scholarly journals Impact of Photoperiod Length and Treatment with Exogenous Melatonin during Pregnancy on Chemical Composition of Sheep’s Milk

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1721
Author(s):  
Edyta Molik ◽  
Michał Błasiak ◽  
Henryk Pustkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Exogenous Melatonin ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of photoperiod and exogenous melatonin on milk yield and chemical composition of sheep’s milk. Sheep (n = 60) were randomly divided into three groups: lambing in February (Group 1—n = 20), lambing in June (Group 2—n = 20), and lambing in June and treated with subcutaneous melatonin implants (Group 3—n = 20). Milk yield was higher for Group 1 and Group 2 than for Group 3 (p < 0.01). The milk of ewes of Groups 2 and 3 had a significantly (p < 0.01) higher content of dry matter, protein, and fat. Group 3 sheep’s milk contained significantly more (p < 0.01) of SFA (Saturated Fatty Acids). The highest content of MUFA (Monounsaturated Fatty Acids) and PUFA (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids) was found in the samples collected from Group 1, the lowest was in the milk of Group 3 animals. The highest (p < 0.01) CLA, content was identified in the milk of Group 1, while the lowest was recorded for the milk obtained from sheep treated with exogenous melatonin (Group 3). The experiment carried out has shown that day length and treatment with exogenous melatonin modulate the chemical composition of milk.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis Bracts Cultivated in Central Greece: The Impact of Harvesting Time

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1976
Author(s):  
Filipa Mandim ◽  
Spyridon A. Petropoulos ◽  
Kyriakos D. Giannoulis ◽  
Celestino Santos-Buelga ◽  
Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
The Impact

The present study evaluated the effect of maturity stage on the chemical composition of cardoon bracts. Plant material was collected in Greece at eight different maturation stages (C1–C8) and the chemical composition was analyzed in regard to lipidic fraction and the content in fatty acids, tocopherols, organic acids, and free sugars. Samples of late maturity (C6–C8) revealed the lowest lipidic content, while a total of 29 fatty acids was identified in all the samples, with palmitic, stearic, oleic, and eicosatrienoic acids present in the highest levels depending on harvesting time. Immature (C1) and mature (C8) bracts were more abundant in saturated fatty acids (SFA) than bracts of medium-to-late maturity (C5, C6), where the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were the prevalent class. The α- and γ-tocopherols were the only identified isoforms of vitamin E, while the highest content was observed in sample C8 (199 µg/100 g dry weight (dw). The detected organic acids were oxalic, quinic, malic, citric, and fumaric acids, while fructose, glucose, sucrose, trehalose, and raffinose were the main detected sugars. The results of the present study allowed us to reveal the effect of maturity stage on cardoon bracts chemical composition and further valorize this byproduct by improving its bioactive compounds content.

scholarly journals Nutritional Attributes and Sensory Quality during Storage Time of Spiced Lamb Burgers from Manchego Spanish Breed

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1466
Author(s):  
María Belén Linares ◽  
Almudena Cózar ◽  
María Dolores Garrido ◽  
Herminia Vergara
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Global Quality

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of spices (garlic, rosemary, thyme, sage or clove) on the chemical and sensory characteristics of burgers elaborated with lamb meat from different locations (L: only leg; LNB 2/3 leg + 1/3 neck and breast). Formulation type (L vs. LNB) modified the chemical composition. L burgers showed lower values of fat, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and higher moisture and polyunsaturated fatty acids content than LNB samples, with both types of burgers maintaining the nutritional indexes (P/S and n6/n3) within the recommended amounts. Nevertheless, the type of formula did not influence the sensory properties of lamb burgers. By contrast, the spice addition affected these characteristics over the period of time considered in this study. At the end of storage their global quality could be listed in the following order, from major to minor rate: Sage > Rosemary > Garlic > Thyme > Clove burgers.

Milk yield at first lactation, parity, and season of calving affect the reproductive performance of water buffalo cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1073
Author(s):  
Héctor Nava-Trujillo ◽  
Robert Valeris-Chacin ◽  
Armando Quintero-Moreno ◽  
Juan Escalona-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Context Profitability of water buffalo systems depends on a calving interval (CI) &lt;400 days. Several factors affect the achievement of this target. However, milk yield at first lactation has received little attention. Aims Determine the effect of milk yield at first lactation, parity, season of calving and farm, on the length of CI and the probability of a CI ≤ 400 days in water buffaloes. Methods A retrospective analysis of milk yield at first lactation and reproductive records of 1459 water buffaloes was carried out. Milk yield was categorised as Group 1 (≤1090 kg), Group 2 (1090–1377 kg), Group 3 (1377–1684 kg) and Group 4 (&gt;1684 kg); parity was categorised as parity 1, 2 and ≥ 3; and month of calving was grouped into three seasons: December–March, April–July, and August–November. Data were analysed using linear and logistic mixed models. Key results CI increased from 425.3 days (95% CI: 418.8–431.8 days) in group 1 to 463.3 days (95% CI: 456–470.6 days) in group 4 (P &lt; 0.05), while the probability of having a CI ≤ 400 days decreased from 0.5 (95% CI: 0.46–0.54) to 0.26 (95% CI: 0.22–0.29), respectively (P &lt; 0.05). CI decreased from 466 days (95% CI: 460.8–471.3 days) in parity 1 to 410.5 days (95% CI: 405.2–415.8 days) in parity ≥3, whereas the probability of a CI ≤ 400 days increased from 0.26 (95% CI: 0.24–0.29) to 0.51 (95% CI: 0.47–0.54) respectively (P &lt; 0.05). Water buffaloes calving in August–November showed significantly shorter CI and, along with those calving between December–March, showed the highest probability of a CI ≤ 400 days. An interaction between milk yield at first lactation and parity on both outcomes was observed. Conclusions Shorter CI and higher probability of a CI &lt;400 days were associated with lower milk yields at first lactation, higher parity and calving between August–November. Higher milk yield at first lactation affected negatively the reproductive performance of water buffaloes, especially at parity 1 and 2. Implications These results highlight the importance of adequate nutritional management to allow water buffaloes to cope with the challenge of the postpartum negative energy balance and have a calving interval less than 400 days.

scholarly journals Plasma fatty acids in de novo lipogenesis pathway are associated with diabetogenic indicators among adults: NHANES 2003–2004

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine A Yu ◽  
Peter J Hu ◽  
Saurabh Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structure Study ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT Background Insulin regulates fatty acids (FAs) in the blood; conversely, FAs may mediate insulin sensitivity and are potentially modifiable risk factors of the diabetogenic state. Objective The objective of our study was to examine the associations between plasma concentrations of FAs, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) among individuals (n = 1433) in the NHANES (2003–2004). Design Plasma concentrations of 24 individual FAs were considered individually and in subgroups, per chemical structure. Study participants were categorized in diabetogenic groups: Group 1 (HbA1c ≥6.5% or FPG ≥126 mg/dL), Group 2 (HbA1c 5.7% to &lt;6.5% or FPG 100 to &lt;126 mg/dL), and Group 3 (HbA1c &lt;5.7% and FPG &lt;100 mg/dL). We assessed associations between diabetogenic groups and plasma FAs in multivariate multinomial regressions (with Group 3 as the reference). Results Overall, 7.0% of study participants were in Group 1; 33.3% were in Group 2. Plasma concentrations of several individual FAs, including even-chain saturated FAs (SFAs; myristic, palmitic, stearic acids) and monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs; cis-vaccenic, oleic acids), were respectively associated with greater odds of Groups 1 and 2 status, adjusting for covariates. Higher concentrations of SFA and MUFA subgroups (highest compared with lowest quartile) were associated with increased odds of Group 2 status [SFAs adjusted OR (aOR): 1.51 (95% CI: 1.05, 2.18); MUFAs aOR: 1.78 (95% CI: 1.11, 2.85)]. Higher eicosapentaenoic acid plasma concentration was associated with decreased odds of Group 1 status [quartile 4 aOR: 0.41 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.95)]. Conclusions Higher plasma concentrations of SFAs and MUFAs, primary de novo lipogenesis products, were associated with elevated FPG and HbA1c in a nationally representative study population in the United States. Additional studies are necessary to elucidate potential causal relationships between FAs (from endogenous production and dietary consumption) and diabetogenic indicators, as well as clinical implications for managing diabetes and prediabetes.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of the chemical composition of fungal bodies of the paranasal sinuses

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Yaroslav V. Shkorbotun ◽  
Mykola A. Skoryk
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Factor Group ◽  
High Radiation ◽  
Radiation Density ◽  
Fungal Ball ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: The significance of fungal microflora in the development of chronic rhinosinusitis tends to increase. The purpose of the study: We had studied the chemical composition of fungal bodies of odontogenic and nonodontogenic origin to determine the relationship between fungal sinusitis and previous endodontic treatment. Methods and materials: The 7 samples of the most common dental endodontic materials and 32 fungal ball removed from the paranasal sinuses in patients were examined by electron microscopy and masspectrometry: 22 of them were from the maxillary sinus in persons with a probable odontogenic cause of the disease (group 1), and 10 with the exception of odontogenic factor – 5 from the maxillary sinus - group 2 and 5 - from the sphenoid - group 3). The resultsand disscusion: In areas with high radiation density of fungal balls, its level in group 1 was 1173.6 ± 257.9 HU, groups 2 and 3 - 283.2 ± 21.8 HU and 262.6 ± 3 HU, and the radiation density from the samples with base it’s level in all groups did not differ among them and was from 50.1 to 55.0 HU. It was found that in all samples dental materials there was a content of Zn with a mass fraction from 0.71 ± 0.42% to 85.51 ± 0.05%. When analyzing the structure of fragments of fungal balls from areas with a base level of radiation density in patients of all three groups, its homogeneity and absence of crystalline inclusions were noted. In contrast, in fragments of fungal ball from areas of high radiation density there where a significant number of crystals in individuals with established odontogenic factor (group 1) and their absence in the material of groups 2 and 3. In the composition of samples of fungal balls from areas with high radiation density, it was found that in group №1 in 10 samples (45.45%) showed a significant content of Zinc (average mass fraction - 23.71 ± 4.45%), and Calcium was found in 40.9% of the samples at the level of 3.8 ± 1.33%. The chemical composition of areas of fungal bodies with high radiation density in individuals with excluded odontogenic factor (group 2 and group 3) was similar and was characterized by the presence of high level of Calcium from areas with increased radiation density of 24.38 ± 6.22%, and 22.04 ± 5,72%, while the background (group 2 - 1.26 ± 0.33%, group 3 –0.90 ± 0.34%). Zinc and other chemical elements - markers of dental materials in groups 2 and 3 were not detected. Conclusions: All dental materials we examined contain Zn and chemical elements are not characteristic of tissues of biological origin (Ba, Zr, W, Co and Ti), the content of which may cause increased radiological density of the tissue of the fungal ball. Elevated Zn and Ca content was detected in 45.45% and 40.9% of samples of fungal ball of odontogenic origin, and in almost all samples of fungal ball of neodontogenic origin, regardless of the location of the sinus (maxillary or sphenoidal), Ca was detected, which allows to predict the absorption of these chemicals. elements from the tissues surrounding the fungal body, as the main mechanism of their accumulation in concentrations that cause the formation of areas of high radiation density.

scholarly journals Chemical and fatty acid composition of milk from crossbred cows subjected to feed restriction

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deiyse Alves Silva ◽  
Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior ◽  
José Reinaldo Mendes Ruas ◽  
Pedro Felipe Santana ◽  
Luana Alcântara Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Acid Ratio

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition and fatty acid profile of milk from F1 Holstein/Zebu cows in different lactation periods, when receiving different levels of dietary supply in percentage of body weight. Sixty cows were evaluated, with five levels of dietary supply and three lactation periods. The levels of dietary supply had no effect on the production of milk corrected to 3.5% fat (12.25 kg per day). There was also no effect of dietary supply levels, in the different lactation periods, on contents of fat (3.34%), protein (3.41%), lactose (4.60%), total solids (12.0%), defatted dry extract (8.80%), and urinary nitrogen (14.5 mg dL-1), nor on somatic cell count (89.98 mL-1). As the dietary supply level was reduced, the sum of saturated fatty acids in milk was decreased in up to 9.15% and that of monounsaturated fatty acids was increased in up to 25.28%. Feed restriction does not alter the chemical composition of milk, but improves its quality of fat by reducing saturated fatty acid content, increasing the concentration of monounsaturated and desirable fatty acids in up to 54%, and increasing the hypo- and hypercholesterolemic fatty acid ratio in up to 168.97%.

The levels of leptin, adiponectin, and free fatty acids in the patients of different body weight presenting with myocardial infarction and elevated ST segment

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
L V Kvitkova ◽  
D A Borodkina ◽  
O V Gruzdeva ◽  
O L Barbarash ◽  
A A Silonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The present study involed the patients (n=100) presenting with myocardial infarction (MI). Based on the body mass index, they were allocated to three groups: those with normal body mass index (BMI) (18.5≤BMI< 25 kg/m2; n=32; group 1), overweight patients (25≤BMI <30 kg/m2; n=42; group 2), and obese patients (BMI≤30 kg/m2; n=27; group 3). The laboratory studies included the measurement of serum adipocytokine levels (leptin, adiponectin, and free fatty acids (FFA)) in conjunction with the evaluation of insulin resistance (IR). All the patients regardless of BMI had the waist circumference in excess of the upper limit of the normal gender-specific values. Deviations from the reference values of leptin, adiponectin, and FFA levels were observed in 65.6% of the patients with normal BWI, in 69.0% of the overweight patients, and in 70.3% of the obese patients. In the patients of all the three groups, significant correlation was documented between waist circumference and the levels of leptin (group 1: r=0.3100, p=0.00; group 2: r=0.32, p=0.00; group 3: r=0.37, p=0.03) and adiponectin (group 1: r=-0.43, p=0.00; group 2: r=-0.35, p=0.04; group 3: r=-0.18, p=0.01). Moreover, the waist circumference significantly correlated with the occurrence of IR (group 1: r=0.11, p=0.04; group 2: r=0.45, p=0.00, group 3: r=0.34, p=0.03). It is concluded that the observed deviations of the parameters of interest from the respective reference values suggest disturbances in the metabolic and secretory functions of the visceral adipose tissue associated with the enlargement of its volume).

Composition and textural properties of Mozzarella cheese naturally-enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariangela Caroprese ◽  
Agostino Sevi ◽  
Rosaria Marino ◽  
Antonella Santillo ◽  
Alessandra Tateo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mozzarella Cheese ◽  
Bulk Milk

The effects of adding flaxseed or fish oil to the diet of dairy cows on the chemical and physical profile of Mozzarella cheese production were studied. The experiment involved 24 Friesian cows, divided into 3 groups accordingly fat supplementation: basal diet (CT), diet supplemented with flaxseed (FS) or fish oil (FO). Mozzarella cheeses were manufactured from bulk milk of each group. Bulk milk was analysed for chemical composition and renneting parameters. Mozzarella cheeses were analysed for chemical composition, fatty acid profile, and textural properties. Results suggest that Mozzarella cheese from cows receiving flaxseed supplementation showed a decrease in saturated fatty acids (SFA), an increase in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) compared with control Mozzarella cheese. The increased dietary intake of C18:3 in flaxseed supplemented cows resulted in increased levels of trans-11 C18:1, and of CLA cis-9 trans-11 C18:2, and in low Atherogenic and Trombogenic Indexes. FO Mozzarella cheese showed compositional and textural properties quite similar to CT Mozzarella cheese; however, increased levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in FO Mozzarella were found.

scholarly journals Prevention of dysbiosis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children with acute respiratory infections after antibiotic therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 712-720
Author(s):  
L.N. Mazankova ◽  
◽  
S.G. Perlovskaya ◽  
M.D. Ardatskaya ◽  
A.A. Korsunskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim: to develop a method of dysbiotic abnormality prevention after antibiotic therapy (ABT) in early childhood. Patients and Methods: the study enrolled 90 children aged 12–60 months who were admitted to the hospital with complicated acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and received ABT. The children were randomized into three groups (each comprised of 30 children). The children received either a probiotic with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium BB-12 (group 1) or a cytomucoprotector, gelatin tannate (group 2) to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Group 3 children received ABT only. To assess microbiocenosis, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in stool were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Results: AAD was reported in 23.3% of group 1 children, 17% of group 2 children, and 46.7% of group 3 children (p=0.03). In group 2, the duration of diarrhea was significantly lower. Baseline stool concentration of SCFAs was 2.5-times lower compared to normal ranges. Further reduction in the total absolute level of SCFAs was reported in group 3 after treatment. An increase in total SCFA level, a significant increase in the relative amounts of acetic acid, and a reduction in propionic acid and (to a lesser degree) butyric acid were reported in groups 1 and 2 compared to group 3. Conclusions: an improvement in stool SCFA levels was reported in group 1 and 2 children who received probiotics or cytomucoprotector. Incorporation of these medications and ABT in the complex treatment for ARIs in children stabilized metabolic activity of microbiota through preserving the pool of indigenous microorganisms producing butyrate. KEYWORDS: antibiotic, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, acute respiratory viral infections, microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, probiotic, gelatin tannate. FOR CITATION: Mazankova L.N., Perlovskaya S.G., Ardatskaya M.D. et al. Prevention of dysbiosis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children with acute respiratory infections after antibiotic therapy. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(11):712–720 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-11-712-720.

scholarly journals The Study of Variation in Fatty Acids Composition for Animal Fats

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia POP ◽  
Cornel LASLO
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Poultry Fat

In this article the chemical composition of 2 types of animal fats (cow milk fat and poultry fat) following the variation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids proportion during freezing storage was studied. Determination of chemical composition of animal fats is important in establishing organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters, the variation of them in time, nature and proportion of fatty acids conferring specific characteristics to them. For milk fat was determined the following chemical composition: saturated fatty acids 68.35%, monounsaturated fatty acids 29.25%, polyunsaturated fatty acids 2.4%. After 4 months of storage under freezing there was a change in fatty acids proportion, saturated fatty acid content increased to 70.41%, monounsaturated fatty acids content decreased to 28.23%, and polyunsaturated fatty acids content decreased to 1.35% due to oxidation process when decreased the degree of unsaturation due to unsaturated fatty acids oxidation. In the case of poultry fat there was also an increase of saturated fatty acids (30.71%) and a decrease for monounsaturated (43.47%) and polyunsaturated (24.81%) fatty acids content.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document