scholarly journals Effects of Intermittent Mild Cold Stimulation on mRNA Expression of Immunoglobulins, Cytokines, and Toll-Like Receptors in the Small Intestine of Broilers

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1492
Author(s):  
Shuang Li ◽  
Jianhong Li ◽  
Yanhong Liu ◽  
Chun Li ◽  
Runxiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Cold Stimulation ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Appropriate cold stimulation can improve immune function and stress tolerance in broilers. In order to investigate the effect of intermittent mild cold stimulation on the intestinal immunity of broilers, 240 healthy one-day-old Ross 308 chickens were randomly divided into three groups: the control group (CC) housed in climatic chambers under usual rearing ambient temperature with a gradual 3.5 °C decrease per week; group II (C3) and group III (C6) to which cold stimulation at 3 °C below the temperature used in CC was applied every two days for 3 and 6 h, respectively, from day 15 to 35, and at the same temperature used in CC from day 35 to 43. The mRNA expression levels of immunoglobulins (IgA and IgG), cytokines (IL2, IL6, IL8, IL17, and IFNγ), and Toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, and TLR21) were investigated in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum tissue samples on days 22, 29, 35, and 43. From day 15 to 35, mRNA expression of IL2 and IFNγ was increased in the intestine of broilers. After one week of cold stimulation on day 43, mRNA levels of immunoglobulins, cytokines, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) stabilized. Collectively, the findings indicate that cold stimulation at 3 °C below the usual rearing temperature had a positive impact on intestinal immunity of broilers.

scholarly journals Antiviral Effect of Hyunggaeyungyo-Tang on A549 Cells Infected with Human Coronavirus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Seo-Young Won ◽  
In-Chan Seol ◽  
Ho-Ryong Yoo ◽  
Yoon-Sik Kim
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inos Mrna ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Background. Herbal medicine is widely recommended to treat viral infectious diseases. Over 123,000,000 individuals have been infected with the coronavirus since a worldwide pandemic was declared in March 2020. We conducted this research to confirm the potential of herbal medicine as a treatment for coronavirus. Methods. We infected the A549 cell line with betacoronavirus OC43 and then treated it with 100 μg/mL Hyunggaeyungyo-tang (HGYGT) or distilled water with a control of HGYGT. We measured the mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines and interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) to confirm the effectiveness of HGYGT upon coronavirus infection. Results. We found that the effects of HYGYT decrease the expression level of pPKR, peIF2α, IFI6, IFI44, IFI44L, IFI27, IRF7, OASL, and ISG15 when administered to cells with coronavirus infection. The expressions of IL-1, TNF-α, COX-2, NF-κB, iNOS, and IKK mRNA were also significantly decreased in the HGYGT group than in the control group. Conclusion. Through the reduction of the amount of coronavirus RNA, our research indicates that HGYGT has antiviral effects. The reduction of IKK and iNOS mRNA levels indicate that HGYGT reduces coronavirus RNA expression and may inhibit the replication of coronavirus by acting on NF-kB/Rel pathways to protect oxidative injury. In addition, decreases in mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines indicate that the HGYGT may relieve the symptoms of coronavirus infections.

scholarly journals Antiviral Effect of Hyunggaeyungyo-tang on A549 Cells Infected with Human Coronavirus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seo young Won ◽  
In-Chan Seol ◽  
Ho-Ryong Yoo ◽  
Yoon-Sik Kim
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inos Mrna ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Background. Herbal medicine is widely recommended to treat viral infectious diseases. Over 123,000,000 individuals have been infected with the coronavirus since a worldwide pandemic was declared in March 2020. We conducted this research to confirm the potential of herbal medicine as a treatment for coronavirus. Methods. We infected the A549 cell line with beta coronavirus OC43 then treated with 100 μg/mL Hyunggaeyungyo-tang (HGYGT) or distilled water with a control of HGYGT. We measured the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) to confirm the effectiveness of HGYGT upon coronavirus infection. Results. We found the effects of HYGYT decrease the expression level of pPKR, peIF2α, IFI6, IFI44, IFI44L, IFI27, IRF7, OASL and ISG15 when administered to cells with coronavirus infection. The expressions of IL-1, TNF-α, COX-2, NF-κB, iNOS and IKK mRNA were also significantly decreased in the HGYGT group than in the control group. Conclusion. Through the reduction of the amount of coronavirus RNA, our research indicates that HGYGT has antiviral effects. The reduction of IKK and iNOS mRNA levels indicate that HGYGT reduces coronavirus RNA expression and may inhibits the replication of coronavirus by acting on NF-kB/Rel pathways to protect oxidative injury. In addition, decreases in mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines indicate that the HGYGT may relieve the symptoms of coronavirus infections.

scholarly journals Penthorum chinense Pursh Compound Ameliorates AFB1-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis via Modulation of Mitochondrial Pathways in Broiler Chicken Kidneys

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weilai Tao ◽  
Zhenzhen Li ◽  
Fazul Nabi ◽  
Yu Hu ◽  
Zeyu Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Penthorum Chinense ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a carcinogenic mycotoxin widely present in foods and animal feeds; it represents a great risk to human and animal health. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of Penthorum chinense Pursh compound (PCPC) against AFB1-induced damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis via mitochondrial pathways in kidney tissues of broilers. One-day-old chickens (n = 180) were randomly allocated to six groups: control, AFB1 (2.8 mg AFB1/kg feed), positive drug (10 mLYCHT/kg feed), and PCPC high, medium, and low-dose groups (15, 10, and 5 ml PCPC/kg feed, respectively). AFB1 treatment reduced weight gain and induced oxidative stress and kidney damage in broiler tissues; however, PCPC supplementation effectively enhanced broiler performance, ameliorated AFB1-induced oxidative stress, and inhibited apoptosis in the kidneys of broilers. The mRNA expression levels of mitochondria-related apoptosis genes (Bax, Bak, cytochrome c, caspase-9, and caspase-3) were significantly increased, whereas BCL2 expression level decreased in the AFB1 group. Supplementation of PCPC to the AFB1 group significantly reversed the changes in mRNA expression levels of these apoptosis-associated genes compared to those in the AFB1 group. The mRNA levels of NRF2 and HMOX1 in the kidneys of the AFB1 group were significantly reduced compared to those in the control group, whereas PCPC significantly increased the NRF2 and HMOX1 mRNA levels. AFB1 decreased the levels of Beclin1, LC3-I, and LC3-II and increased P53 levels in the kidney compared to those in the control, whereas PCPC significantly reversed these changes to normal levels of autophagy-related genes compared to those in the AFB1 group. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that PCPC ameliorated AFB1-induced oxidative stress by regulating the expression of apoptosis-related genes and mitochondrial pathways. Our results suggest that PCPC represents a natural and safe agent for preventing AFB1-induced injury and damage in broiler tissues.

scholarly journals Arginase Isoform Expression in Chronic Rhinosinusitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Vlad ◽  
Silviu Albu
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Endoscopic View ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Arginase I

Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important regulator of upper airway inflammation, mainly as part of the local naso-sinusal defense mechanisms. Increased arginase activity can reduce NO levels by decreasing the availability of its precursor, L-arginine. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has been associated with low levels of nasal nitric oxide (nNO). Thus, the present study investigates the activity of arginase I (ARG1) and II (ARG2) in CRS and its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of this disease. Under endoscopic view, tissue samples of pathologic (n = 36) and normal (n = 29) rhinosinusal mucosa were collected. Arginase I and II mRNA levels were measured using real-time PCR. Our results showed low arginase I activity in all samples. The levels of ARG2 were significantly higher in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis compared to the control group (fold regulation (FR) 2.22 ± 0.42 vs. 1.31 ± 0.21, p = 0.016). Increased ARG2 expression was found in patients with CRS without nasal polyposis (FR 3.14 ± 1.16 vs. 1.31 ± 0.21, p = 0.0175), in non-allergic CRS (FR 2.55 ± 0.52 vs. 1.31 ± 0.21, p = 0.005), and non-asthmatic CRS (FR 2.42 ± 0.57 vs. 1.31 ± 0.21, p = 0.028). These findings suggest that the upregulation of ARG2 may play a role in the pathology of a distinctive phenotype of CRS.

scholarly journals Ex vivo mRNA expression of toll-like receptors during latent tuberculosis infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Birhan Alemnew ◽  
Soren T. Hoff ◽  
Tamrat Abebe ◽  
Markos Abebe ◽  
Abraham Aseffa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Latently Infected ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Latent Tb Infection

Abstract Background Understanding immune mechanisms, particularly the role of innate immune markers during latent TB infection remains elusive. The main objective of this study was to evaluate mRNA gene expression patterns of toll-like receptors (TLRs) as correlates of immunity during latent TB infection and further infer their roles as potential diagnostic biomarkers. Methods Messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were analysed in a total of 64 samples collected from apparently healthy children and adolescents latently infected with tuberculosis (n = 32) or non-infected (n = 32). Relative expression in peripheral blood of selected genes encoding TLRs (TLR-1, TLR-2, TLR-4, TLR-6 and TLR-9) was determined with a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) using specific primers and florescent labelled probes and a comparative threshold cycle method to define fold change. Data were analysed using Graph-Pad Prism 7.01 for Windows and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results An increased mean fold change in the relative expression of TLR-2 and TLR-6 mRNA was observed in LTBI groups relative to non-LTBI groups (p < 0.05), whereas a slight fold decrease was observed for TLR-1 gene. Conclusions An increased mRNA expression of TLR-2 and TLR-6 was observed in latently infected individuals relative to those non-infected, possibly indicating the roles these biomarkers play in sustenance of the steady state interaction between the dormant TB bacilli and host immunity.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study towards the Impact of Type 2 Diabetes on the Expression and Activities of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters in Human Duodenum

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Gravel ◽  
Benoit Panzini ◽  
Francois Belanger ◽  
Jacques Turgeon ◽  
Veronique Michaud
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Drug Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Duodenal Biopsies ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

To characterize effects of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on mRNA expression levels for 10 Cytochromes P450 (CYP450s), two carboxylesterases, and three drug transporters (ABCB1, ABCG2, SLCO2B1) in human duodenal biopsies. To compare drug metabolizing enzyme activities of four CYP450 isoenzymes in duodenal biopsies from patients with or without T2D. mRNA levels were quantified (RT-qPCR) in human duodenal biopsies obtained from patients with (n = 20) or without (n = 16) T2D undergoing a scheduled gastro-intestinal endoscopy. CYP450 activities were determined following incubation of biopsy homogenates with probe substrates for CYP2B6 (bupropion), CYP2C9 (tolbutamide), CYP2J2 (ebastine), and CYP3A4/5 (midazolam). Covariables related to inflammation, T2D, demographic, and genetics were investigated. T2D had no major effects on mRNA levels of all enzymes and transporters assessed. Formation rates of metabolites (pmoles mg protein−1 min−1) determined by LC-MS/MS for CYP2C9 (0.48 ± 0.26 vs. 0.41 ± 0.12), CYP2J2 (2.16 ± 1.70 vs. 1.69 ± 0.93), and CYP3A (5.25 ± 3.72 vs. 5.02 ± 4.76) were not different between biopsies obtained from individuals with or without T2D (p > 0.05). No CYP2B6 specific activity was measured. TNF-α levels were higher in T2D patients but did not correlate with any changes in mRNA expression levels for drug metabolizing enzymes or transporters in the duodenum. T2D did not modulate expression or activity of tested drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters in the human duodenum. Previously reported changes in drug oral clearances in patients with T2D could be due to a tissue-specific disease modulation occurring in the liver and/or in other parts of the intestines.

scholarly journals Synaptotagmin 13 Is Highly Expressed in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 4080-4092
Author(s):  
Takahiro Ichikawa ◽  
Masahiro Shibata ◽  
Takahiro Inaishi ◽  
Ikumi Soeda ◽  
Mitsuro Kanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Pcr Array ◽  
Array Analysis ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Er Positive ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Background: Accumulating evidence indicates tumor-promoting roles of synaptotagmin 13 (SYT13) in several cancers; however, no studies have investigated its expression in breast cancer (BC). This study aimed to clarify the significance of SYT13 in BC. Methods: SYT13 mRNA expression levels were evaluated in BC cell lines. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array analysis was conducted to determine the correlation between expression levels of SYT13 and other tumor-associated genes. Then, the association of SYT13 expression levels in the clinical BC specimens with patients’ clinicopathological factors was evaluated. These findings were subsequently validated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Results: Among 13 BC cell lines, estrogen receptor (ER)-positive cells showed higher SYT13 mRNA levels than ER-negative cells. PCR array analysis revealed positive correlations between SYT13 and several oncogenes predominantly expressed in ER-positive BC, such as estrogen receptor 1, AKT serine/threonine kinase 1, and cyclin-dependent kinases 4. In 165 patients, ER-positive specimens exhibited higher SYT13 mRNA expression levels than ER-negative specimens. The TCGA database analysis confirmed that patients with ER-positive BC expressed higher SYT13 levels than ER-negative patients. Conclusion: This study suggests that SYT13 is highly expressed in ER-positive BC cells and clinical specimens, and there is a positive association of SYT13 with the ER signaling pathways.

Abstract 14356: Blood Tests That Improve the Accuracy of a Brugada Syndrome Diagnosis

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anyu Zhou ◽  
Ning Jinag ◽  
Marco Denegri ◽  
An Xie ◽  
Guangbin Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Brugada Syndrome ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Optimal Cutoff ◽  
Scn5a Mutation

Objectives: To discover the role of altered gene expression regulation in Brugada Syndrome (BrS) and to find biomarkers for BrS diagnosis. Methods: Twenty-five control patients (Control), 25 BrS patients without SCN5A mutation (SCN5A(-)) and 20 BrS patients with SCN5A mutation (SCN5A(+)) were included in this study. Specified gene expression of white blood cells (WBC) were measured by RT-qPCR using TaqMan® Gene Expression assay. Results: MEF2C and MESP1 are the two major cardiac specific transcription factors expressed in WBC. The mRNA expression levels of SCN5A, MEF2C and HuR, one of mRNA stabilizers, were decreased in the SCN5A (+) group (P=0.047, 0.02, 0.000 vs. control group, respectively). The mRNA expression of MESP1 in WBCs was significantly lower in both SCN5A(-) (P=0.012 vs. control) and SCN5A(+) (P=0.000 vs. control) groups. There was no difference between the two BrS groups in MESP1 expression (P=0.215). The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis curve for prediction of BrS using MESP1 levels was 0.775 (95% CI 0.668, 0.882, asymptotic Sig.=0.000). At the optimal cutoff, the corresponding maximum sensitivity and specificity were 0.62 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.76) and 0.88 (0.69, 0.97), respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of MESP1 for BrS diagnosis was 11.96 (95% CI: 5.79, 24.73). The assessment of the mRNA levels in blood SCN5A, MEF2C and HuR were useful for predicting BrS patients with an SCN5A mutation. The area under the ROC analysis curve for prediction of BrS with an SCN5A mutation using SCN5A, MEF2C and HuR mRNA levels in WBCs was 0.847 (95% CI 0.752, 0.942, asymptotic Sig.=0.000), 0.685 (95% CI 0.542, 0.828, asymptotic Sig.=0.016) and 0.777 (95% CI 0.652, 0.902, asymptotic Sig.=0.000), respectively. At the optimal cutoff, the DOR of SCN5A, MEF2C and HuR for SCN5A(+) BrS diagnosis was 17.5 (95% CI: 8.06, 37.86), 4.9 (95% CI: 2.61, 9.17) and 23.5 (95% CI: 9.39, 58.80), respectively. Conclusions: Our results suggest that assessment of circulating MESP1 may be used as a biomarker for BrS diagnosis while decreased SCN5A, MEF2C and HuR mRNA in WBCs is associated with BrS patients with an SCN5A mutation. Our results also suggest that decreased expression of SCN5A, MEF2C, MESP1, and HuR may be pathophysiologically related to BrS.

scholarly journals Clinical Usefulness of Monitoring Expression Levels ofCCL24(Eotaxin-2) mRNA on the Ocular Surface in Patients with Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis and Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Shiraki ◽  
Jun Shoji ◽  
Noriko Inada
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Clinical Score ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis ◽  
Clinical Scores ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of using expression levels ofCCL24(eotaxin-2) mRNA on the ocular surface as a biomarker in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC).Methods. Eighteen patients with VKC or AKC (VKC/AKC group) and 12 control subjects (control group) were enrolled in this study. The VKC/AKC clinical score was determined by objective findings in patients by using the 5-5-5 exacerbation grading scale. All subjects underwent modified impression cytology and specimens were obtained from the upper tarsal conjunctiva. Expression levels ofCCL24(eotaxin-2) mRNA on the ocular surface were determined using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Results. The VKC group was divided into two subgroups, depending on the clinical score: the active stage subgroup with 100 points or more of clinical scores and the stable stage subgroup with 100 points or less.CCL24(eotaxin-2) mRNA expression levels in the active VKC/AKC stage subgroup were significantly higher than those in the stable VKC/AKC subgroup and the control group. Clinical scores correlated significantly withCCL24(eotaxin-2) mRNA expression levels in the VKC group.Conclusions.CCL24(eotaxin-2) mRNA expression levels on the ocular surface are a useful biomarker for clinical severity of VKC/AKC.

scholarly journals HPV16 E6/E7 upregulate hTERC mRNA and gene amplification levels by relieving the effect of LKB1 on Sp1 phosphorylation in lung cancer cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 175883592091756
Author(s):  
Jing-Hua Yang ◽  
Ming-Zhe Wu ◽  
Xu-Bo Wang ◽  
Shiyu Wang ◽  
Xue-Shan Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Gene Amplification ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Hpv16 E6 ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Malignant Group ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Background: There is an immediate need for research on the mechanism underlying telomerase activation and overexpression. Materials & Methods: A total of 174 patients with lung cancer ( n = 106) and benign lung disease ( n = 68) were recruited for the current study. The mRNA expression levels of E6, E7, LKB1, Sp1, and hTERC in brushing cells were detected by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and hTERC amplification was also detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). To investigate the potential mechanism, bidirectional genetic manipulation was performed in well-established lung cancer cell lines. Results: Our results indicated that the mRNA expression levels of E6, E7, Sp1, and hTERC and the amplification level of hTERC were significantly increased in the malignant group compared with those of the benign group ( p < 0.01). Conversely, the mRNA expression level of LKB1 was significantly decreased in the malignant group ( p < 0.01). The correlation between E6, E7, Sp1, and hTERC expression was positive but was negative with LKB1 ( p < 0.01). Our results also showed that HPV16 E6/E7 downregulated the expression of LKB1 at both the protein and mRNA levels. The loss of LKB1 upregulated Sp1 expression, and also promoted Sp1 activity. Sp1 further upregulated hTERC at the mRNA and gene amplification levels. Thus, we proposed a HPV–LKB1–Sp1–hTERC axis of E6/E7 upregulation of hTERC expression. Conclusion: We demonstrated for the first time that E6 and E7 promoted hTERC mRNA expression and the amplification of hTERC by relieving the effect of LKB1 on the phosphorylation of Sp1. Sp1 further activated hTERC by directly binding to the promoter regions of hTERC.

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