scholarly journals Long Term Effects of Ploughing and Conservation Tillage Methods on Earthworm Abundance and Crumb Ratio

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Dekemati ◽  
Barbara Simon ◽  
Igor Bogunovic ◽  
Ivica Kisic ◽  
Katalin Kassai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
No Till ◽  
Cover Ratio ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tillage Methods

In addition to the dry (D) and rainy (R) seasons, a combination of the two i.e., rainy-dry (RD) and dry-rainy (DR), can also be observed in one year. The effects of the dry (D) and rainy (R) on soil are known, hence we hypothesized that the effects of the rainy-dry (RD) and dry-rainy (DR) periods on soil may differ from the former assessments. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of six tillage treatments (ploughing—P, disk tillage—DT, loosening—L, tine tillage (a deeper—T and a shallower—ST) and no-till—NT) on earthworm abundance and crumb ratio during a long-term research (16 years) on Chernozems. The results related to the four year-groups (D, R, RD, and DR) with different residue cover. Seven degrees of cover ratio (between 12.5% and 62.5%) were selected on stubbles. Higher cover ratio (≥52.5%) improved water conservation, increased earthworm abundance (31 and 41 ind m–2) and crumb (78 and 82%) ratio (p < 0.01). R year came first in the rank of water content and earthworm abundance and DR proved to be more favorable for crumb formation. Considering the rank of soil tillage treatments, ST takes first place in evaluation of soil water content (SWC) and crumb ratio, and NT for earthworm abundance.

scholarly journals Enhancing Soil Water Content for Increased Food Production in Semi-Arid Areas of Kenya Results From an On-Farm Trial in Mwala District, Kenya

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Karuma ◽  
Peter Mtakwa ◽  
Nyambilila Amuri ◽  
Charles K. Gachene ◽  
Patrick Gicheru
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Tillage Methods

Soil water conservation through tillage is one of the appropriate ways of addressing soil moisture deficit in rainfed agriculture. This study evaluated the effects of tillage practices on soil moisture conservation and crop yields in Mwala District, Eastern Kenya during the long rains (LR) and short rains (SR) of 2012/13. Six tillage systems: Disc plough (MB), Disc plough and harrowing (MBH), Ox-ploughing (OX), Subsoiling – ripping (SR), Hand hoe and Tied Ridges (HTR) and Hand hoe only (H) and, three cropping systems namely, sole maize, sole bean and maize - bean intercrop, were investigated in a split-plot design with four replicates. Data on soil water content was monitored at different weeks after planting and the crop yields at end of each growing season. A three-season average shows that soil water content and crop yields were higher in conventional tillage methods compared to the conservation tillage methods. Long term tillage experiments are thus required at different locations, under various environmental and soil conditions to validate the study findings.

Abstract 67: Effects of Single vs Dual Antiplatelet Therapy on Long Term Stroke and Death After Carotid Endarterectomy

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Belkin ◽  
Alexander S Fairman ◽  
Benjamin M Jackson ◽  
Paul J Foley ◽  
Scott M Damrauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Carotid Endarterectomy ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Antiplatelet Therapy ◽  
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
One Year

Introduction: Current evidence suggests that dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) reduces perioperative stroke, but increases bleeding after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The long term effects of antiplatelet therapy after CEA have yet to be studied. Methods: A retrospective review of patients undergoing CEA in the national Vascular Quality Initiative database (2003-2018) was performed. Based on antiplatelet regimen at discharge, patients were propensity score matched on aspirin monotherapy vs. DAPT. Multivariable logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to investigate the long term effects of antiplatelet regimen on mortality and stroke/TIA. Results: Of the 72,122 patients undergoing CEA, 64.6% were discharged on aspirin, and 35.4% on DAPT. The DAPT group had higher frequencies of comorbidities (COPD, HTN, CHF, smoking, diabetes) as well as atherosclerotic diseases (PAD, CAD, prior PCI, prior CABG). After propensity score matching, two groups of 8,722 patients with comparable comorbidities were formed. While unmatched Kaplan-Meier analysis showed the DAPT cohort to have higher mortality (p=0.001), this difference dissipated after matching. The resultant matched DAPT cohort did not differ from the aspirin group in one year stroke/TIA (1.7% vs. 1.6%, p=0.70), or mortality (3.1% vs. 3.3%, p=0.55). At 5 years, however, patients treated with DAPT did exhibit a mortality benefit (6.4% vs. 7.3%, p=0.02) with multivariable logistic regression identifying DAPT as an independent predictor of reduced mortality (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.88-0.99, p=0.04). Conclusions: Patients discharged on DAPT after CEA represent a significantly different cohort than those discharged on aspirin monotherapy. After propensity score matching, there was no difference at one year stroke/TIA or mortality outcomes, but DAPT was found to be protective against long-term mortality. Further study is warranted to investigate this finding.

Abstract 13947: The Acute and Long-term Effects of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation on Aortic Stiffness and Hemodynamics

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Gardikioti ◽  
Dimitrios Terentes-printzios ◽  
Konstantinos Aznaouridis ◽  
George Latsios ◽  
Gerasimos Siasos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve Implantation ◽  
One Year ◽  
Valve Implantation

Introduction: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a procedure that alters dramatically the hemodynamics in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis who undergo this procedure. Hypothesis: We investigated the hypothesis that arterial properties and hemodynamics are affected immediately after TAVI as well as in the long-term. Methods: We enrolled 90 patients (mean age 80.2 ± 8.1 years, 50% males) with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis undergoing TAVI. Carotid-femoral and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (cfPWV and baPWV) were used for the assessment of arterial stiffness. Augmentation index corrected for heart rate (AIx@75) and subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) were measured non-invasively. Measurements were conducted at baseline, after the procedure (during hospitalization) and at 1 year. Results: Acutely after TAVI we observed a statistically significant increase in arterial stiffness (7.5 ± 1.5 m/s vs 8.4 ± 1.9 m/s, p=0.001 for cfPWV and 1,773 ± 459 cm/s vs 2,383 ± 645 cm/s, p<0.001 for baPWV) without a concomitant change in systolic blood pressure (Figure). One year later, arterial stiffness was still increased compared to pre-TAVI measurements (7.5 ± 1.5 m/s vs 8.7 ± 1.7 m/s, p<0.001 for cfPWV and 1,773 ± 459 cm/s vs 2,286 ± 575 cm/s, p<0.001 for baPWV). We also found a decrease in AIx@75 (32.2 ± 12.9 % vs 27.9± 8.4 %, p=0.016) after TAVI that was attenuated at 1-year follow-up (32.2 ± 12.9 % vs 29.8± 9.1 %, p=0.38). SEVR displayed an increase acutely after TAVI (131.2 ± 30.0 % vs 148.4± 36.1 %, p=0.002) and remained improved 1 year after the procedure (131.2 ± 30.0 % vs 146± 32.2 %, p=0.01). Conclusions: In conclusion, shortly after TAVI the aorta exhibits a "stiffer" behavior in response to the acute change in hemodynamics, which settles in the long term. Our findings further elucidate the hemodynamic consequences of TAVI and may entail a prognostic role in this growing population.

The long-term effects of homeopathic treatment of chronic headaches: one year follow-up and single case time series analysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (02) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Walach ◽  
T Lowes ◽  
D Mussbach ◽  
U Schamell ◽  
W Springer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Homeopathic Treatment ◽  
Chronic Headaches ◽  
One Year

AbstractLittle is known about long-term effects of homeopathic treatment. Following a double-blind, placebo controlled trial of classical homeopathy in chronic headaches, we conducted a 1-year observational study of 18 patients following the double-blind phase, and a complete follow-up study of all trial participants. Eighteen patients received free treatment for daily diary data (frequency, intensity, duration of headaches) over the course of 1 y. All patients enrolled in the double-blind study were sent a 6-week headache diary, a follow-up questionnaire, a personality inventory and a complaint list. Eighty-seven, of the original 98 patients enrolled returned questionnaires, 81 returned diaries. There was no additional change from the end of the trial to the one-year follow-up. The improvement seen at the end of the 12-week trial was stable after 1 y. No differential effects according to treatment after the trial could be seen. Patients with no treatment following the trial had the most improvement after 1 y. Five of 18 patients can be counted responders according to ARIMA analysis of single-case time-series. Patients with double diagnoses and longer treatment duration tended to have clearer improvements than the rest of the patients. Approximately 30% of patients in homeopathic treatment will benefit after 1 y of treatment. There is no indication of a specific, or of a delayed effect of homeopathy.

Comparison of soil CO2 emissions from three different tillage methods on chernozem soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márton Dencső ◽  
Ágota Horel ◽  
Zsófia Bakacsi ◽  
Eszter Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tillage Methods

&lt;p&gt;Tillage practices influence soil CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions, hence many research investigate the long-term effects of conservation and conventional tillage methods e.g. ploughing and no-tillage on soil greenhouse gas emission.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The experiment site is an 18-years-old long-term tillage trial established on chernozem soil. During 2020, we took weekly CO&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;emission measurements in the mouldboard ploughing (MP), no-tillage (NT), and shallow cultivation (SC) treatments Tillage depth was 26-30 cm, 12-16 cm and 0 cm in the cases of MP, SC and NT respectively. The experiment was under wither oat cultivation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We investigated the similarity in the CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emission trends of SC to MP or NT treatments. Besides CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emission measurements, we also monitored environmental parameters such as soil temperature (Ts) and soil water content (SWC) in each treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;During the investigated year (2020 January - December) SC had higher annual mean CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emission (0.115&amp;#177;0.083 mg m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) compared to MP (0.099&amp;#177;0.089 mg m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) and lower compared to NT (0.119&amp;#177;0.100 mg m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;). The difference of the CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions was significant between SC and MP (p&lt;0.05); however, it was not significant between SC and NT (p&gt;0.05) treatments. The Ts dependency of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emission was moderate in all treatments. CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions were moderately depended on SWC in MP and SC, and there was no correlation between these parameters in NT.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The annual mean CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emission of the SC treatment was more similar to the NT, than to the MP treatment.&lt;/p&gt;

Soybean in Crop Rotation with Maize and Palisade Grass Intercropping Enhances the Long-term Effects of Surface Liming in No-till System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
João William Bossolani ◽  
Fabiana Lopes dos Santos ◽  
Hugo Henrique Andrade Meneghette ◽  
Izabela Rodrigues Sanches ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Moretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
No Till

Soil water dynamics and growth of perennial pasture species for dryland salinity control

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Lolicato
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics

Fortnightly soil water content measurements to a depth of 2.1 m under 4 cocksfoot cultivars, 2 phalaris cultivars, 2 lucerne cultivars and 1 Lotus corniculatus cultivar were used to compare soil profile drying and to define seasonal patterns of plant water use of the species over a 3-year period, on a duplex soil. Cultivars were also selected, within species groups, for varying seasonal growth patterns to assess this influence on soil water dynamics and growth. Over the 3-year period, treatments with the highest and lowest measures of profile soil water content were used to derive and compare values of maximum plant extractable water. Plots were maintained for a further 3 years, after which soil water content measurements in autumn were used to assess long-term effects of the treatments. The effect of seasonal growth patterns within a species was negligible; however, there were significant differences between species. Twenty-one months after pasture establishment, lucerne alone had a drying effect at 2.0 m depth and subsequently it consistently showed profiles with the lowest soil water content. Maximum plant extractable water was greatest for lucerne (230 mm), followed by phalaris (210 mm), Lotus corniculatus (200 mm) and cocksfoot (170 mm). Profiles with the lowest soil water content were associated with greater herbage growth and greater depths of water extraction. The soil water deficits developed by the treatments in autumn of the fourth year were similar to those measured in autumn of the seventh year, implying that a species-dependant equilibrium had been reached. Long-term rainfall data is used to calculate the probabilities of recharge occurring when rainfall exceeds maximum potential deficits for the different pasture species.

Long-term effects of empathy training in surgery residents: a one year follow-up study

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot Phillips ◽  
Aine Lorie ◽  
John Kelley ◽  
Stacy Gray ◽  
Helen Riess
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Empathy Training ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Booster Sessions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
One Year

Objectives: This study is a 1-year follow-up investigation of the retention of the knowledge, attitudes and skills acquired after empathy training.Methods: Eight otolaryngology residents completed 5 assessment measures before and after empathy training and at 1-year. They attended a 90-minute focus group assessing clinical usefulness of the training, attitudes and factors that affect empathy.Results: Qualitative analysis revealed a positive response to the training and application of skills to clinical practices. Quantitative analyses suggest improvement in empathy after training was maintained at 1-year follow-up (p = 0.05). Knowledge of the neurobiology and physiology of empathy remained significantly greater than before the training (p = 0.007). Conclusions: Qualitative data indicate that the training program was well-received and helpful and follow-up focus groups provided physicians with opportunities for self-reflection and support from peers. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that improvement in self-reported empathy and objective knowledge of the neurobiology of emotions persist at 1-year follow-up. Accordingly, we recommend that empathy training and follow-up booster sessions become a standard component of residency training.

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