scholarly journals Effects of Field Processing of Sorghum Grain on Popping Traits

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 839
Author(s):  
Mitchell Kent ◽  
William Rooney
Keyword(s):  
Impact Force ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Rubber Belt ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Harvest Moisture ◽  
Quality Measurements

Interest in the use of popped sorghum in food products has resulted in a niche market for sorghum hybrids with high popping quality but little work has been done to assess the relative effects of field processing methods of grain on popping quality. This study evaluated the relative effects of harvest moisture and threshing methods on the popping quality of sorghum grain. A grain sorghum hybrid with good popping quality was produced during two different years in Texas wherein it was harvested at two moisture levels (low and high) and grain was removed from panicles using five different threshing methods (hand, rubber belt, metal brushes and two metal concave bar systems). Years, harvest moisture content and threshing method influenced all three popping quality measurements (popping efficacy, expansion ratio and flake size), but threshing method had an order of magnitude larger effect than either moisture level or year. While many of the interactions were significant, they did not influence the general trends observed. As such, the threshing methods with less direct impact force on the grain (hand and rubber belt) had higher popping quality than those samples threshed with greater impact force on the grain (metal-based systems). The popping quality differences between threshing system are likely due to a reduction in kernel integrity caused by the impacts to the kernel that occurred while threshing the grain. The results herein indicate that field processing of the grain, notably threshing method has significant impacts on the popping quality and should be taken into consideration when grain sorghum is harvested for popping purposes.

scholarly journals Varietal differences of grain sorghum in the quality of spare grain polymers

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Ilya Anatolevich Kibkalo ◽  
Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Zhuk
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
The State ◽  
Sample Weight ◽  
Universal Variety ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Wheat Amylase

It is determined the number of drops in 34 samples of grain sorghum, as well as in wheat samples with 20% of the sample weight replaced by sorghum material. The attack capacity of grain sorghum starch was assessed by changing the number of drops when provoked by wheat amylase-active material. The state of the carbohydrate-amylase complex was evaluated by the value of the fall number, by its change when exposed to active amylases, and by the change in the fall number of wheat material when it was partially replaced with sorghum material. The state of the protein-proteinase complex was evaluated by the degree and nature of integration of biopolymers of sorghum grain with wheat gluten from grain from industrial sowing, through washing of gluten with the addition of ground sorghum grain and changes in the rheological properties of gluten. On the varietal material of grain sorghum, significant differences in the properties of spare grain polymers were revealed. Sorghum varieties with the potential to improve the properties of wheat flour in mixtures were identified. According to the complex of features, the most universal variety of grain sorghum for mixing with wheat material can be recognized as Cream. Its material did not respond to amylase provocation, moderately improved the low quality of wheat, demonstrated integration with gluten of various qualities, moderately strengthened weak and weakened strong gluten.

First flush effects in an urban catchment area in Aalborg

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Larsen ◽  
Kirsten Broch ◽  
Margit Riis Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Discharge Measurements ◽  
Quality Measurements

The paper describes the results of measurements from a 2 year period on a 95 hectare urban catchment in Aalborg, Denmark. The results of the rain/discharge measurements include 160 storm events corresponding to an accumulated rain depth of totally 753 mm. The water quality measurements include 15 events with time series of concentration of SS, COD, BOD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The quality parameters showed significant first flush effects. The paper discusses whether either the event average concentration or the accumulated event mass is the most appropriate way to characterize the quality of the outflow.

scholarly journals Fermentation of Whole Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) with Different Dry Matter Concentrations: Effect on the Apparent Total Tract Digestibility of Energy, Crude Nutrients and Minerals in Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1199
Author(s):  
Reinhard Puntigam ◽  
Julia Slama ◽  
Daniel Brugger ◽  
Karin Leitner ◽  
Karl Schedle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

This study investigated the effects of sorghum ensiled as whole grains with different dry matter concentrations on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy, crude nutrients and minerals in growing pigs. Whole grain sorghum batches with varying dry matter (DM) concentrations of 701 (S1), 738 (S2) and 809 g kg−1 (S3) due to different dates of harvest from the same arable plot, were stored in air-tight kegs (6 L) for 6 months to ensure complete fermentation. Subsequently, 9 crossbred barrows (34.6 ± 1.8 kg; (Duroc x Landrace) × Piétrain)) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square feeding experiment. Diets were based on the respective sorghum grain silage and were supplemented with additional amino acids, minerals and vitamins to meet or exceed published feeding recommendations for growing pigs. The ATTD of gross energy, dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen-free extracts, and crude ash were higher in S1 compared to S3 treatments (p ≤ 0.05), while S2 was intermediate. Pigs fed S1 showed significantly higher ATTD of phosphorus (P) compared to all other groups while ATTD of calcium was unaffected irrespective of the feeding regime. In conclusion, growing pigs used whole grain sorghum fermented with a DM concentration of 701 g kg−1 (S1) most efficiently. In particular, the addition of inorganic P could have been reduced by 0.39 g kg−1 DM when using this silage compared to the variant with the highest DM value (809 g kg−1).

Implementation of Digital Technologies Into the Educational Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 385-391
Author(s):  
Eva Panulinova ◽  
Slavka Harabinova ◽  
Renata Baskova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Planning Implementation

Revolutionary changes in society are linked to digital technologies and affect all areas of social life, not excluding construction industry. This requires not only knowledge reform, but above all skills reform. The current demand of practice is to increase the knowledge and competences of graduates of civil engineering faculties in the field of introduction and use of digital technologies in the process of planning, implementation, and maintenance of buildings, as well as to support the skills development of civil engineers in teamwork while using BIM technologies. The presented, currently implemented project contributes to meeting the above-described Practice Needs. The expected direct impact of the project is to increase the competitiveness, employability, and quality of life of graduates entering practice.

Microbial Quality of Ground Beef after Simulated Freezer Failure

1981 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
FATIMA S. ALI ◽  
FRANCES O. VANDUYNE
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Ground Meat ◽  
Frozen Foods ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Power Failure ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

Six lots of ground meat, obtained at intervals from a local supermarket, were frozen, and later held with other frozen foods in the freezer compartment of a refrigerator-freezer where power failure was simulated by unplugging the unit. Mean values for the counts (log10) of the beef as purchased were as follows: aerobic and psychrotrophic plate counts 6.35 and 6.66, respectively; presumptive coliforms 4.48; coagulase-positive staphylococci 4.67; and presumptive Clostridium perfringens 1.43. Presumptive salmonellae were detected in three of the six lots. Counts of the same order of magnitude as above were obtained after 7 days in the freezers, complete defrost of the meat and 6 h thereafter. Between 6 and 24 h, aerobic and psychrotrophic plate counts and numbers of coliforms and coagulase-positive staphylococci increased approximately 10-fold. Forty-eight hours after complete defrost, further increases in counts occurred. The appearance and aroma of the meat were acceptable 24 h after defrost; after 48 h, it would have been discarded because of browning, slime and off-odors.

A method of precise misorientation determination

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1319-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Morawiec
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Good Spatial Resolution ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Achievable Accuracy ◽  
Better Than

A method that improves the accuracy of misorientations determined from Kikuchi patterns is described. It is based on the fact that some parameters of a misorientation calculated from two orientations are more accurate than other parameters. A procedure which eliminates inaccurate elements is devised. It requires at least two foil inclinations. The quality of the approach relies on the possibility to set large sample-to-detector distances and the availability of good spatial resolution of transmission electron microscopy. Achievable accuracy is one order of magnitude better than the accuracy of the standard procedure.

scholarly journals Effect of Post-Process Curing and Washing Time on Mechanical Properties of mSLA Printouts

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 4856
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Nowacki ◽  
Paweł Kowol ◽  
Mateusz Kozioł ◽  
Piotr Olesik ◽  
Jakub Wieczorek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Process ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
High Roughness ◽  
Ambiguous Effect

The article discusses the influence of the post-process on the mechanical properties of elements produced with the use of the mask stereolithography (mSLA) method. Printed samples were subjected to the following post-process steps: Washing and post-curing, at various times. Then, static tensile and static bending tests were carried out, as well as Shore D hardness measurements for the inner and surface part of the sample, as well as profilographometric analysis of the surface. The post-curing time has been found to strongly affect the tensile and bending strength of printouts, and to improve their surface quality. Washing has an ambiguous effect on the strength of the printouts, but, in the end, it was found that extended washing slightly reduces the strength. Washing significantly affects the quality of the printout surface. A washing time that is too short results in a surface that strongly resembles the printing process, with high roughness. Increasing the washing time to 10 min lowers the roughness by one order of magnitude. Post-curing has also been shown to be beneficial for the cured sample with the application of shielding water. This approach results in an improvement in the flexural strength of the printouts. In general, the obtained research results indicate that, for printouts with cross-sectional dimensions of several mm, the optimal washing time is no more than 10 min and the post-curing time is at least 30 min.

scholarly journals Efficient gradient-based parameter estimation for dynamic models using qualitative data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Schmiester ◽  
Daniel Weindl ◽  
Jan Hasenauer
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Differential Equation Models ◽  
Gradient Calculation ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Gradient Based ◽  
Objective Function Values

AbstractMotivationUnknown parameters of dynamical models are commonly estimated from experimental data. However, while various efficient optimization and uncertainty analysis methods have been proposed for quantitative data, methods for qualitative data are rare and suffer from bad scaling and convergence.ResultsHere, we propose an efficient and reliable framework for estimating the parameters of ordinary differential equation models from qualitative data. In this framework, we derive a semi-analytical algorithm for gradient calculation of the optimal scaling method developed for qualitative data. This enables the use of efficient gradient-based optimization algorithms. We demonstrate that the use of gradient information improves performance of optimization and uncertainty quantification on several application examples. On average, we achieve a speedup of more than one order of magnitude compared to gradient-free optimization. Additionally, in some examples, the gradient-based approach yields substantially improved objective function values and quality of the fits. Accordingly, the proposed framework substantially improves the parameterization of models from qualitative data.AvailabilityThe proposed approach is implemented in the open-source Python Parameter EStimation TOolbox (pyPESTO). All application examples and code to reproduce this study are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4507613.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF SUPPLIER FAIRNESS PERCEPTION AND TRUST ON THE RELATIONSHIP QUALITY OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT SUPPLY CHAIN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
YU-LING SUN ◽  
ZE-YU ZHU ◽  
HUI YANG
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Fairness Perception ◽  
Supply Chain Relationships ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Agricultural Supply

Suppliers are important members of the agricultural product supply chain, and their behavior decisions may have a certain impact on the sustainable development of the agricultural product supply chain. From the perspective of agricultural product supplier trust, this paper studies the direct impact of agricultural product supplier trust on relationship quality and the indirect impact of supplier fairness perception on relationship quality. Based on the survey data of agricultural product suppliers, this paper uses the structural equation model method for empirical analysis. The analysis results show that fairness perception and trust perception have a significant positive impact on the quality of agricultural supply chain relationships, among which trust perception has a positive direct impact on the quality of agricultural supply chain relationships, while fairness perception has indirect influence on the quality of agricultural supply chain relationships through trust. In addition, information sharing, price satisfaction, income level and environmental certainty have a significant positive impact on suppliers’ fairness perception. Therefore, sellers comprehensively consider the fairness perception and trust perception of suppliers, which will help improve the relationship quality of the supply chain.

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