scholarly journals Short-Term Effects of Spent Mushroom Substrate Mulching Thickness on the Soil Environment, Weed Suppression, Leaf Nutrients, and Nut Characteristics in a Hazelnut Orchard

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1122
Author(s):  
Zhong Ma ◽  
Yun-Qi Zhang ◽  
Lu-Jun Wang ◽  
Guang-Long Hu ◽  
Xiao-Qiang Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Spent Mushroom Substrate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Available N ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Nutrients ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency

Worldwide, a huge amount of solid fermented waste is produced every year during mushroom production. The rational utilization of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is conducive to environmental protection and the sustainable development of agriculture. The aims of this work were to analyze the effects of the SMS mulching thickness on the soil environment, weed suppression, leaf nutrients, and nut traits in a hazelnut plantation and provide a theoretical basis for the scientific and reasonable utilization of SMS. An SMS mulching experiment with four mulching thickness treatments (MT1: 5 cm, MT2: 10 cm, MT3: 15 cm, and CK: 0 cm) was conducted in a semi-arid area of North China in 2019. The soil properties, weed control efficiency, leaf nutrient content, and nut yield and quality characteristics of these treatments were all measured and analyzed. The results showed that (1) the average soil temperatures of MT2 and MT3 at different soil depths were 0.73–1.78 °C and 1.18–2.50 °C lower than when no mulch was used in warm weather and 0.67–1.05 °C and 0.99–1.56 °C higher than when no mulch was used in cold weather. The average soil moisture content of MT1, MT2, and MT3 at different soil depths was 6.27–8.13%, 10.66–17.23%, and 7.26–12.81% higher than that of CK, respectively. There were no significant differences in the soil bulk density or porosity among the four treatments. The average soil nutrient contents (soil organic matter and available N, P, and K) of MT1, MT2, and MT3 were 7.05–15.23%, 14.90–38.93%, and 17.42–40.11% higher than those of CK, respectively. Soil enzymatic activities of these treatments followed the order MT3 ≈ MT2 > MT1 > CK. (2) MT2 and MT3 both had high levels of weed control efficiency: 55.66–92.93% and 70.43–97.90%, respectively. (3) The leaf N, P, K, and SPAD increased significantly under MT2 and MT3 by about 10% compared with the CK. (4) MT2 effectively increased the nut size, nut and kernel mass, and crude fat content of the nut (CFC). In general, the short-term field experiment clearly showed that SMS is a superior mulching material for improving the soil environment and plant growth, and 10 cm thickness is suitable for mulching practice.

Topramezone: A selective post-emergence herbicide in chickpea for higher weed control efficiency and crop productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 105814
Author(s):  
C.P. Nath ◽  
Narendra Kumar ◽  
K.K. Hazra ◽  
C.S. Praharaj ◽  
S.S. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency

Optimizing the Application Time of Pre-emergence Herbicide Pendimethalin and Oxyfluorfen Application for Effective Weed Management in Irrigated Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) and Its Residue Persistence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Selvakumar ◽  
R. Ajaykumar ◽  
A. Ammaiyappan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency

Background: Time of pre-emergence herbicide application is an important factor that decides the efficiency of herbicide. If the pre-emergence herbicide is not applied at appropriate time, it may cause ineffective weed control or toxicity to crops. With this background, a field experiment was conducted at TNAU, Madurai to optimize the time of pre-emergence herbicides namely pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen application for effective weed management in irrigated blackgram. Methods: The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replication. Treatments were application of pendimethalin at 0.75 kg ha-1 and oxyfluorfen at 0.2 kg ha-1 on 1, 2, 3, 4 days after sowing, weed free check and unweeded check. Result: Results of the study revealed that oxyfluorfen gave maximum weed control efficiency as compared to pendimethalin, but toxicity to the crop was observed when oxyfluorfen was sprayed after 2 days of sowing. Yield and economics were achieved higher with application of 0.75 kg ha-1 of pendimethalin at 2 DAS, which was on par with application of 0.2 kg ha-1 of oxyfluorfen at 1 DAS due to lesser toxicity. Application of 0.75 kg ha-1 of pendimethalin and 0.2 kg ha-1 of oxyfluorfen didn’t leave any herbicide residue after harvest. Hence, application of 0.75 kg ha-1 of pendimethalin at 2 DAS and 0.2 kg ha-1 of oxyfluorfen at 1 DAS can be recommended for effective weed management in irrigated balckgram.

Herbicide selectivity on macauba seedlings and weed control efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 112725
Author(s):  
Yanna Karoline Santos da Costa ◽  
Francisco Cláudio Lopes de Freitas ◽  
Hellen Martins da Silveira ◽  
Roxana Stefane Mendes Nascimento ◽  
Carlos Sigueyuki Sediyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency

Effect of weed management and fertility levels on productivity of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.)Taub]

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clusterbean . ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Imazethapyr . ◽  
Pendimethalin . ◽  
Weed Management
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Hand Weeding

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif seasons of 2014 and 2015 at Udaipur (Rajasthan) to find out the effect of weed management on productivity of clusterbean under varying fertility levels. The results revealed that among various weed management practices, two hand weeding 20 and 40 DAS recorded significantly lower weed dry matter, higher weed control efficiency, higher values of yield attributes, seed, haulm and biological yield during both the years over rest of the treatments except sequential application of pendimethalin fb imazethapyr which was statistically at par. Further, application of Imazethapyr fb hand weeding and pendimethalin fb hand weeding also gave comaparable results with pendimethalin fb imazethapyr in terms of weed control efficiency and yields. Among the fertility levels application 20 Kg N + 40 Kg P2O5 ha-1 significantly increased pods plant-1 (24.04), seeds pod-1, (7.12), test weight ( 25.33 g), seed ( 1035 kg ha-1), haulm (2161 kg ha-1) and biological (3196 kg ha-1 ) yield and harvest index ( 31.98 %) of clusterbean over 10 Kg N + 20 Kg P2O5 ha-1 however, it was found statistically at par with fertility level 30 Kg N + 60 Kg P2O5 ha-1. Therefore, clusterbean should be fertilized with 20 Kg N + 40 Kg P2O5 ha-1 and weeds must be controlled with pendimethalin (PE) fb imazethapyr 0.1 kg ha-1 20 DAS .

scholarly journals Weed Control Efficiency of Some Herbicides in Upland Rice Ecology of Kano State Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Munir Abdulmumin Yawale ◽  
Muhammad Sani Garko ◽  
Kabiru Dauda Dawaki ◽  
Muhammad Auwal Hussaini
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency

scholarly journals Effect of herbicides on weed control efficiency (WCE) and yield attributes in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Mr. Shivalingappa S. Bangi ◽  
◽  
Dr. Eugenia P. Lal ◽  
Mr. Santosh S.Bangi ◽  
Mr.Umesh T. Sattigeri
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency

scholarly journals Weed dynamics, weed control efficiency and yield of aerobic rice as influenced by different weed management practices in eastern U.P.

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1735-1740
Author(s):  
R.K. Parihar ◽  
◽  
V.K. Srivastava ◽  
S. Kumar ◽  
V. Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Aerobic Rice ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency ◽  
Broad Leaf

Aim: To identify the best sequence of pre- and post-emergence herbicides for achieving better weed control efficiency in aerobic rice. Methodology: A field experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with eleven treatment combinations, replicated thrice.? The dominant weeds in field were C. dactylon, E. colona and E. crusgalli among grasses, C. rotundus, C. difformis and F. maliaceae among sedges and C. axillaris and P. niruri among broad-leaf weeds. Treatments consisting sequential application of two pre-emergence application [Pendimethalin (30 EC) @ 1.00 kg a.i. ha-1; Butachlor (50 EC) @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1] followed by three post emergence herbicides [Bispyribac-Na (10% SC) @ 35 g a.i. ha-1; 2, 4-D Na salt (80 WP) @ 0.06 kg a.i. ha-1; Almix (CME + MSM ) (20 WP) @ 40 g a.i. ha-1] and straw mulching @ 4 t ha-1;? Mechanical weeding at 20 and 45 DAS, weed free and unweeded check.? Results: Among herbicidal treatments, pre-emergence application of pendimethalin at 3-4 DAS fb Bispyribac-Na at 15-20 DAS as post-emergence was most effective in minimizing weed density (4.81 m-2), biomass (6.20 g m-2), weed index (1.11%) and in enhancing the weed control efficiency (84.50%), grain yield (3.68 t ha-1) and straw yield (4.87 t ha-1) over rest of the treatments. Interpretation: Sequential application of pendimethalin at 3-4 DAS fb bispyribac-Na at 15-20 DAS is prominent in enhancing herbicide efficacy and reducing weed flora abundance resulting in higher weed control efficiency and grain yield due to their broad spectrum weed control.

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