important for floral development, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we cloned and identified two AP1/FUL-like genes, GhAP1.1 and GhFUL2, in upland cotton, which is a commonly cultivated economically valuable crop. Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analyses indicated GhAP1.1 and GhFUL2, which are encoded by genes in the AP1/FUL clade, have conserved N-terminals, but diverse C-terminal domains. A quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that GhAP1.1 and GhFUL2 were expressed in the flower and root, and had the opposite expression patterns during different shoot apical meristem stages. The upregulated expression of GhAP1.1 in Arabidopsis and the silencing of GhAP1.1 did not induce significant changes to the flowering time or floral organs, but the transcript levels of the florigen FT gene and the AP1 homolog GhMADS42 increased. The overexpression of GhFUL2 in Arabidopsis delayed flowering and promoted bolting by decreasing the FT and LFY expression levels. Silencing GhFUL2 in cotton dramatically increased the expression of GhFT and GhMADS42 and promoted flowering. Additionally, yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays indicated that GhAP1.1 can interact with the SVP homolog GhSVP1, whereas GhFUL2 can form heterodimers with SEP1, SEP4 homologs, and GhSVP1. Therefore, we proved that the functional divergence of GhAP1.1 and GhFUL2, which involved changes in sequences and expression patterns, influenced the regulation of cotton flower development.

scholarly journals Functional Divergence of AP1 And FUL Genes Related To Flowering Regulation In Upland Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Zhang ◽  
Zhongying Ren ◽  
Genhai Hu ◽  
Hengling Wei ◽  
Shuli Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Functional Divergence ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Sequence Alignments ◽  
Flowering Regulation ◽  
Delayed Flowering

Abstract The AP1/FUL transcription factors are important for floral development, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we cloned and identified two AP1/FUL-like genes, GhAP1.1 and GhFUL2, in upland cotton, which is a commonly cultivated economically valuable crop. Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analyses indicated GhAP1.1 and GhFUL2, which are encoded by genes in the AP1/FUL clade, have conserved N-terminals, but diverse C-terminal domains. A quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that GhAP1.1 and GhFUL2 were expressed in the flower and root, and had the opposite expression patterns during different shoot apical meristem stages. The upregulated expression of GhAP1.1 in Arabidopsis and the silencing of GhAP1.1 did not induce significant changes to the flowering time or floral organs, but the transcript levels of the florigen FT gene and the AP1 homolog GhMADS42 increased. The overexpression of GhFUL2 in Arabidopsis delayed flowering and promoted bolting by decreasing the FT and LFY expression levels. Silencing GhFUL2 in cotton dramatically increased the expression of GhFT and GhMADS42 and promoted flowering. Additionally, yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays indicated that GhAP1.1 can interact with the SVP homolog GhSVP2.2, whereas GhFUL2 can form heterodimers with GhSEP3/GhSEP4 homologs, and GhSVP2.2. Therefore, we proved that the functional divergence of GhAP1.1 and GhFUL2, which involved changes in sequences and expression patterns, influenced the regulation of cotton flower development and plant architecture.

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