scholarly journals Citrus Varieties with Different Tolerance Grades to Tristeza Virus Show Dissimilar Volatile Terpene Profiles

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1120
Author(s):  
Salvatore Guarino ◽  
Loredana Abbate ◽  
Francesco Mercati ◽  
Sergio Fatta Del Bosco ◽  
Antonio Motisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Citrus Species ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Carrizo Citrange ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Citrus Volkameriana ◽  
Citrus Varieties ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Tristeza Virus

Plants produce considerable amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with several biological functions, including protection against biotic agents such as viruses and their vectors. In citrus species, these metabolites can be related with their different susceptibility/tolerance toward the Tristeza virus (CTV), one of the main biotic constraints for the citrus industry. The objective of this study was to compare the VOCs pattern from the leaves of a CTV-susceptible citrus variety such as Citrus aurantium and from three CTV-tolerant varieties: Citrus volkameriana, Carrizo citrange, and Forner-Alcaide no. 5. The VOCs emitted were analyzed via the headspace SPME method, while plant metabolites sequestered in the leaves were analyzed by heptane extraction followed by GC-MS. The results indicated that the majority of the VOCs emitted and sequestered in the leaves of the varieties tolerant and susceptible to CTV are constituted mainly by volatile terpenes (VTs) that exhibit strong qualitative/quantitative differences among the profiles of the four citrus species. In detail, the VOC emission indicated different patterns between C. aurantium and C. volkameriana and from both of them in comparison with Forner-Alcaide no. 5 and Carrizo citrange that exhibited more similarities, with the last two characterized by a higher presence of sesquiterpenes. The data obtained from the analysis of the VOCs sequestered in leaf tissues of the CTV-tolerant varieties indicated a higher presence of monoterpenes such as limonene, α-pinene, and p-cymene, known to be the main components of several plant extracts showing deterrent properties toward viruses and insect vectors. As VOC evaluation is a fast and noninvasive measure of phenotypic dynamics, allowing the association of plant phenotypes in accordance to plant disease resistance and/or stress tolerance, the possible implications of such differences in terms of tolerance grade to CTV and/or its related vectors are discussed.

scholarly journals Woody Gall symptoms in different citrus species and varieties artificially colonized by the citrus brown aphid Toxoptera citricidus

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
SERGIO A. CARVALHO ◽  
GERD W. MÜLLER ◽  
JORGINO POMPEU JR ◽  
JAIRO LOPES DE CASTRO
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Citrus Species ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Carrizo Citrange ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Virus Complex ◽  
Citrus Volkameriana

Seedlings of 41 different citrus species and varieties were massively colonized with the citrus brown aphid Toxoptera citricidus, obtained from Pêra sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) trees, presenting symptoms of the "Capão Bonito" complex of the Citrus tristeza virus (CTV). The objective was to evaluate resistance or tolerance of the varieties to that virus complex, but even after eight months of inoculation no stem pitting was observed in the plants. Otherwise, the presence of galls similar to those induced by the vein enation-woody gall disease was observed in 73% of the plants of Volkamer Palermo (Citrus volkameriana), 60% of the Volkamer Catania 2, 2% of the Rangpur Lime D.22.30 (Citrus limonia), 13% of the Volkamer Australian Red, the Rangpur Lime hybrid, the Orlando tangelo (Citrus reticulata x Citrus paradisi) and the Florida Rough lemon (C. jambhiri), and 7% of the Carrizo citrange (Poncirus trifoliata x Citrus sinensis). The highest incidence and the largest gall size were observed in the Palermo Volkamer showing that this clone would be the most suitable to be used as an indicator plant in biological indexing tests for the disease. There are no previous reports in the literature about the occurrence of woody galls in Orlando tangelo and Carrizo citrange.

scholarly journals First Report from Syria of Citrus tristeza virus in Citrus spp.

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 1468-1468
Author(s):  
R. Abou Kubaa ◽  
K. Djelouah ◽  
A. M. D'Onghia ◽  
R. Addante ◽  
M. Jamal
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
First Report ◽  
Mexican Lime ◽  
Vein Clearing ◽  
Citrus Varieties ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

During the spring of 2006, the main Syrian citrus-growing areas of Lattakia (Jableh, Aledyye, Eseelya, Siano, and Hresoon provinces) and Tartous (Almintar, Aljammase, Karto, Majdaloonelbahr, Yahmour, Amreet, Althawra, and Safita provinces) were surveyed to assess the presence of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV). Eight nurseries (approximately 130 plants per nursery), two budwood source fields (approximately 230 trees per field), and 19 groves (approximately 60 trees per grove) containing the main citrus varieties were visually inspected and sampled for serological assays. The hierarchical sampling method was carried out in each selected grove (2). Infected samples were collected from two nurseries, two budwood source fields, and six groves. Stems and leaf petioles from nursery trees and flower explants from the groves were collected and analyzed for CTV by direct tissue blot immunoassay (DTBIA) with the commercial kit from Plantprint (Valencia, Spain). Of 2,653 samples tested, 89 (4%) CTV-infected plants were detected. Five citrus varieties were found to be infected and Meyer lemon (Citrus limon ‘Meyer’) had the highest incidence at 16%. Numerous sweet orange varieties (Citrus sinensis L.) were found to be highly infected in the field, but only the Washington navel sweet orange was found to be infected in the nurseries. No clear CTV symptoms were observed during the survey. Samples that were positive for CTV by DTBIA were also positive by biological indexing on Mexican lime (C. aurantifolia) and immunocapture-reverse transcription-PCR as described by Nolasco et al. (3). Coat protein gene sequences obtained from five selected clones of a Syrian CTV isolate (GenBank Accession No. EU626555) showed more than 99 and 98% nucleotide sequence identity to a Jordanian CTV isolate (GenBank Accession No. AY550252) and the VT isolate (GenBank Accession No. U56902), respectively. Almost all infected samples induced moderate vein clearing symptoms when grafted to Mexican lime. Symptoms of vein clearing, leaf cupping, stunting, and stem pitting on Mexican lime were induced by graft transmission of CTV from one Valencia sample from the Tartous area. The viral inoculum is widely and randomly distributed in commercial groves, especially in the southern Tartous area and in some nurseries. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CTV in Syria. However, CTV was reported from the neighboring citrus-growing countries of Lebanon, Turkey, and Jordan (1), and the severe seedling yellows strain is present in this area, which poses a potential threat to Syrian citriculture. References: (1) G. H. Anfoka et al. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 44:17, 2005. (2) G. Hughes and T. R. Gottwald, Phytopathology 88:715, 1998. (3) G. Nolasco et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 108:293, 2002.

scholarly journals Citrus tristeza virus: a pathogen that changed the course of the citrus industry

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEDRO MORENO ◽  
SILVIA AMBRÓS ◽  
MARIA R. ALBIACH-MARTÍ ◽  
JOSÉ GUERRI ◽  
LEANDRO PEÑA
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

scholarly journals 004 Root Application of Potassium Silicate Reduce Feeding Damage to Sargent Crabapple Leaf Tissues by Adult Japanese Beetles

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 441C-441
Author(s):  
A.M. Shirazi ◽  
F.D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Potassium Silicate ◽  
Ion Leakage ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Fall Webworm ◽  
Silicon Nutrition

Research on silicon nutrition has shown an increase in plant disease resistance to powdery mildew and pythium in some species, such as roses and cucumbers. However, the role of silicon for protecting plants from other stresses e.g., heat, drought, insects, etc., are not known. Two-year-old Sargent Crabapple Malus sargentii seedlings were subjected to 4 continuous days of 100 ml root application of potassium silicate at the rate of 0, 100, 200, and 400 ppm in Aug. 1998. After 3 days post-treatment, three detached leaves were placed in each of three petri dishes along with one adult female Japanese beetle (n = 3/concentrations) for 7 days. Potassium silicate at 100 ppm concentration significantly reduced percent leaf tissue eaten by adult Japanese beetles. There was not any statistical difference between control, 200, and 400 ppm application. The ion leakage of stem tissues of 100 and 200 ppm-treated plants were significantly lower than the control and 400 ppm. These lower ion leakage effects were also observed with red-osier dogwood stem tissues at 100 ppm. In a companion study fall webworm larvae were also exposed to the same above concentrations and treatments. There was not a significant effect of potassium pilicate on percent leaf tissue eaten by fall webworm larvae, suggesting that there may be differences between major groups of leaf-feeding insects. Leaf and root tissue analysis for Ca, K, Mg, Na, and Si will be reported.

scholarly journals (262) Screening Citrus Germplasm for Resistance to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Citri

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1048E-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg McCollum ◽  
Kim Bowman ◽  
Tim Gottwald
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Citrus Species ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Xanthomonas Axonopodis ◽  
Citrus Germplasm ◽  
Citrus Bacterial Canker ◽  
Key Lime ◽  
Needle Prick

Citrus bacterial canker [causal agent Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac)] is a serious threat to the citrus industry. Currently, there are no effective means to control citrus canker. Our objective was to determine the resistance of selected citrus species, citrus hybrids, and citrus relatives to Xac. Our first experiment focused on determining if differences in resistance exist among 20 C. reticulata genotypes and included three other citrus species and citrus relatives (Glycosmis pentaphylla and Clausena hardimandiana). Plants were inoculated with Xac strain A either by injection infiltration or needle-prick. Our second experiment included 10 members of the genus Citrus and Poncirus trifoliata, representing a total of 31 different selections. Plants were needle-prick inoculated with both Xac strain A and Xac strain A Wellington (AW). All inoculations were done using suspensions of Xac at a concentration of 104 cfu/mL. In both experiments, there were highly significant differences among genotypes in response to inoculation with Xac. In the first experiment, regardless of inoculation method, G. pentaphylla and C. hardimandiana were found to be highly resistant to Xac, whereas C. paradisi was least resistant. In the second experiment for both Xac strain A and AW, Chinotto sour orange, Carrizo citrange, Eustis limequat, and P. trifoliata were the most resistant. Thornless key lime × Meiwa kumquat hybrids showed a range of resistance from among the most susceptible to among the most resistant. Our results expand on previous studies on resistance of citrus and citrus relatives to Xac and indicate that there may be potential for increasing resistance by breeding using selected parents.

scholarly journals First Report of Citrus tristeza virus in Greece

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dimou ◽  
J. Drossopoulou ◽  
E. Moschos ◽  
C. Varveri ◽  
F. Bem
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
First Report ◽  
Vein Clearing ◽  
Carrizo Citrange ◽  
Sweet Lime ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Propagation Material ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

Large-scale surveys of Citrus spp. for the presence of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) by the Ministry of Agriculture in Greece began in 1995. Over 26,000 trees have been tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoprinting (2). In summer 2000, the first CTV-infected sweet orange cv. Lane Late tree grafted on CTV-tolerant Carrizo citrange was found in Argolis County, Peloponnese. This tree belonged to a batch of CAC propagation material (20 trees) illegally introduced from Spain in 1994, which was subsequently traced and found to be infected (45%). A follow-up search of trees grafted with the above material was undertaken in the two concerned regions (Argolis and Chania-Crete), and more than 3,500 trees have been removed. Extensive surveys continue to identify and destroy new infections. Few cases (15 of 16,800) of natural transmission to cultivars other than cv. Lane Late have been found. All of these have been close to the initially infected trees in the Argolis area. Surveys in spring 2001 were extended to certified propagation material of Clemenpons mandarin on Carrizo citrange imported from Spain, and 7 of 1,038 plants were infected (0.64%). The virus was successfully graft-transmitted to sweet orange cv. Madame Vinous and sweet lime seedlings, where it was identified by immunoprinting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (1). Mild vein clearing symptoms appeared on both indicators. Vein clearing on sweet lime was also accompanied by leaf cupping. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CTV in Greece. References: (1) A. Sambade et al. J. Virol. Methods 87:25, 2000. (2) C. Vela et al. J. Gen. Virol. 67:91, 1986.

scholarly journals A High-Resolution Linkage Map of the Citrus Tristeza Virus Resistance Gene Region in Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 883-890
Author(s):  
D Q Fang ◽  
C T Federici ◽  
M L Roose
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

Abstract Resistance to citrus tristeza virus (CTV) was evaluated in 554 progeny of 10 populations derived from Poncirus trifoliata. A dominant gene (Ctv) controlled CTV resistance in P. trifoliata. Twenty-one dominant PCR-based DNA markers were identified as linked to Ctv by bulked segregant analysis. Of the 11 closest markers to Ctv, only 2 segregated in all populations. Ten of these markers were cloned and sequenced, and codominant RFLP markers were developed. Seven RFLP markers were then evaluated in 10 populations. Marker orders were consistent in all linkage maps based on data of single populations or on combined data of populations with similar segregation patterns. In a consensus map, the six closest marker loci spanned 5.3 cM of the Ctv region. Z16 cosegregated with Ctv. C19 and AD08 flanked Ctv at distances of 0.5 and 0.8 cM, respectively. These 3 markers were present as single copies in the Poncirus genome, and could be used directly for bacterial artificial chromosome library screening to initiate a walk toward Ctv. BLAST searches of the GenBank database revealed high sequence similarities between 2 markers and known plant disease resistance genes, indicating that a resistance gene cluster exists in the Ctv region in P. trifoliata.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document